931 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
931 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
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Lotus Domino R5 for Linux mini-HOWTO
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Mykola Buryak
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<1upus@gmx.ch>
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>
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Mary Gardiner - Editing for style and consitency, conversion from text to
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DocBook v4.1.2 (XML)
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Dan Scott - The document structure from DB2 Version 7.1 for Linux HOWTO
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January 2003
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Revision History
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Revision 1.0 2003-01-18
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Initial Release, reviewed by LDP (Tab)
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Revision 0.1.2 2003-01-13
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Corrected some factual and grammatical mistakes. Submitted document to LDP.
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Revision 0.1.1 2003-01-01
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Mary Gardiner converts mini-HOWTO into Docbook XML 4.1.2.
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Revision 0.1 2002-09-20
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My first mini-HOWTO, wrote install instructions Lotus Domino 5.08 & 5.09a for
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Mandrake Linux 8.1 and SuSE 7.3 Professional.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Why a Domino R5 installation mini-HOWTO?
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1.2. Who should read this mini-HOWTO?
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1.3. About the author
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1.4. Acknowledgements
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1.5. License & Copyright
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2. Prerequisites
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2.1. Hardware
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2.2. Software
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3. Preparing your distribution for Domino R5
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3.1. Mandrake Linux 8.1
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3.2. SuSE 7.3 Professional
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4. Installing Domino R5
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4.1. Mandrake Linux 8.1
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4.2. SuSE 7.3 Professional
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4.3. For all Linux distributions
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5. Resources
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6. GNU Free Documentation License
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0. PREAMBLE
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1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
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2. VERBATIM COPYING
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3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
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4. MODIFICATIONS
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
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6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
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7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
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8. TRANSLATION
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9. TERMINATION
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10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
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How to use this License for your documents
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This mini-HOWTO gives you explicit instructions on installing Lotus Domino
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R5 for Linux on the Intel x86-based distributions of Mandrake Linux 8.1 and
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SuSE 7.3 Professional. After installing Domino R5, you can connect to your
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Domino server from a remote Notes machine, and administer it locally (on the
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same Linux machine) using the Web Administrator.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Why a Domino R5 installation mini-HOWTO?
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I faced Domino for Linux in February 2002. It happened because of unstable
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Domino R5 functioning on an Windows NT Server with powerful hardware
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resources. I read the "Understanding Domino for Linux" white paper and I
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decided to move our Domino server to Linux. My first Linux distribution was
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Mandrake 8.1. I know this French distribution is one of the easiest and
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friendly for a newbie. Now it has worked pretty well for more than 10 months
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without any interference. Cool :) A few months ago the chairmen decided to
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implement one more Domino server at our high school; we had no money to
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purchase a powerful server and I made up my mind to deploy it on Linux again
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with existing hardware. Now we have a very stable second one on SuSE 7.3 (I
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have studied this distribution already) with poor hardware (CPU: Celeron 400,
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RAM: 192MB, HDD: 20GB IDE).
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As time permits, I hope to provide hints and tips for improving performance
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of Domino on Linux, and for configuring the environment on various Linux
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distributions.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.2. Who should read this mini-HOWTO?
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If you plan to save your employer's money and get amazing stability (and
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save your time) you should think about Domino on Linux. This mini-HOWTO helps
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you to install and configure Domino on the Linux distributions supported by
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IBM Lotus Software (SuSE) and others (Mandrake). I describe specific
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prerequisites and quirks for each distribution. I do not want anyone to
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repeat my sleepless nights and all-day-long red eyes.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.3. About the author
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Mykola Buryak is the originator and current maintainer of this mini-HOWTO.
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Please send all suggestions for improvement, criticisms, or more-or-less
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related questions to me at <m.b.@gmx.co.uk> or <1upus@gmx.ch>. Please do not
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send me spam or hate mail.
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Mykola Buryak has been employed by National Mining University, Ukraine, as
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Lotus System Administrator since September 2000. Before that time he was
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working as Computer/Network Technician there. He has 3 year experience with
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Web Development, 2 year in Lotus Domino/Notes Administration, 1 year in Linux
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and IBM DB2 UDB. In his spare time he teaches RUP and Python at the
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Geoinformatics Department, National Mining University. He holds an Hon.
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Masters Degree in Information Control Systems and Technologies and the
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following certifications for the present:
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> Certified Lotus Specialist - Domino R5 System Administrator
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> IBM Certified Specialist - DB2 UDB V6.1/V7.1 User
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.4. Acknowledgements
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Mary Gardiner did an awesome job of editing the original version for style
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and consistency.
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Additional thanks to Dan Scott and his DB2 Version 7.1 for Linux HOWTO
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which I got the document structure from.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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1.5. License & Copyright
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Copyright (c) 2002, 2003 Mykola Buryak
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under
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the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later
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version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no invariant
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sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, with no Back-Cover Text. A copy of the
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license is included in Section 6.
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This document is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See Section 6 for more details.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2. Prerequisites
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What are prerequisites? Prerequisites are what you, your machine, and your
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distribution require before you will be able to successfully install or use
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Lotus Domino R5. The required prerequisites come straight from Notes, Domino
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and Domino Designer RELEASE NOTES, Chapter 2. The suggested prerequisites
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come from experience. For your convenience, I've divided them into hardware
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and software requirements.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.1. Hardware
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CPU
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x86 compatible (for example, Intel, AMD, or Cyrix). I've successfully
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installed Domino Application Server 5.08 on an AMD Duron 800, Intel
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Celeron 400 and Enterprise Server 5.09a on an AMD Athlon 1000. Your
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experiences with other x86 processors would be appreciated.
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RAM
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I've found 128 MB of RAM is enough to run a single Domino Application
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Server and test out your applications. In my case, I was working with a
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AMD Duron 800 processor and 128 MB of RAM. However, more memory is
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recommended if you're putting your application into production or running
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multiple services. Swap file should be 3 times the physical RAM or
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greater.
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HDD
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For a typical non-partioned installation of the Lotus Domino R5
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Application Server, you will need about 300 MB of free disk space.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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2.2. Software
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You must have selected the following packages during Linux install or
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setup:
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> C Development;
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> Development Libraries;
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> C++ Development.
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<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>*<2A> Also you need the libjitc.so file from the IBM Developer Kit for Java
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1.1.6.
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3. Preparing your distribution for Domino R5
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3.1. Mandrake Linux 8.1
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Domino for Linux will need to be able to find a certain file with filename
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libjitc.so. This required file is absent from Mandrake Linux 8.1. You will be
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unable to work correctly with the Agent Manager and Statistic Agent if you
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ignore this section of mini-HOWTO.
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1. To find out if the file is absent, you can use the locate command.
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First, issue the following command at the command prompt (login as
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"root"):
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bash# updatedb
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This command searches the hard drive and updates a database for the
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locate command in use. It can take a few minutes to run, but probably it
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will take only 20-30 seconds or so. Afterwards, issue the command:
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bash# locate libjitc.so
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If libjitc.so is on your hard drive somewhere, locate will find it and
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list where it is. If not, locate will list nothing. If libjitc.so is
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already there, it is probably already in your search path, until you get
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an error trying to work with Agent Manager and Statistic Agent indicating
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otherwise, just assume it is. If you do not have libjitc.so, you will
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need to get it separately; it is not included as a part of the Domino for
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Linux package.
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The file libjitc.so is included as a part of the IBM Developer Kit for
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Linux, which is IBM's port of Sun's JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.1.8 to
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Linux/x86. libjitc.so is the Java "Just-In-Time" compiler. The reason
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that this file is absent from SuSE 7.3 is that this Linux distribution
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comes with a different Java package named Kaffe Virtual Machine.
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2. You can download the IBM Developer Kit for Linux from [http://
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www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/118/linux/?dwzone=java] http://
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www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/java/jdk/118/linux/?dwzone=java.
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3. Prepare a directory to download JDK into. Change to the /root
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directory:
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bash# cd /
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bash# cd /root
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and make a new directory named jdk118:
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bash# mkdir jdk118
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4. Download the JDK into /root/jdk118. Install the IBM Developer Kit for
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Java by issuing the following command as root:
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bash# rpm -ivh IBMJava118-SDK-1.1.8-5.0-i386.rpm
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5. After successful installation of the IBM Developer Kit you need to copy
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libjitc.so to the /lib directory:
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bash# cp /usr/jdk118/lib/linux/native_threads/libjitc.so /lib
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6. You can uninstall the IBM Developer Kit with Software or Package
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Manager to clean things up, but consider keeping the rpm file
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IBMJava118-SDK-1.1.8-5.0-i386.rpm. You may decide later that JDK 1.1.8 is
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something you want to install (for example, it's necessary for using the
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IBM DB2 UDB V7.x Linux Control Center).
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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3.2. SuSE 7.3 Professional
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Domino for Linux will need to be able to find a certain file with filename
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libjitc.so. This required file is absent from SuSE 7.3 Professional. You will
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be unable to work correctly with the Agent Manager and Statistic Agent if you
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ignore this section of mini-HOWTO.
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1. To find out if it is absent, you can use the locate command. First,
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issue the following command at the command prompt (log in as "root"):
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bash# updatedb
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|
|
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|
|
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This command searches the hard drive and updates a database for the
|
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locate command in use. It can take a few minutes to run, but probably it
|
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will take only 20-30 seconds or so. Then issue the command:
|
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bash# locate libjitc.so
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If libjitc.so is on your hard drive somewhere, locate will find it and
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list where it is. If not, locate will list nothing. If libjitc.so is
|
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|
already there, it is probably already in your search path, until you get
|
|||
|
an error trying to work with Agent Manager and Statistic Agent indicating
|
|||
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otherwise, just assume it is. If you do not have libjitc.so, you will
|
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need to get it separately; it is not included as a part of the Domino for
|
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Linux package.
|
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|
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The file libjitc.so is included as a part of the IBM Developer Kit for
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Linux, which is IBM's port of Sun's JDK (Java Development Kit) 1.3 to
|
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Linux/x86. libjitc.so is the Java "Just-In-Time" compiler. The reason
|
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that this file is absent from SuSE 7.3 is that this Linux distribution
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comes with a different Java package named Java 2 SDK, Standard Edition.
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2. Install IBM Developer Kit version 1.3 with YaST2 control center. IBM
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Developer Kit is located on one of the seven SuSE 7.3 Professional
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installation CD-ROMs.
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3. After successful installation of the IBM Developer Kit, you need to
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copy libjitc.so to /lib:
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bash# cp /usr/lib/jdk1.3/jre/bin/libjitc.so /lib
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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4. Installing Domino R5
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4.1. Mandrake Linux 8.1
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1. Log in as "root". Open a terminal session. Add a user and group to your
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system called notes:
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bash# adduser notes
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2. Give this new user a password by entering:
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bash# passwd notes
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3. Mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the Lotus
|
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Domino R5 package:
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bash# /mnt/cdrom/dom509ux/linux/install
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The install program displays a series of screens about the IBM Lotus
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license agreement. Use the TAB key to accept a setting and advance to the
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next screen, the ESC key to back up to the previous screen, the space bar
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to toggle through possible choices other than the default, and ENTER to
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edit a text field.
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4. Select a setup type. Choose Domino Mail Server, Domino Application
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Server, or Domino Enterprise Server and press TAB.
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5. Select the program file location. The default is /opt/lotus. Make sure
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you have enough space. The installed files in the program directory are
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approximately 70 MB. If you select a program directory other than /opt/
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lotus, then a soft link will be created from your program directory to /
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opt/lotus so that commands may be executed from that path.
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6. Indicate if you plan a number of Domino servers on the current physical
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machine. The default is No.
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7. Select the data file location. The default is /local/notesdata. If you
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do not have a large root partition it will not work. If so, change the
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directory to /usr/local/notesdata. If you ignore this during installation
|
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process, later you will get an error like this one:
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Error validation settings:
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There is not enough disk space for the data directory at /local/notesdata
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125889K is required, and only 95370K would be available.
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Make sure you have enough space.
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The installed files in the data directory are approximately 160 MB.
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8. Select the user and group for this server. Choose the default that you
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set up earlier (notes in the example).
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9. The install program displays the settings you selected. Use the TAB key
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to accept these settings and begin the installation, or press the ESC key
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to back up to change any settings. The install program will then begin
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installing the files.
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10. During installation process you may see the warning:
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The following system commands were not located: rsh.
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|||
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It does not influence the local server installation.
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|||
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|||
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11. After successful installation, this message will be displayed among
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|||
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others:
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|||
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The installation completed successfully.
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|||
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|||
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|||
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-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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|||
|
4.2. SuSE 7.3 Professional
|
|||
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|
|||
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1. Log in as "root." Open a terminal session. Add a user and group to your
|
|||
|
system called notes:
|
|||
|
bash# groupadd notes
|
|||
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bash# useradd notes -g notes
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
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2. Give this new user a password by entering:
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|||
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bash# passwd notes
|
|||
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|
|||
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|
|||
|
3. Mount the CD-ROM, and enter the following command to install the Lotus
|
|||
|
Domino R5 package:
|
|||
|
bash# /mnt/cdrom/dom509ux/linux/install
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The install program displays a series of screens about the IBM Lotus
|
|||
|
license agreement. Use the TAB key to accept a setting and advance to the
|
|||
|
next screen, the ESC key to back up to the previous screen, the space bar
|
|||
|
to toggle through possible choices other than the default, and ENTER to
|
|||
|
edit a text field.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. Select a setup type. Choose Domino Mail Server, Domino Application
|
|||
|
Server, or Domino Enterprise Server and press TAB.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. Select the program file location. The default is /opt/lotus. Make sure
|
|||
|
you have enough space. The installed files in the program directory are
|
|||
|
approximately 70 MB. If you select a program directory other than /opt/
|
|||
|
lotus, then a soft link will be created from your program directory to /
|
|||
|
opt/lotus so that commands may be executed from that path.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. Indicate if you plan a number of Domino servers on the current physical
|
|||
|
machine. The default is No.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7. Select the data file location. The default is /local/notesdata. It
|
|||
|
works perfectly. Make sure your have enough space. The installed files in
|
|||
|
the data directory are approximately 160 MB.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8. Select the user and group for this server. Choose the default that you
|
|||
|
set up earlier (notes in the example).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9. The install program displays the settings you selected. Use the TAB key
|
|||
|
to accept these settings and begin the installation, or press the ESC key
|
|||
|
to back up to change any settings. The install program will then begin
|
|||
|
installing the files.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
10. After successful installation, this message will be displayed among
|
|||
|
others:
|
|||
|
The installation completed successfully.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
4.3. For all Linux distributions
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4.3.1. Run the Domino Server Setup program
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Log on to Linux as the user you established earlier (notes in the
|
|||
|
example).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. Change to the directory /usr/local/notesdata (/local/notesdata for
|
|||
|
SuSE) by entering:
|
|||
|
bash# cd /
|
|||
|
bash# cd /usr/local/notesdata
|
|||
|
and then enter the following:
|
|||
|
bash# /opt/lotus/bin/http httpsetup
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. A series of messages indicate the start of the Domino server. For
|
|||
|
example:
|
|||
|
05/09/2002 8:39:09 PM Created new log file as
|
|||
|
/usr/local/notesdata/log.nsf
|
|||
|
05/09/2002 8:39:09 PM
|
|||
|
***************************************
|
|||
|
* Lotus Domino Server Setup *
|
|||
|
* To setup this server, please connect*
|
|||
|
* your web browser to port 8081 *
|
|||
|
* Example: http://example.com:8081 *
|
|||
|
***************************************
|
|||
|
05/09/2002 8:39:09 AM JVM: Java Virtual Machine initialized.
|
|||
|
05/09/2002 8:39:10 AM HTTP Web Server started
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
4.3.2. Continuing setup and configuration
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. You begin the configuration process by connecting to your Linux server
|
|||
|
with a Web browser, either from an external machine, or the Linux
|
|||
|
machine.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To perform setup from another machine, enter:
|
|||
|
http://example.com:8081
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To perform setup from the Linux machine, enter:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
http://localhost:8081
|
|||
|
or
|
|||
|
http://linux:8081
|
|||
|
for SuSE 7.3 Professional.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
where example.com is either the IP address or DNS name of your Linux
|
|||
|
server. At this point, the standard Domino configuration screens are
|
|||
|
displayed in your browser. Follow the instructions on these screens and
|
|||
|
click the Finish button on the final screen to complete the initial
|
|||
|
configuration. Online help is available on each of these screens.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. The HTTP Setup program will have created SERVER.ID and CERT.ID files in
|
|||
|
/usr/local/notesdata. The USER.ID file is attached to a person document
|
|||
|
in NAMES.NSF.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
4.3.3. Starting the Domino Server
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Before starting your Domino server, make sure no other Web server is
|
|||
|
running because it will block the Domino HTTP task from operating correctly,
|
|||
|
and you will be unable to use a Web browser to administer your server after
|
|||
|
the initial setup.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Log on to Linux as the user you established earlier (notes in the
|
|||
|
example).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. From the /usr/local/notesdata directory (/local/notesdata for SuSE),
|
|||
|
enter:
|
|||
|
bash# /opt/lotus/bin/server
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The server starts and the usual server console messages appear.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
4.3.4. Extracting your administrator ID file
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Before you can perform any more administration on your Domino for Linux
|
|||
|
server, you will need to extract the administrator ID file and move it to the
|
|||
|
machine you plan to use for administration.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. After the HTTP Web Server task has started, switch to your
|
|||
|
administration machine and use a Web browser to connect to your new
|
|||
|
server:
|
|||
|
http://example.com
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
where example.com is either the IP address or DNS name of your Linux
|
|||
|
server. The default Lotus Domino navigator screen displays.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. Now open the address book by entering:
|
|||
|
http://example.com/names.nsf
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. Click to the People view and open the Person document for the
|
|||
|
administrator you created earlier and download the USER.ID file to your
|
|||
|
administration machine. If you are using a Netscape browser, you may have
|
|||
|
to rename the id file to USER.ID.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
5. Resources
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lotus Developer Domain: The Documentation Library
|
|||
|
This web site contains white papers, redbooks, FAQs etc., published by
|
|||
|
IBM about Lotus Domino/Notes.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lotus Developer Domain: Downloads
|
|||
|
You can download a 90-day trial version of Domino/Notes and other Lotus
|
|||
|
products here.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Lotus Developer Domain: Domino for Linux Feedback Forum
|
|||
|
Very useful, but archived Lotus Domino for Linux Feedback Forum.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
HOWTO Install Lotus Domino Server 5.0.9 on Caldera OpenLinux '99 Server
|
|||
|
Release 3.1.1
|
|||
|
This HOWTO explains how to install Domino Server on the Caldera
|
|||
|
OpenLinux Server3.1.1.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
[http://advisor.com] Advisor Magazine
|
|||
|
Advisor presents the unmatched advice of top experts in a full range of
|
|||
|
media, including magazines, journals, e-mail newsletters, conferences,
|
|||
|
seminars, workshops, CDs, on-site training, and dozens of Web sites. The
|
|||
|
expertise presented by Advisor comes from hard-won hands-on involvement
|
|||
|
with the leading technology products (as Lotus Domino/Notes) and
|
|||
|
services, and technical and business practices.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
SearchDomino.com: The Domino Specific Search Engine
|
|||
|
It's a Domino Specific Search Engine. Recommended for all Lotus Domino/
|
|||
|
Notes newbies.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
6. GNU Free Documentation License
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Version 1.1, March 2000
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite
|
|||
|
330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and
|
|||
|
distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is
|
|||
|
not allowed.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
0. PREAMBLE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written
|
|||
|
document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective
|
|||
|
freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either
|
|||
|
commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
|
|||
|
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being
|
|||
|
considered responsible for modifications made by others.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of
|
|||
|
the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the
|
|||
|
GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free
|
|||
|
software.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
|||
|
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
|
|||
|
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does.
|
|||
|
But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any
|
|||
|
textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a
|
|||
|
printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose
|
|||
|
is instruction or reference.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice
|
|||
|
placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms
|
|||
|
of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.
|
|||
|
Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you".
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document
|
|||
|
or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or
|
|||
|
translated into another language.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the
|
|||
|
Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or
|
|||
|
authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related
|
|||
|
matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall
|
|||
|
subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics,
|
|||
|
a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could
|
|||
|
be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related
|
|||
|
matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political
|
|||
|
position regarding them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are
|
|||
|
designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says
|
|||
|
that the Document is released under this License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as
|
|||
|
Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the
|
|||
|
Document is released under this License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
|||
|
represented in a format whose specification is available to the general
|
|||
|
public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and
|
|||
|
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
|
|||
|
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
|
|||
|
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
|
|||
|
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
|
|||
|
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup
|
|||
|
has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers
|
|||
|
is not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
|
|||
|
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a
|
|||
|
publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for
|
|||
|
human modification. Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary
|
|||
|
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML
|
|||
|
or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available,
|
|||
|
and the machine-generated HTML produced by some word processors for output
|
|||
|
purposes only.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such
|
|||
|
following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License
|
|||
|
requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have
|
|||
|
any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent
|
|||
|
appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the
|
|||
|
text.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially
|
|||
|
or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and
|
|||
|
the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced
|
|||
|
in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of
|
|||
|
this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
|
|||
|
reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you
|
|||
|
may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large
|
|||
|
enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may
|
|||
|
publicly display copies.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and
|
|||
|
the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
|||
|
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
|
|||
|
Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover.
|
|||
|
Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of
|
|||
|
these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of
|
|||
|
the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
|
|||
|
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as
|
|||
|
they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be
|
|||
|
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you
|
|||
|
should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
|
|||
|
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
|
|||
|
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along
|
|||
|
with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
|
|||
|
publicly-accessible computer-network location containing a complete
|
|||
|
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general
|
|||
|
network-using public has access to download anonymously at no charge using
|
|||
|
public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must
|
|||
|
take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies
|
|||
|
in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible
|
|||
|
at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you
|
|||
|
distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of
|
|||
|
that edition to the public.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
|
|||
|
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them
|
|||
|
a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. MODIFICATIONS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
|
|||
|
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified
|
|||
|
Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the
|
|||
|
role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the
|
|||
|
Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do
|
|||
|
these things in the Modified Version:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from
|
|||
|
that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should,
|
|||
|
if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You
|
|||
|
may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of
|
|||
|
that version gives permission.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
|
|||
|
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version,
|
|||
|
together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all
|
|||
|
of its principal authors, if it has less than five).
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
|
|||
|
Version, as the publisher.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
|
|||
|
the other copyright notices.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving
|
|||
|
the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this
|
|||
|
License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and
|
|||
|
required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an
|
|||
|
item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the
|
|||
|
Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section
|
|||
|
entitled "History" in the Document, create one stating the title, year,
|
|||
|
authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then
|
|||
|
add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous
|
|||
|
sentence.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public
|
|||
|
access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network
|
|||
|
locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on.
|
|||
|
These may be placed in the "History" section. You may omit a network
|
|||
|
location for a work that was published at least four years before the
|
|||
|
Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to
|
|||
|
gives permission.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the
|
|||
|
section's title, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone
|
|||
|
of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given
|
|||
|
therein.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their
|
|||
|
text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not
|
|||
|
considered part of the section titles.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be
|
|||
|
included in the Modified Version.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in
|
|||
|
title with any Invariant Section.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that
|
|||
|
qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
|
|||
|
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as
|
|||
|
invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in
|
|||
|
the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any
|
|||
|
other section titles.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing
|
|||
|
but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example,
|
|||
|
statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an
|
|||
|
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
|
|||
|
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
|
|||
|
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and
|
|||
|
one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any
|
|||
|
one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover,
|
|||
|
previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are
|
|||
|
acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
|
|||
|
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old
|
|||
|
one.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
|
|||
|
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
|
|||
|
endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
|||
|
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
|
|||
|
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of
|
|||
|
all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant
|
|||
|
Sections of your combined work in its license notice.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
|
|||
|
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are
|
|||
|
multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make
|
|||
|
the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
|
|||
|
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if
|
|||
|
known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
|
|||
|
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
|
|||
|
combined work.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the
|
|||
|
various original documents, forming one section entitled "History"; likewise
|
|||
|
combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled
|
|||
|
"Dedications". You must delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
|
|||
|
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
|
|||
|
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the
|
|||
|
collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
|
|||
|
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it
|
|||
|
individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License
|
|||
|
into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects
|
|||
|
regarding verbatim copying of that document.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
|
|||
|
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
|||
|
distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the
|
|||
|
Document, provided no compilation copyright is claimed for the compilation.
|
|||
|
Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply
|
|||
|
to the other self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account
|
|||
|
of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves derivative works of
|
|||
|
the Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of
|
|||
|
the Document, then if the Document is less than one quarter of the entire
|
|||
|
aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround
|
|||
|
only the Document within the aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers
|
|||
|
around the whole aggregate.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8. TRANSLATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
|
|||
|
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
|
|||
|
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their
|
|||
|
copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant
|
|||
|
Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections.
|
|||
|
You may include a translation of this License provided that you also include
|
|||
|
the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
|
|||
|
between the translation and the original English version of this License, the
|
|||
|
original English version will prevail.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9. TERMINATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
|
|||
|
expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify,
|
|||
|
sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically
|
|||
|
terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received
|
|||
|
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses
|
|||
|
terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
|
|||
|
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
|
|||
|
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address
|
|||
|
new problems or concerns. See [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/] http://
|
|||
|
www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the
|
|||
|
Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any
|
|||
|
later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and
|
|||
|
conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has
|
|||
|
been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
|
|||
|
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose
|
|||
|
any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|||
|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
How to use this License for your documents
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
|
|||
|
License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices
|
|||
|
just after the title page:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute
|
|||
|
and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation
|
|||
|
License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software
|
|||
|
Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
|
|||
|
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. A
|
|||
|
copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
|
|||
|
Documentation License".
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you have no Invariant Sections, write "with no Invariant Sections" instead
|
|||
|
of saying which ones are invariant. If you have no Front-Cover Texts, write
|
|||
|
"no Front-Cover Texts" instead of "Front-Cover Texts being LIST"; likewise
|
|||
|
for Back-Cover Texts.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend
|
|||
|
releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software
|
|||
|
license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free
|
|||
|
software.
|