1021 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
1021 lines
45 KiB
Plaintext
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Linux Installfest HOWTO
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Eric (AKA Rick) Meyerhoff
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<rick-at-eworld3-dot-net>
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2004-06-01
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Revision History
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Revision 1.6 2012-01-01 Revised by: EM
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Annual review and update. Removed references to modems, floppy disks,
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floppy drives. Updated the GNU Free Documentation License to Version
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1.3.
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Revision 1.5 2011-01-06 Revised by: EM
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Annual review and update.
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Revision 1.4 2010-01-01 Revised by: EM
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Annual review and update. Just changed the copyright date.
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Revision 1.3 2006-12-31 Revised by: EM
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Annual review and update. Just changed the copyright date and added
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AKA.
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Revision 1.2 2006-04-12 Revised by: EM
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Added the Translations section, corrected the section number
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references in the license and removed the reference to the defunct
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www.installfest.org.
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Revision 1.1 2004-09-04 Revised by: EM
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Added obfuscated email address.
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Revision 1.0 2004-06-01 Revised by: EM
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Initial release. Thanks to Tabatha "CTRL-I" Marshall for all her
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encouragement.
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This document provides some guidelines that should help you run a
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successful installfest.
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________________________________________________________________
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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction
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1.1. Copyright and License
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1.2. Scope
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1.3. Version
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1.4. Translations
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1.5. Disclaimer
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2. Roles
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3. Before, During and After
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3.1. Before (preparation)
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3.2. During (on the day of the installfest)
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3.3. After (lessons learned)
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A. Sample Forms
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A.1. Data Sheet
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A.2. Legal Protection
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B. Useful Web Sites
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C. GNU Free Documentation License
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1. Introduction
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This document provides some guidelines that should help you run a
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successful installfest. For purposes of this document, an installfest
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is a gathering at which experienced Linux users assist less
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experienced users with the installation and configuration of Linux
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distributions, and where Linux users can bring Linux systems to
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receive assistance with system problem remediation.
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Please take from this document whatever you want. It is meant to be a
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guide, not a recipe that must be followed exactly to have a
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successful installfest. Any installfest where most of the people
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leave happy is a successful event.
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________________________________________________________________
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1.1. Copyright and License
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Copyright (c) 2003 through 2012 Eric Meyerhoff. Permission is granted
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to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of
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the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
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published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant
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Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of
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the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free
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Documentation License".
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________________________________________________________________
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1.2. Scope
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In order to limit the scope of this document, there are some issues
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that will not be covered:
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* While other activities may occur at the same time and in roughly
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the same location as an installfest, they will not be considered
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part of the installfest for the purposes of this document.
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* This document does not include any discussion of technical issues
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related to the installation of any Linux distribution.
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* This document does not currently contain any discussion of
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installfest server or network configuration, although such a
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discussion may be added to this document in the future. It may be
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more appropriate for such information to be contained in a
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separate HOWTO.
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* This document does not contain any discussion of new user
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education.
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________________________________________________________________
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1.3. Version
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The current version of this document can be found at The Linux
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Documentation Project (http://www.tldp.org)
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________________________________________________________________
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1.4. Translations
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You are welcome to translate this document into another language but
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please see the TRANSLATIONS section of the license for information
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regarding your responsibilities.
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Also, please work with the helpful and kind people at The Linux
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Documentation Project (http://www.tldp.org) so that you can
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contribute your translation to the project.
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________________________________________________________________
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1.5. Disclaimer
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No liability for the contents of this document can be accepted. Use
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the concepts, examples and information at your own risk. There may be
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errors and inaccuracies, that could be damaging to your system.
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Proceed with caution, and although it is highly unlikely that
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accidents will happen because of following advice or procedures
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described in this document, the author(s) take no responsibility for
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damage claimed to be caused by doing so.
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All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
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specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document should
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not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service
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mark. Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as
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endorsements.
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________________________________________________________________
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2. Roles
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People involved in an installfest will assume one or more of the
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following roles
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coordinator
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contact for all other participants
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host
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has the connection to the location
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sponsor
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represents an organization that provides the location,
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equipment, network, materials, food, beverages, etc. to the
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installfest
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user
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needs assistance installing a Linux distribution or solving a
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specific problem
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receptionist
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+ greets people as they come in, gives them a name tag and has
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them sign a waiver
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+ can direct people to the restrooms, the nearest computer
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store
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+ orders food and beverages
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tier 1 support
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people who are knowledgeable about Linux and are willing to
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share their knowledge and provide hands-on assistance to users
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tier 2 support
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sets up and maintains network hardware and services (DNS,
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DHCP), mirrors of Linux distributions
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________________________________________________________________
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3. Before, During and After
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This HOWTO has three sections for things you should think about or do
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before, during and after the day of the installfest. It is assumed
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that you will be having installfests periodically and hopefully
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regularly.
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________________________________________________________________
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3.1. Before (preparation)
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3.1.1. date, time and duration
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In order to reach the most people, fests should be held on both
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weekends and weekdays. The time of day is not as important as the
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duration of the fest, which should be 6 to 10 hours. Here is why:
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* some people will not be able to arrive when the fest starts
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* it takes time to get systems moved in, connected, disconnected
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and moved out of the working area
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* making sub-systems like sound, printers and other peripherals
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function properly sometimes takes as long as a Linux installation
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* some people want to get some life out of older CPUs but OS
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installation takes longer on slower machines
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________________________________________________________________
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3.1.2. location
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Make sure that the place where your installfest will be held has:
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strong tables
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Each table may have to hold multiple monitors and computers.
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restrooms
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chairs
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People will want to sit down since they will be at the fest
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for several hours.
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Internet access
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Some people will want to know that they can access the
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Internet from their computer. Some people will need to
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download drivers or other software. A lot of helpful
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information is available on the Net. There is a list of Web
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sites at the end of this document.
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an address that is easy to find
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A map and simple directions will help.
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an easy way to get hardware in and out
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How will people bring their hardware from their cars to the
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installation room? Are carts and elevators available?
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sufficient AC power
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Try to make sure that you have enough power for the number of
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computers that you expect people to bring. You do not want
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people to suddenly lose power because one person too many
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turned on his or her computer.
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How much power does a computer need? Laptops need about 0.5
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amps. For a desktop/tower/workstation type of computer the
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amount of power needed depends on the monitor, number of disk
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drives, etc. Basically though, if everything is connected to
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one power strip, then they need at most 3 to 4 amps at the
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moment that the power is turned on and 1.5 to 2 amps while
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they are running.
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You should try to have access to the circuit breakers either
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directly or through readily available maintenance staff.
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If you are lucky you will be able to make arrangements to regularly
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hold installfests at a few locations that meet your needs. If
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possible you should hold your fests at a variety of locations such as
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technical colleges, universities and businesses because Linux is for
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everyone.
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________________________________________________________________
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3.1.3. administration
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Linux distributions (distros)
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Make sure that you will have several copies of the latest
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versions of the major Linux distributions available on CD. To
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learn which distributions to make available, please do a
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little research on the Web sites listed in the appendix of
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this document.
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installfest server
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You may want to consider setting up a server for:
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+ DNS
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+ DHCP
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+ mirrors of distributions
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You should provide multiple methods of accessing the
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distributions on the server:
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+ FTP
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+ rcp
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+ HTTP
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+ CD burning
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+ NFS
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In order to conserve disk space you can create a virtual
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CD-ROM jukebox. See Randolph J. Tata's "CDServer-HOWTO"
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([http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/]
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http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/) and Jeremy Impson's article
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"Build a Virtual CD-ROM Jukebox" (
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http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5639 ) for more
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information.
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Hopefully someone will create a new Linux distribution to make
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it easy to set up such a server.
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name tags
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Something similar to the classic "hello my name is:" stickers.
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misc. office supplies
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You may want to make some of the following items available:
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scratch paper, ball-point pens, sharpies, scissors, stapler,
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duct tape, packing tape, blank CD-R media.
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advertising
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People will need to know:
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+ when and where the installfest will be held
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+ what to expect: waiver, soft drinks, pizza
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+ that if they wish to install a Linux distribution should
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bring every part of their computer system: monitor,
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keyboard, mouse, speakers, USB devices, power strip. Support
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people will need all the components to make sure everything
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is functioning properly.
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+ that they may want to bring blank CD-R media to trade for
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copies of distributions on CD-R (they should determine the
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number of disks needed for each distribution)
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Here are some places to consider advertising:
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+ local computer user Web sites
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+ local news media
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+ local computer retail stores
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minimum system requirements
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Some people will want to install Linux on very old/slow
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systems in an attempt to make them usable. This is OK, but
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there are limitations. Please look at the distributions area
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of [http://www.linux.org] www.linux.org for minimalist
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distributions. You may want to include minimum system
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requirements in your installfest advertisement so that people
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do not show up with an old machine, hoping to turn it into a
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power-house but leave disappointed.
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networking equipment
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someone will need to bring network switches and cables
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signage
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You should have a few signs posted to help people find their
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way around the location and provide other information. Some
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examples are:
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+ main entrance: So people know that they have found the right
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location.
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+ reception desk: People will need to find the reception desk
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from the main entrance.
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+ installation room: People will need to know how to get to
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the installation from the reception desk.
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+ rest rooms
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+ networking information
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food and beverages
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Due to the duration of an installfest you should consider the
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availability of food and drink.
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Pizza usually works out well. Tell people that you will be
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collecting a specific amount of money at the door for pizza.
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If they do not want to share some pizza, then they do not need
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to pay. In order to know who has paid, use an ink stamp to
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mark their hand. Do not forget paper plates and napkins.
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If there are no vending machines at the location you may want
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to provide soft drinks, including water and possibly coffee
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during the fest. If you do provide drinks, you should consider
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selling them at cost.
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________________________________________________________________
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3.2. During (on the day of the installfest)
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1. before the starting time
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The people who run the fest need to be at the location at least
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one hour before the fest is to begin. They will need time to set
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up the network, installfest server, power system, signage, etc.
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2. at the door/reception
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Depending on how you have decided to operate your fest, the
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receptionist will:
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+ ask users to sign a waiver
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+ ask users to fill out a data sheet
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+ ask all attendees to contribute money for food and/or drinks
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+ give all attendees name tags
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3. during
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Since you are using this HOWTO, everything will work out fine.
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People should understand that it is OK to ask around for help.
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4. after the fest is finished
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Make sure that all areas are cleaned up because you may want to
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use the location again and you do not want to give the location
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owner a bad impression. Look for: items people have forgotten,
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items that people brought as "give aways", drink cans and cups.
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________________________________________________________________
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3.3. After (lessons learned)
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We would like to continually improve this document and everyone's
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installfest experience, so please share with us:
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* what went wrong?
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* what went well?
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* new ideas?
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* How this document helped or hindered you.
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________________________________________________________________
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A. Sample Forms
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A.1. Data Sheet
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This data sheet is intended to be filled out by users when they
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arrive at the reception area.
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Installfest Data Sheet
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This form is for your benefit! It will help you and anyone who works
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on your computer to make reasonable decisions. Please complete one
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form per computer. If you don't know the answer now, just wait until
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you do.
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Your name: ______________________________________________________
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CPU type: __________________________________ speed: ________
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megahertz / gigahertz
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RAM: _________ megabytes
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Hard drive 1: ______gigabytes/terabytes 2: ______gigabytes/terabytes
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3: ______gigabytes/terabytes 4: ______gigabytes/terabytes
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Video card: ____________________________
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Monitor: ______________________________
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Sound card: __________________________________________
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Does this computer have (circle all that apply):
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* CD or CD-RW drive
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* DVD drive
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* Blu-ray drive
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* network interface
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* printer
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* other: _________________________________________
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Which of these do you want to do:
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1. Install Linux:
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What distribution? ____________________________
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Do you need disks? Yes / No
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2. Fix one or more specific problems with an installation of Linux:
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What distribution is installed? __________________
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List the software tool(s) and/or hardware that you need help
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fixing: __________________________________________
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3. Other, please explain:____________________________
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|||
|
Do you want to (circle one):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Dual-boot Linux and an already-installed OS?
|
|||
|
What is the name of other O.S.? ______________________
|
|||
|
2. Install Linux as the only O.S.?
|
|||
|
3. Install multiple Linux distributions?
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What do you want to use the computer for? (circle all that apply)
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* Internet access and usage
|
|||
|
* learn Linux
|
|||
|
* firewall
|
|||
|
* server
|
|||
|
* writing documents
|
|||
|
* music/image storage
|
|||
|
* other (please explain):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
What is your skill level with (circle all that apply):
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. Linux/Unix:
|
|||
|
first-timer
|
|||
|
rookie beginner
|
|||
|
intermediate
|
|||
|
advanced
|
|||
|
guru
|
|||
|
2. computer hardware:
|
|||
|
first-timer
|
|||
|
rookie beginner
|
|||
|
intermediate
|
|||
|
advanced
|
|||
|
guru
|
|||
|
3. ______________________ :
|
|||
|
first-timer
|
|||
|
rookie beginner
|
|||
|
intermediate
|
|||
|
advanced
|
|||
|
guru
|
|||
|
________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A.2. Legal Protection
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may want to consider having users sign some kind of agreement
|
|||
|
before any work is performed on their systems. Such a document will
|
|||
|
make it clear to users exactly what they can and cannot expect from
|
|||
|
the installfest.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you do decide to use one of these documents, please have it
|
|||
|
reviewed by a lawyer in your area.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you do have an agreement approved by a lawyer, please contribute
|
|||
|
to the Linux community by sending a copy to the lead author of this
|
|||
|
HOWTO so that it may be included in future versions.
|
|||
|
________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A.2.1. Release
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The following is a significantly modified version of a form posted on
|
|||
|
David Pitts's Web site.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
INSTALLFEST RELEASE FORM
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By signing this release agreement between you and the group holding
|
|||
|
the installfest (members of the __________________________ Linux
|
|||
|
User's Group, hereinafter referred to as Installers), you give up
|
|||
|
certain legal rights. Therefore, you should read the agreement
|
|||
|
carefully. If you have any questions about the legal effect of this
|
|||
|
agreement, you should consult an attorney and not any of the
|
|||
|
Installers. Please be aware that you may not participate in the
|
|||
|
installfest event unless you have signed this agreement. By signing
|
|||
|
this release agreement, you acknowledge the following:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. That your signing this agreement is partial consideration for the
|
|||
|
services provided by Installers.
|
|||
|
2. That Installers do not promise that the work done on your
|
|||
|
computer equipment will be successful. An Installer will help you
|
|||
|
attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the Linux
|
|||
|
operating system to work on your computer equipment. However,
|
|||
|
because of possible defects in computer software or computer
|
|||
|
hardware, including improperly configured computer hardware, not
|
|||
|
every attempt is successful.
|
|||
|
3. That the attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the
|
|||
|
Linux operating system to work on your computer equipment has
|
|||
|
inherent dangers that no amount of care, caution, instruction, or
|
|||
|
expertise can eliminate.
|
|||
|
4. That any attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get the
|
|||
|
Linux operating system to work on your computer equipment,
|
|||
|
especially including any attempt to partition or re-partition
|
|||
|
your computer's hard drive, may result in the loss of some or all
|
|||
|
of the data stored on that hard drive. That you are hereby
|
|||
|
advised that you should back up all important data before the
|
|||
|
attempt to install, configure or otherwise get the Linux
|
|||
|
operating system to work on your computer equipment.
|
|||
|
5. That an installfest is an inherently chaotic event at which many
|
|||
|
computer components, peripherals and systems are present;
|
|||
|
therefore, you are responsible for the security of your property.
|
|||
|
6. That you are expressly assuming the risks of the dangers set
|
|||
|
forth above.
|
|||
|
7. That by signing this release agreement, you hereby forever
|
|||
|
release the Installers from any legal liability they might have
|
|||
|
arising from the attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get
|
|||
|
the Linux operating system to run on your computer equipment.
|
|||
|
That this release includes, but is not limited to, any losses
|
|||
|
caused by the negligence of any Installer who attempts to
|
|||
|
install, configure or otherwise get the Linux operating system to
|
|||
|
work on your computer.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
By signing below, you agree that you understand the terms above:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Your:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
signature: __________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
name: _______________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Witness: signature:
|
|||
|
__________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
name: _______________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________
|
|||
|
________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A.2.2. Waiver
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The following is Copyright 1998 Chris Halsall and the
|
|||
|
[http://www.vlug.org/] Victoria Linux Users Group. Reuse permitted
|
|||
|
for Open Source Software promotion.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Linux InstallFest Waiver
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
I, _______________________________ acknowledge that I am
|
|||
|
participating in the "Linux Install Festival" entirely at my own
|
|||
|
risk. I assume responsibility for the integrity of the data on my
|
|||
|
computer system, have backed up all important data, and I will hold
|
|||
|
the volunteer helpers blameless for any damage to my computer system,
|
|||
|
to my data, or any other damages or liability that may result through
|
|||
|
my participation in this event. I further agree to be responsible for
|
|||
|
any licensing fees, shareware registrations, or other licensing
|
|||
|
requirements that may apply to the software I will receive. The
|
|||
|
purpose of this event is to distribute software packages that are
|
|||
|
Open Source, legally distributable with no charge to the user.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Every reasonable effort will be made to ensure that my system
|
|||
|
operates correctly before and after the installation, but I recognize
|
|||
|
that, because the software installed at this event is licensed free
|
|||
|
of charge, the copyright holder(s) and volunteer helpers and/or other
|
|||
|
parties provide this material "as is" without warranty of any kind,
|
|||
|
either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
|
|||
|
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
|
|||
|
purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of this
|
|||
|
software, and the accuracy of its associated documentation, is with
|
|||
|
me. Should this software or its associated documentation prove
|
|||
|
defective, I assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or
|
|||
|
correction.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Signature: __________________________________ Date: ___________
|
|||
|
________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
B. Useful Web Sites
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
These Web sites may be useful in planning and running an installfest:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
* The Linux Documentation Project (www.tldp.org)
|
|||
|
* [http://www.linux.org] www.linux.org
|
|||
|
* [http://www.distrowatch.com] www.distrowatch.com
|
|||
|
________________________________________________________________
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
C. GNU Free Documentation License
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 [http://www.fsf.org/] Free
|
|||
|
Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
|
|||
|
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
0. PREAMBLE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
|||
|
functional and useful document <20>free<65> in the sense of freedom: to
|
|||
|
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
|||
|
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
|
|||
|
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a
|
|||
|
way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
|
|||
|
responsible for modifications made by others.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This License is a kind of <20>copyleft<66>, which means that derivative
|
|||
|
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
|
|||
|
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
|
|||
|
license designed for free software.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
|
|||
|
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
|
|||
|
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
|
|||
|
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
|
|||
|
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
|
|||
|
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
|
|||
|
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
|
|||
|
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
|
|||
|
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
|
|||
|
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
|
|||
|
work under the conditions stated herein. The <20>Document<6E>, below,
|
|||
|
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
|
|||
|
licensee, and is addressed as <20>you<6F>. You accept the license if you
|
|||
|
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
|
|||
|
under copyright law.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A <20>Modified Version<6F> of the Document means any work containing the
|
|||
|
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
|||
|
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A <20>Secondary Section<6F> is a named appendix or a front-matter section
|
|||
|
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
|||
|
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document<6E>s overall
|
|||
|
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
|
|||
|
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
|
|||
|
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
|
|||
|
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
|
|||
|
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
|
|||
|
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
|
|||
|
them.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The <20>Invariant Sections<6E> are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
|
|||
|
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
|
|||
|
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
|
|||
|
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
|
|||
|
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
|
|||
|
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
|
|||
|
Sections then there are none.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The <20>Cover Texts<74> are certain short passages of text that are listed,
|
|||
|
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
|
|||
|
that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text
|
|||
|
may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25
|
|||
|
words.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A <20>Transparent<6E> copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
|||
|
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
|||
|
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
|
|||
|
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
|
|||
|
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
|
|||
|
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
|
|||
|
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
|
|||
|
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
|
|||
|
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been
|
|||
|
arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers
|
|||
|
is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for
|
|||
|
any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not <20>Transparent<6E> is
|
|||
|
called <20>Opaque<75>.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
|||
|
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
|
|||
|
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
|
|||
|
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
|
|||
|
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
|
|||
|
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
|
|||
|
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
|
|||
|
processing tools are not generally available, and the
|
|||
|
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
|
|||
|
processors for output purposes only.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The <20>Title Page<67> means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
|||
|
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
|
|||
|
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works
|
|||
|
in formats which do not have any title page as such, <20>Title Page<67>
|
|||
|
means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work<72>s
|
|||
|
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The <20>publisher<65> means any person or entity that distributes copies of
|
|||
|
the Document to the public.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A section <20>Entitled XYZ<59> means a named subunit of the Document whose
|
|||
|
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
|
|||
|
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
|
|||
|
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
|
|||
|
<20>Acknowledgements<74>, <20>Dedications<6E>, <20>Endorsements<74>, or <20>History<72>.) To
|
|||
|
<20>Preserve the Title<6C> of such a section when you modify the Document
|
|||
|
means that it remains a section <20>Entitled XYZ<59> according to this
|
|||
|
definition.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
|
|||
|
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
|
|||
|
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
|
|||
|
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
|
|||
|
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
|
|||
|
no effect on the meaning of this License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
|||
|
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
|||
|
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
|
|||
|
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
|
|||
|
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
|
|||
|
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
|
|||
|
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
|
|||
|
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
|
|||
|
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
|
|||
|
you may publicly display copies.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
|
|||
|
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
|
|||
|
Document<6E>s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
|
|||
|
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
|
|||
|
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
|
|||
|
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
|
|||
|
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
|
|||
|
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
|
|||
|
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
|
|||
|
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
|
|||
|
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be
|
|||
|
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
|||
|
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
|||
|
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
|
|||
|
pages.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
|
|||
|
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
|
|||
|
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque
|
|||
|
copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using
|
|||
|
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
|
|||
|
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
|
|||
|
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
|
|||
|
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
|
|||
|
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
|
|||
|
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute
|
|||
|
an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
|
|||
|
edition to the public.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
|
|||
|
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
|
|||
|
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
|
|||
|
Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
4. MODIFICATIONS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
|
|||
|
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
|
|||
|
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
|
|||
|
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
|
|||
|
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
|
|||
|
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
|
|||
|
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
|
|||
|
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
|
|||
|
History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a
|
|||
|
previous version if the original publisher of that version gives
|
|||
|
permission.
|
|||
|
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
|
|||
|
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
|
|||
|
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
|
|||
|
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
|
|||
|
fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
|
|||
|
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
|
|||
|
Version, as the publisher.
|
|||
|
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|||
|
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
|||
|
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
|||
|
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
|
|||
|
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
|
|||
|
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
|
|||
|
Addendum below.
|
|||
|
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
|
|||
|
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document<6E>s license
|
|||
|
notice.
|
|||
|
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|||
|
I. Preserve the section Entitled <20>History<72>, Preserve its Title, and
|
|||
|
add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
|
|||
|
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.
|
|||
|
If there is no section Entitled <20>History<72> in the Document, create
|
|||
|
one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
|
|||
|
Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
|
|||
|
the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
|
|||
|
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
|
|||
|
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
|
|||
|
the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
|
|||
|
it was based on. These may be placed in the <20>History<72> section.
|
|||
|
You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
|
|||
|
least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
|
|||
|
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
|
|||
|
K. For any section Entitled <20>Acknowledgements<74> or <20>Dedications<6E>,
|
|||
|
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
|
|||
|
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
|
|||
|
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
|
|||
|
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
|
|||
|
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
|
|||
|
are not considered part of the section titles.
|
|||
|
M. Delete any section Entitled <20>Endorsements<74>. Such a section may
|
|||
|
not be included in the Modified Version.
|
|||
|
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled <20>Endorsements<74>
|
|||
|
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
|
|||
|
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
|||
|
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
|
|||
|
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
|
|||
|
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to
|
|||
|
the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version<6F>s license
|
|||
|
notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may add a section Entitled <20>Endorsements<74>, provided it contains
|
|||
|
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties
|
|||
|
<20> for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been
|
|||
|
approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
|
|||
|
standard.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and
|
|||
|
a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
|
|||
|
list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
|
|||
|
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
|||
|
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
|
|||
|
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
|
|||
|
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
|
|||
|
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
|
|||
|
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
|
|||
|
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
|
|||
|
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
|
|||
|
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
|
|||
|
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
|
|||
|
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
|
|||
|
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
|
|||
|
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
|||
|
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
|||
|
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
|
|||
|
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
|
|||
|
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
|
|||
|
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
|
|||
|
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
|
|||
|
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled <20>History<72>
|
|||
|
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
|
|||
|
<20>History<72>; likewise combine any sections Entitled <20>Acknowledgements<74>,
|
|||
|
and any sections Entitled <20>Dedications<6E>. You must delete all sections
|
|||
|
Entitled <20>Endorsements<74>.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
|
|||
|
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
|
|||
|
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
|
|||
|
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
|
|||
|
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
|
|||
|
in all other respects.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
|
|||
|
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
|
|||
|
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
|
|||
|
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
|
|||
|
document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
|
|||
|
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
|
|||
|
distribution medium, is called an <20>aggregate<74> if the copyright
|
|||
|
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
|
|||
|
of the compilation<6F>s users beyond what the individual works permit.
|
|||
|
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
|
|||
|
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
|
|||
|
derivative works of the Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
|||
|
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
|
|||
|
the entire aggregate, the Document<6E>s Cover Texts may be placed on
|
|||
|
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
|
|||
|
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
|
|||
|
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
|
|||
|
whole aggregate.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
8. TRANSLATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
|||
|
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
|
|||
|
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
|||
|
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
|||
|
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
|||
|
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
|||
|
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
|||
|
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
|
|||
|
include the original English version of this License and the original
|
|||
|
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement
|
|||
|
between the translation and the original version of this License or a
|
|||
|
notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
If a section in the Document is Entitled <20>Acknowledgements<74>,
|
|||
|
<20>Dedications<6E>, or <20>History<72>, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
|
|||
|
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
|
|||
|
title.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
9. TERMINATION
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
|
|||
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
|
|||
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and
|
|||
|
will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
|
|||
|
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
|
|||
|
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
|
|||
|
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
|
|||
|
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
|
|||
|
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
|
|||
|
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
|
|||
|
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
|
|||
|
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
|
|||
|
copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
|
|||
|
your receipt of the notice.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
|
|||
|
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
|
|||
|
this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
|
|||
|
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material
|
|||
|
does not give you any rights to use it.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
|
|||
|
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
|
|||
|
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
|
|||
|
detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
|||
|
[http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/] Copyleft.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
|
|||
|
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
|
|||
|
License <20>or any later version<6F> applies to it, you have the option of
|
|||
|
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
|
|||
|
or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by
|
|||
|
the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a
|
|||
|
version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
|
|||
|
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
|
|||
|
Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
|
|||
|
this License can be used, that proxy<78>s public statement of acceptance
|
|||
|
of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for
|
|||
|
the Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
11. RELICENSING
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<20>Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site<74> (or <20>MMC Site<74>) means any
|
|||
|
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
|
|||
|
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
|
|||
|
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
|
|||
|
<20>Massive Multiauthor Collaboration<6F> (or <20>MMC<4D>) contained in the site
|
|||
|
means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<20>CC-BY-SA<53> means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
|
|||
|
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
|
|||
|
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
|
|||
|
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
|
|||
|
published by that same organization.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
<20>Incorporate<74> means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
|
|||
|
in part, as part of another Document.
|
|||
|
|
|||
|
An MMC is <20>
|