348 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
348 lines
5.6 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<HTML
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><HEAD
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><TITLE
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>The command-line history</TITLE
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><META
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NAME="GENERATOR"
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CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.7"><LINK
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REL="HOME"
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TITLE="GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary"
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HREF="index.html"><LINK
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REL="UP"
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TITLE="Shell Tips"
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HREF="shell-tips.html"><LINK
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REL="PREVIOUS"
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TITLE="General Shell Tips"
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HREF="general-shell-tips.html"><LINK
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REL="NEXT"
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TITLE="Other Key combinations"
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HREF="other-key-combinations.html"></HEAD
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><BODY
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CLASS="SECT1"
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BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"
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TEXT="#000000"
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LINK="#0000FF"
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VLINK="#840084"
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ALINK="#0000FF"
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVHEADER"
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><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Header navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TH
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COLSPAN="3"
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ALIGN="center"
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>GNU/Linux Command-Line Tools Summary</TH
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="general-shell-tips.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="80%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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>Chapter 4. Shell Tips</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="10%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="bottom"
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><A
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HREF="other-key-combinations.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><H1
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CLASS="SECT1"
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><A
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NAME="THE-COMMAND-LINE-HISTORY"
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></A
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>4.2. The command-line history</H1
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><P
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></P
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><DIV
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CLASS="VARIABLELIST"
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><DL
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><DT
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>Using<6E>the<68>command<6E>history</DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Use the up and down key's to scroll through previously typed commands. Press [Enter] to execute them or use the left and right arrow keys to edit the command first. Also see <EM
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>history</EM
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> (below).</P
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></DD
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><DT
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>The<68>history<72>command</DT
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><DD
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><P
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>The<EM
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> history </EM
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> command can be used to list Bash's log of the commands you have typed:</P
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><P
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>This log is called the “history”. To access it type:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>history n</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>This will only list the last <EM
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>n</EM
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> commands. Type “history” (without options) to see the the entire history list.</P
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><P
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>You can also type <EM
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>!n</EM
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> to execute command number n. Use <EM
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>!!</EM
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> to execute the last command you typed.</P
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><P
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><EM
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>!-n </EM
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>will execute the command n times before (in other words <EM
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>!-1</EM
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> is equivalent to <EM
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>!!</EM
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>). </P
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><P
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><EM
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>!string </EM
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>will execute the last command starting with that “string” and <EM
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>!?string?</EM
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> will execute the last command containing the word “string”. For example:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>!cd</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>Will re-run the command that you last typed starting with “cd”.</P
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><P
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></P
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><P
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><EM
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>“ commandName !*”</EM
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> will execute the “commandName” with any arguments you used on your last command. This maybe useful if you make a spelling mistake, for example. If you typed:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>emasc /home/fred/mywork.java /tmp/testme.java</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>In an attempt to execute emacs on the above two files this will obviously fail. So what you can do is type:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>emacs !*</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>This will execute emacs with the arguments that you last typed on the command-line. In other words this is equivalent to typing:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>emacs /home/fred/mywork.java /tmp/testme.java</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DD
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><DT
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>Searching<6E>through<67>the<68>Command<6E>History<72>(
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>CTRL</B
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>-<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>R</B
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>
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)</DT
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><DD
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><P
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>Use the CTRL-R key to perform a “reverse-i-search”. For example, if you wanted to use the command you used the last time you used <EM
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>snort</EM
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>, you would type:</P
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><P
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><B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>CTRL</B
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>-<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>R</B
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> then type “snort”.</P
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><P
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>What you will see in the console window is:</P
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><TABLE
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BORDER="1"
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BGCOLOR="#E0E0E0"
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WIDTH="90%"
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><TR
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><TD
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><FONT
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COLOR="#000000"
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><PRE
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CLASS="SCREEN"
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>(reverse-i-search)`':</PRE
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></FONT
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></TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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><P
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>After you have typed what you are looking for, use the
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>CTRL</B
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>-<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>R</B
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>
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key combination to scroll backward through the history. </P
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><P
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>Use
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<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>CTRL</B
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>-<B
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CLASS="KEYCAP"
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>R</B
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>
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repeatedly to find every reference to the string you've entered. Once you've found the command you're looking for, use [Enter] to execute it. </P
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><P
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>Alternatively, using the right or left arrow keys will place the command on an actual command-line so you can edit it.</P
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><P
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></P
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></DD
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></DL
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></DIV
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></DIV
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><DIV
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CLASS="NAVFOOTER"
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><HR
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ALIGN="LEFT"
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WIDTH="100%"><TABLE
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SUMMARY="Footer navigation table"
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WIDTH="100%"
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BORDER="0"
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CELLPADDING="0"
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CELLSPACING="0"
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="general-shell-tips.html"
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ACCESSKEY="P"
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>Prev</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="index.html"
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ACCESSKEY="H"
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>Home</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="other-key-combinations.html"
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ACCESSKEY="N"
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>Next</A
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></TD
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></TR
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><TR
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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ALIGN="left"
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VALIGN="top"
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>General Shell Tips</TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="34%"
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ALIGN="center"
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VALIGN="top"
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><A
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HREF="shell-tips.html"
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ACCESSKEY="U"
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>Up</A
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></TD
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><TD
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WIDTH="33%"
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|||
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ALIGN="right"
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VALIGN="top"
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>Other Key combinations</TD
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></TR
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></TABLE
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></DIV
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></BODY
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></HTML
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>
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