589 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
589 lines
27 KiB
Plaintext
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SLIP/PPP Emulator mini-HOWTO
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Irish
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irish@eskimo.com<6F>
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Glen Reesor - Converted document from HTML to DocBook v4.1 (SGML)
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2001-02-21
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Revision History
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Revision 3.1 21 February 2001 Revised by: GCR
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Revision 3.0 7 August 1997 Revised by: Irish
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This document will describe how to get your Linux box to connect to a generic
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site via a SLIP/PPP emulator, such as SLiRP or TIA. I take no responsibility
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for your use of this information, but corrections are welcome.
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I will not attempt to describe all that can be done over this connection once
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established, but I will refer you to other documents or sites that will
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contain the relevant information.
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That done, let's do it!
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Copyright Information
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1.2. Disclaimer
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1.3. New Versions
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1.4. Feedback
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2. How Does an Emulator Work?
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2.1. What is TIA?
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2.2. What is SLiRP?
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2.3. What about Term?
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2.4. What about real SLIP/PPP?
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3. Prerequisites
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4. Preparing your Linux Machine
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4.1. Compiling your Kernel
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4.2. Edit some files in /etc
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4.3. DIP
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4.4. PPP
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5. Now What?
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5.1. Mail
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5.2. News
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5.3. Mosaic/Netscape
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6. Miscellaneous
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6.1. References
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1. Introduction
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I am Irish, <irish@eskimo.com>, available for comment on Linux almost
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everyday, when I'm not petting my cat or hugging my kid.
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This HOWTO is available in the following places:
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[http://www.linuxdoc.org] http://www.linuxdoc.org
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish] ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/TIA] ftp://
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sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.1. Copyright Information
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This document is copyrighted (c) 2001 Irish and is distributed under the
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terms of the Linux Documentation Project (LDP) license, stated below.
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Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by their
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respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and distributed
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in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic, as long as this
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copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is
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allowed and encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any
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such distributions.
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All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating any
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Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice. That is,
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you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose additional
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restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted
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under certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at the
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address given below.
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In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through as
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many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright on the
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HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to redistribute
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the HOWTOs.
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If you have any questions, please contact <irish@eskimo.com>
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.2. Disclaimer
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No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted. Use the
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concepts, examples and other content at your own risk. As this is a new
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edition of this document, there may be errors and inaccuracies, that may of
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course be damaging to your system. Proceed with caution, and although this is
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highly unlikely, the author(s) do not take any responsibility for that.
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All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
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specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be
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regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
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Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
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You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before major
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installation and backups at regular intervals.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.3. New Versions
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The latest version number of this document can be found at:
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[http://www.linuxdoc.org] http://www.linuxdoc.org
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish] ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/TIA] ftp://
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sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.4. Feedback
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Feedback is most certainly welcome for this document. Without your
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submissions and input, this document wouldn't exist. Please send your
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additions, comments and criticisms to the following email address : <
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irish@eskimo.com>.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2. How Does an Emulator Work?
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It is important to understand how a SLIP/PPP emulator works in general, to be
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aware of its limitations. First, you do not need to install the emulator on
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your machine. It runs on your remote host only. What you need on your machine
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is the TCP/IP and SLIP or PPP protocols installed in your kernel (more on
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that in a bit), and some clients.
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Here's what happens: you send network requests from your machine to your
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remote host over the SLIP/PPP link. The emulator grabs them and sends them
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out to the Net at large. Then, incoming data is sent back from the Net to
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your account on the remote host, where the emulator grabs it and sends it
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back over the SLIP/PPP link to your machine. So, to the Net it appears as if
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you are working out of your account on the remote host, but to you it looks
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like you are really connected right to the Net.
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As you can see, this can confuse stuff that is incoming from the Net. For
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example, talk doesn't work via an emulator, because the incoming talk request
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tries to start the remote hosts talk daemon, not yours.
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The other big difference between an emulator and real SLIP/PPP is you are NOT
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assigned your own IP address; remember, you are only converting a dialup
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account to a SLIP/PPP connection.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.1. What is TIA?
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[http://www.marketplace.com/tia/tiahome.html] The Intenet Adaptor was written
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by the fine folks at marketplace.com. They have quit working on it now, and
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consider it a 'mature' product. The last version is 2.05; if you are going to
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use TIA, please get this version.
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Note: At last report, marketplace.com have gone out of business.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.2. What is SLiRP?
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This is a freeware application, covered under the GNU Public License. It is
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out of beta, and is real stable. It sports a few more features than TIA, and
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is (reportedly) easier on host resources. Available at fine Linux FTP sites
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everywhere.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.3. What about Term?
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If you don't have root access to your machine for one reason or another, and
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you can't persuade someone who does to install SLIP and dip, then you won't
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have much choice except to use Term. If you want to know more about Term,
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please read the HOWTO on Sunsite.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.4. What about real SLIP/PPP?
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Hey, a lot of places are offering real SLIP/PPP at reasonable prices for
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non-dedicated dialup nowadays. If you can afford it, or feel the need, go for
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it. The Real Thing is always better than emulation. However, one of the
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things an emulator provides is security; it acts as an impregnable firewall,
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and with it you are pretty much as bulletproof as your provider is. You'll
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pay for it though, emulation is slower, and does not fully support every
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protocol. Still and all, emulation is good enough for most people, and is a
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fine way to connect to the Net.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3. Prerequisites
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Enough already! How do I set it up?
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Alright hotrod, we're getting there, but first there's some info you need to
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get, and a couple of explanations.
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First, you need to get the IP address of your provider, if you don't have it
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already. You can do this by typing 'who' at a shell prompt there, or reading
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their /etc/hosts, or even just asking them. While your getting that, get the
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IP address of the POP/SMTP host and the NNTP server (if you don't know what
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those are, trust me and ask for them anyway, you'll need 'em).
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Next, let me explain quickly about hostnames and domain names. The hostname
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is the first part of a machines name, the domain is the rest of it. Like
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this: hostname.domain.name (a four parter would be hostname.do.main.name).
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Together, they make a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
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The name of your Linux machine is stored in /etc/HOSTNAME, and yes, you can
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change it. In fact, please do (if you're using Slackware, it'll be
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"darkstar.frop.org" by default). Just edit the /etc/HOSTNAME file to be
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whatever you want - remember, if you are using an emulator, you are
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essentially invisible to the Net at large, so you can be creative. However,
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if you plan to get a real SLIP/PPP connection down the road sometime, you'll
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probably want to conform to being a sub-host of your provider. For example,
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if your provider is "info.superhiway.com", the domain is "superhiway.com" and
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the hostname is "info". So you could either be "offramp.info.superhiway.com"
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or just "offramp.superhiway.com". Either would work, and in either case your
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hostname is "offramp".
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4. Preparing your Linux Machine
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In a nutshell, here's what's required. I'll explain the first three in
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detail.
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>Compile your kernel to include SLIP and TCP/IP
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>Edit some files in /etc
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>Install and configure dip
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>Install pppd (optional, for PPP only)
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You will also need to get an emulator binary appropriate for your remote host
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and install it. SLiRP is available at [ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/
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index.html] Sunsite and other fine Linux FTP sites. All of the relevant info
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for TIA is available at [http://marketplace.com/tiahome/tia.html] TIAs home
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site.
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That's it! Let's get started.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.1. Compiling your Kernel
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If you have never done this, you should. And you should read the FAQ first,
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but don't worry, it's easy. If you want, you can e-mail me and I'll help.
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I'll assume that you have here, for the sake of brevity. When you 'make
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config', look for "Network Devices". Say 'y', of course, then say 'y' to
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SLIP, CSLIP, (or PPP) and TCP/IP and 'n' to everything else, unless you have
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ethercards or need some other protocol for something else. If you don't do
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this, it won't work! Finish compiling and installing the new kernel, then,
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.2. Edit some files in /etc
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These files will set up your routes to your remote host. /etc is the
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directory for system configurations. Replace everything in double quotes with
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the appropriate values, naturally (but don't include the quotes - they are
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there for reference). There are three files you need to edit, they are:
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>/etc/hosts
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#The next line is required to be EXACTLY as below.
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127.0.0.1 localhost
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#Note at the end of the next two entries the hostname is repeated.
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#This abbreviation is an alias, and is required for the first entry.
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#If you're on a LAN, you'll need to substitute your IP address for
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#the first one below.
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192.0.2.1 "yourhostname.domain.name yourhostname"
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"XXX.XXX.XX.XX" "remotehostname.domain.name remotehostname"
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>/etc/host.conf
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order hosts, bind
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multi on
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>/etc/resolv.conf
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domain "yourdomain.name"
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#The next line usually uses the same remote IP address that's in /etc/hosts
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nameserver "XXX.XXX.XX.XX"
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>To use an NNTPserver, put this line in your /etc/profile
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export NNTPSERVER="remote.hosts.nntpservername"
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4.3. DIP
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DIP (Dialup Internet Protocol) is what you will use to dial up the remote
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host, start the emulator, and convert the line to SLIP/PPP. It comes in the
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"N" set of Slackware, along with a bunch of clients and utilities, some of
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which you may want to install also =). It is also available at [ftp://
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sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/index.html] Sunsite in an individual tar file
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Once you have it installed, you will need to have a dip script, Here's a
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sample, just plug in the appropriate stuff where the double quotes are (but
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don't include the quotes, they are there for reference).
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main:
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get $local "yourhostname.domain.name"
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get $remote "remotehostname.domain.name"
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#Your port here
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port cua"?"
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#Use 115200 for 28.8 modems
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speed 57400
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reset
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#don't use spaces in your AT command string!
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init AT "string of commands"
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wait OK 5
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# This will redial. If it doesn't work, play with the wait time (listen
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# to your modem). If it still doesn't work, mail me.
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# See also; the note at the bottom of the script re: error codes.
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dial:
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dial "phonenumber"
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print Dialing...
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if $errlvl != 0 goto error
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#You may need to change this wait time to suit your modem
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wait BUSY 20
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if $errlvl == 0 goto dial
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login:
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print Connected and Logging in...
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#This wait and send gets me past my hosts Annex. Change for your site!
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wait ==> 60
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send 4\n
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wait ogin: 60
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if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error1
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send "LOGIN"\n
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wait assword: 60
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if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error2
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send "PASSWORD"\n
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loggedin:
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wait "SYSTEM PROMPT" 60
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if $errlvl != 0 goto shell_error
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print Logged in!
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send "emulator startup command"\n
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wait "emulator startup response" 60
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if $errlvl != 0 goto emu_error
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#The recommended mtu setting is 1500, but this is faster interactively.
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#Ftp may be slower, so adjust to taste.
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get $mtu 296
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default
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done:
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print CONNECTED to $remote with address $rmtip
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mode CSLIP
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goto exit
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error:
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print Dialing Error
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login_error1:
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print No Login
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login_error2:
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print No Password prompt
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shell_error:
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print No shell prompt
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emu_error:
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There was a problem starting the emulator
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exit:
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#This will error out when the -v flag is used, but work when run normally
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#(ends dip at a local prompt).
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\r
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|
4.3.1. DIP Notes
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Newer versions of dip don't return modem status codes (BUSY, NO CONNECT,
|
|||
|
etc.), they use numbers instead. Here's a table:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>0 = OK
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>1 = CONNECT
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>2 = ERROR
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>3 = BUSY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>4 = NO CARRIER
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This would make your dial section look like this:
|
|||
|
dial:
|
|||
|
dial "phonenumber"
|
|||
|
print Dialing...
|
|||
|
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
|
|||
|
wait 1 20
|
|||
|
if $errlvl != 1 goto dial
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Thanks to Lee Olds <lee@eskimo.com> for that bit.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
\n = newline, \r = carriage return. You may require one or the other (or
|
|||
|
both) in the appropriate places. If the ones provided don't work, experiment.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A word about the form of the wait and sends. If it isn't clear by the
|
|||
|
example, here's what's happening:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
wait ogin: 60
|
|||
|
The script will wait for the remote to send 'ogin:' for 60 seconds. When
|
|||
|
it gets it, the script advances. If it doesn't get it, it will advance
|
|||
|
after the timeout of 60 seconds.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
if $errlvl != 0 goto login_error
|
|||
|
(This whole line is optional.) If the script is advancing because it got
|
|||
|
what it was waiting for, this gets skipped. if the script is advancing
|
|||
|
because it timed out, it will go to where you tell it to ('login_error1'
|
|||
|
in this case.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
send "LOGIN"\n
|
|||
|
DIP will send 'LOGIN' and a newline
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You can put in sleep statements if you need to, like this: "sleep 10" This
|
|||
|
will make the script pause for 10 seconds.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
After editing this file, rename it, say, remote.dip and put it in /root.
|
|||
|
Then, as root, run 'dip remote'. Use the -v flag the first time to debug it
|
|||
|
('dip -v remote'), this will show you all the steps dip takes.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Dip will only run as root, but there is a way to make it run from a user
|
|||
|
account. For now, if you need this info, ask. I may include it in this file
|
|||
|
later if enough people want it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If dip errors out right away, try removing the comments from the script.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.4. PPP
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The above gets you rolling with CSLIP, which is really fine most of the time.
|
|||
|
It truly is easy to get working, since the protocol is supported at the
|
|||
|
kernel level - just make sure it's in there and it works.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
However, some of you will want PPP, for what reasons, only you can say. I'm
|
|||
|
not going to tell you how to set it up here, there's a whole other HOWTO
|
|||
|
written just for that. What I will do is tell you what the gotchas are when
|
|||
|
using PPP with an emulator.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
First, the latest version of DIP says you can use it to start PPP, and you
|
|||
|
can, BUT it only starts the PPP daemon - no flags, nothing. So if you want to
|
|||
|
use DIP to start PPP, be sure to put all of your startup info in the /etc/ppp
|
|||
|
/options file, or it won't work.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Speaking of the options file, one of the things that MUST be in there no
|
|||
|
matter how you start pppd is this: '192.0.2.1:XXX.XXX.XX.XX'. What this is is
|
|||
|
'localIPaddress:remoteIPaddress'. You need it there because normally pppd can
|
|||
|
fill in the blank itself, but fails when connecting to an emulator.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Be sure to get the latest and greatest pppd package. It seems there were a
|
|||
|
few versions recently that had a bit of trouble.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lastly, unless you have a good reason to use PPP, or just want to learn how
|
|||
|
it works, you really don't need it. I have tried them both, and didn't notice
|
|||
|
any performance difference with the standard set of clients. Of course, Your
|
|||
|
Mileage May Vary. :)
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. Now What?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Hey, if all went well, you are now connected to the Net! Try a 'telnet
|
|||
|
remotehostname' (remember that abbreviation in your hosts file?). You should
|
|||
|
get the remotes telnet login prompt. Go on, try it! You can now telnet/FTP/
|
|||
|
etc. anywhere on the Net from your local machine. How? Your machine is using
|
|||
|
the remote as a nameserver to resolve addresses (resolv.conf). Experiment,
|
|||
|
find out what works and what doesn't.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You will not be able to use services that are not provided already on your
|
|||
|
remote host! For example, if your server doesn't allow telnets, chances are
|
|||
|
you can't do it either. Why? Because the emulator is only re-directing what
|
|||
|
is already available.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.1. Mail
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The obvious text based solution is Pine, you can get it from [ftp://
|
|||
|
ftp.cac.washington.edu] The University of Washington .
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
My pick for 'Best Mail Reader, X Based' has to go to XFmail. This has now
|
|||
|
gotten out of beta, and rocks. Easy to install; requires no local mail system
|
|||
|
be installed (but will work with local spools) because it has POP built in -
|
|||
|
no more popclient/fetchpop! Easy to use; totally customizable from the GUI.
|
|||
|
Also supports MIME. Get it from [http://burka.netvision.net.il/xfmail/
|
|||
|
xfmail.html] The XFmail Homesite.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.2. News
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The text based News Reader [ftp://space.mit.edu/pub/davis/slrn] SLRN is
|
|||
|
fairly simple to install and use. It is a true NNTP newsreader, which means
|
|||
|
no local news transport is required to make it work (you don't have install
|
|||
|
Cnews or INN). It does require that you have access to an NNTPserver,
|
|||
|
naturally, but most ISPs have this. It is text based, but has color and mouse
|
|||
|
support, and runs fine in an rxvt window.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The X based News Reader [http://www.matematik.su.se/~kjj/] KNews is almost
|
|||
|
perfect. As with SLRN above, no local transport is required, but an NNTP
|
|||
|
server is. It's at least worth a look.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5.3. Mosaic/Netscape
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Obviously, you will need to have X running for this to work, but it's a
|
|||
|
simple matter of FTPing the binary, unpacking it, and installing it.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. Miscellaneous
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If I've left anything out, or you still have questions, I read my mail daily.
|
|||
|
This information gets updated fairly regularly, so keep checking back every
|
|||
|
so often (I'll change the version numbers). Naturally, the more you
|
|||
|
contribute, the more info will be included here, so don't hesitate to tell me
|
|||
|
about whatever you have to offer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you would like some help, or are having trouble with your setup, I'll help
|
|||
|
but you must send me the following info:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. A copy of your three /etc files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. A copy of your script output, run with the -v flag (please remove your
|
|||
|
password from this!)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Even if you don't have anything to contribute, but used this info
|
|||
|
sucsessfully, please mail me. I want to know how useful this really is.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6.1. References
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Sunsite is the FTP site [ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/index.html]
|
|||
|
sunsite.unc.edu, a veritable plethora of everything Linux, including almost
|
|||
|
every FAQ, HOWTO, and README written.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[http://marketplace.com/] Marketplace.com is the home of TIA, the only place
|
|||
|
it is available.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Note: Marketplace.com appears to be out of business.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I am Irish, <irish@eskimo.com>, available for comment on Linux almost
|
|||
|
everyday, when I'm not petting my cat or hugging my kid.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This HOWTO is available in the following places:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[http://www.linuxdoc.org] http://www.linuxdoc.org
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish] ftp://ftp.eskimo.com/u/i/irish
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A>[ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/TIA] ftp://
|
|||
|
sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/mini/SLIP-PPP-Emulator
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|