mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
789 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
789 lines
15 KiB
Plaintext
.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
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.TH "<signal.h>" P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
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.\" <signal.h>
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.SH NAME
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signal.h \- signals
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.LP
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\fB#include <signal.h>\fP
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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Some of the functionality described on this reference page extends
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the ISO\ C standard. Applications shall define
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the appropriate feature test macro (see the System Interfaces volume
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of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 2.2, The Compilation Environment)
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to enable the visibility of these symbols in this
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header.
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.LP
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The \fI<signal.h>\fP header shall define the following symbolic constants,
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each of which expands to a distinct constant
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expression of the type:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBvoid (*)(int)
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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whose value matches no declarable function.
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.TP 7
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SIG_DFL
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Request for default signal handling.
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.TP 7
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SIG_ERR
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Return value from \fIsignal\fP() in case of error.
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.TP 7
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SIG_HOLD
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Request that signal be held.
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.TP 7
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SIG_IGN
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Request that signal be ignored.
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.sp
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.LP
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The following data types shall be defined through \fBtypedef\fP:
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.TP 7
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\fBsig_atomic_t\fP
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Possibly volatile-qualified integer type of an object that can be
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accessed as an atomic entity, even in the presence of
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asynchronous interrupts.
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.TP 7
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\fBsigset_t\fP
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Integer or structure type of an object used to represent sets of signals.
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.TP 7
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\fBpid_t\fP
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As
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described in \fI<sys/types.h>\fP .
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.sp
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.LP
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The \fI<signal.h>\fP header shall define the \fBsigevent\fP structure,
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which has at least the following members:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBint sigev_notify \fP Notification type. \fB
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int sigev_signo \fP Signal number. \fB
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union sigval sigev_value \fP Signal value. \fB
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void(*)(union sigval) sigev_notify_function \fP Notification function. \fB
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(pthread_attr_t *) sigev_notify_attributes\fP Notification attributes. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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The following values of \fIsigev_notify\fP shall be defined:
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.TP 7
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SIGEV_NONE
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No asynchronous notification is delivered when the event of interest
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occurs.
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.TP 7
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SIGEV_SIGNAL
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A queued signal, with an application-defined value, is generated when
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the event of interest occurs.
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.TP 7
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SIGEV_THREAD
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A notification function is called to perform notification.
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.sp
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.LP
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The \fBsigval\fP union shall be defined as:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBint sival_int \fP Integer signal value. \fB
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void *sival_ptr \fP Pointer signal value. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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This header shall also declare the macros SIGRTMIN and SIGRTMAX, which
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evaluate to integer expressions, and specify a range of
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signal numbers that are reserved for application use and for which
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the realtime signal behavior specified in this volume of
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IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 is supported. The signal numbers in this range
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do not overlap any of the signals specified in the
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following table.
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.LP
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The range SIGRTMIN through SIGRTMAX inclusive shall include at least
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{RTSIG_MAX} signal numbers.
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.LP
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It is implementation-defined whether realtime signal behavior is supported
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for other signals.
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.LP
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This header also declares the constants that are used to refer to
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the signals that occur in the system. Signals defined here
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begin with the letters SIG. Each of the signals have distinct positive
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integer values. The value 0 is reserved for use as the null
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signal (see \fIkill\fP()). Additional implementation-defined signals
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may occur in the
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system.
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.LP
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The
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ISO\ C standard only requires the signal names SIGABRT, SIGFPE, SIGILL,
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SIGINT, SIGSEGV, and SIGTERM to be defined.
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.LP
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The following signals shall be supported on all implementations (default
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actions are explained below the table):
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.TS C
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center; l1 l1 lw(40).
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\fBSignal\fP \fBDefault Action\fP T{
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.na
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\fBDescription\fP
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.ad
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T}
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SIGABRT A T{
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.na
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Process abort signal.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGALRM T T{
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.na
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Alarm clock.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGBUS A T{
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.na
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Access to an undefined portion of a memory object.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGCHLD I T{
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.na
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Child process terminated, stopped,
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.ad
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T}
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\ \ T{
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.na
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or continued.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGCONT C T{
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.na
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Continue executing, if stopped.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGFPE A T{
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.na
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Erroneous arithmetic operation.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGHUP T T{
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.na
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Hangup.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGILL A T{
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.na
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Illegal instruction.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGINT T T{
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.na
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Terminal interrupt signal.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGKILL T T{
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.na
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Kill (cannot be caught or ignored).
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.ad
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T}
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SIGPIPE T T{
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.na
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Write on a pipe with no one to read it.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGQUIT A T{
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.na
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Terminal quit signal.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGSEGV A T{
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.na
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Invalid memory reference.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGSTOP S T{
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.na
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Stop executing (cannot be caught or ignored).
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.ad
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T}
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SIGTERM T T{
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.na
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Termination signal.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGTSTP S T{
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.na
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Terminal stop signal.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGTTIN S T{
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.na
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Background process attempting read.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGTTOU S T{
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.na
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Background process attempting write.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGUSR1 T T{
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.na
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User-defined signal 1.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGUSR2 T T{
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.na
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User-defined signal 2.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGPOLL T T{
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.na
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Pollable event.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGPROF T T{
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.na
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Profiling timer expired.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGSYS A T{
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.na
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Bad system call.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGTRAP A T{
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.na
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Trace/breakpoint trap.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGURG I T{
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.na
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High bandwidth data is available at a socket.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGVTALRM T T{
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.na
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Virtual timer expired.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGXCPU A T{
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.na
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CPU time limit exceeded.
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.ad
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T}
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SIGXFSZ A T{
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.na
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File size limit exceeded.
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.ad
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T}
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.TE
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.LP
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The default actions are as follows:
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.TP 7
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T
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Abnormal termination of the process. The process is terminated with
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all the consequences of \fI_exit\fP() except that the status made
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available to \fIwait\fP() and \fIwaitpid\fP() indicates abnormal
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termination by the specified signal.
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.TP 7
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A
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Abnormal termination of the process.
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.br
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Additionally, implementation-defined abnormal termination actions,
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such as creation of a \fBcore\fP file, may occur.
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.TP 7
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I
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Ignore the signal.
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.TP 7
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S
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Stop the process.
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.TP 7
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C
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Continue the process, if it is stopped; otherwise, ignore the signal.
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.sp
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.sp
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.LP
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The
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header shall provide a declaration of \fBstruct sigaction\fP, including
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at least the following members:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBvoid (*sa_handler)(int) \fP Pointer to a signal-catching function or one of the macros \fB
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\fP SIG_IGN or SIG_DFL. \fB
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sigset_t sa_mask \fP Set of signals to be blocked during execution of the signal \fB
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\fP handling function. \fB
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int sa_flags \fP Special flags. \fB
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void (*sa_sigaction)(int, siginfo_t *, void *)
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\fP Pointer to a signal-catching function. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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The storage occupied by \fIsa_handler\fP and \fIsa_sigaction\fP may
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overlap, and a conforming application shall not use both
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simultaneously.
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.LP
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The following shall be declared as constants:
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.TP 7
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SA_NOCLDSTOP
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Do
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not generate SIGCHLD when children stop
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.br
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or
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stopped children continue.
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.TP 7
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SIG_BLOCK
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The resulting set is the union of the current set and the signal set
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pointed to by the argument \fIset\fP.
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.TP 7
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SIG_UNBLOCK
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The resulting set is the intersection of the current set and the complement
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of the signal set pointed to by the argument
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\fIset\fP.
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.TP 7
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SIG_SETMASK
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The resulting set is the signal set pointed to by the argument \fIset\fP.
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.TP 7
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SA_ONSTACK
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Causes signal delivery to occur on an alternate stack.
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.TP 7
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SA_RESETHAND
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Causes signal dispositions to be set to SIG_DFL on entry to signal
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handlers.
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.TP 7
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SA_RESTART
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Causes certain functions to become restartable.
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.TP 7
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SA_SIGINFO
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Causes extra information to be passed to signal handlers at the time
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of receipt of a signal.
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.TP 7
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SA_NOCLDWAIT
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Causes implementations not to create zombie processes on child death.
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.TP 7
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SA_NODEFER
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Causes signal not to be automatically blocked on entry to signal handler.
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.TP 7
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SS_ONSTACK
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Process is executing on an alternate signal stack.
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.TP 7
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SS_DISABLE
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Alternate signal stack is disabled.
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.TP 7
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MINSIGSTKSZ
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Minimum stack size for a signal handler.
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.TP 7
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SIGSTKSZ
|
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Default size in bytes for the alternate signal stack.
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.sp
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.LP
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|
The \fBucontext_t\fP structure shall be defined through \fBtypedef\fP
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as described in \fI<ucontext.h>\fP.
|
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.LP
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The \fBmcontext_t\fP type shall be defined through \fBtypedef\fP as
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described in \fI<ucontext.h>\fP.
|
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.LP
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The \fI<signal.h>\fP header shall define the \fBstack_t\fP type as
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a structure that includes at least the following
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members:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBvoid *ss_sp \fP Stack base or pointer. \fB
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size_t ss_size \fP Stack size. \fB
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int ss_flags \fP Flags. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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The \fI<signal.h>\fP header shall define the \fBsigstack\fP structure
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that includes at least the following members:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBint ss_onstack \fP Non-zero when signal stack is in use. \fB
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void *ss_sp \fP Signal stack pointer. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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The
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\fI<signal.h>\fP header shall define the \fBsiginfo_t\fP type as a
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structure that includes at least the following members:
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fB
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int si_signo \fP Signal number. \fB
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int si_errno \fP If non-zero, an \fIerrno\fP value associated with \fB
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\fP this signal, as defined in \fB<errno.h>.\fP \fB
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int si_code \fP Signal code. \fB
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pid_t si_pid \fP Sending process ID. \fB
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uid_t si_uid \fP Real user ID of sending process. \fB
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void *si_addr \fP Address of faulting instruction. \fB
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int si_status\fP Exit value or signal. \fB
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long si_band \fP Band event for SIGPOLL. \fB
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union sigval si_value \fP Signal value. \fB
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.LP
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|
The macros specified in the \fBCode\fP column of the following table
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are defined for use as values of \fIsi_code\fP that are
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\ signal-specific or non-signal-specific reasons why the signal
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was generated.
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.TS C
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center; l l lw(40).
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\fBSignal\fP \fBCode\fP T{
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.na
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|
\fBReason\fP
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.ad
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T}
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SIGILL ILL_ILLOPC T{
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.na
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|
Illegal opcode.
|
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.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ ILL_ILLOPN T{
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|
.na
|
|
Illegal operand.
|
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.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ ILL_ILLADR T{
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.na
|
|
Illegal addressing mode.
|
|
.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ ILL_ILLTRP T{
|
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.na
|
|
Illegal trap.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ ILL_PRVOPC T{
|
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.na
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|
Privileged opcode.
|
|
.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ ILL_PRVREG T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Privileged register.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ ILL_COPROC T{
|
|
.na
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|
Coprocessor error.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ ILL_BADSTK T{
|
|
.na
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|
Internal stack error.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
SIGFPE FPE_INTDIV T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Integer divide by zero.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_INTOVF T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Integer overflow.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ FPE_FLTDIV T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Floating-point divide by zero.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_FLTOVF T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Floating-point overflow.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_FLTUND T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Floating-point underflow.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_FLTRES T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Floating-point inexact result.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_FLTINV T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Invalid floating-point operation.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ FPE_FLTSUB T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Subscript out of range.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
SIGSEGV SEGV_MAPERR T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Address not mapped to object.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ SEGV_ACCERR T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Invalid permissions for mapped object.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
SIGBUS BUS_ADRALN T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Invalid address alignment.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ BUS_ADRERR T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Nonexistent physical address.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ BUS_OBJERR T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Object-specific hardware error.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
SIGTRAP TRAP_BRKPT T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Process breakpoint.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ TRAP_TRACE T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Process trace trap.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
SIGCHLD CLD_EXITED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Child has exited.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ CLD_KILLED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Child has terminated abnormally and did not create a \fBcore\fP file.
|
|
.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ CLD_DUMPED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Child has terminated abnormally and created a \fBcore\fP file.
|
|
.ad
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|
T}
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|
\ CLD_TRAPPED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Traced child has trapped.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
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|
\ CLD_STOPPED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Child has stopped.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ CLD_CONTINUED T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Stopped child has continued.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
SIGPOLL POLL_IN T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Data input available.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ POLL_OUT T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Output buffers available.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ POLL_MSG T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Input message available.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ POLL_ERR T{
|
|
.na
|
|
I/O error.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ POLL_PRI T{
|
|
.na
|
|
High priority input available.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ POLL_HUP T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Device disconnected.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
Any SI_USER T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Signal sent by \fIkill\fP().
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ SI_QUEUE T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Signal sent by the \fIsigqueue\fP().
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ SI_TIMER T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Signal generated by expiration of a timer set by \fItimer_settime\fP().
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ SI_ASYNCIO T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Signal generated by completion of an asynchronous I/O request.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
\ SI_MESGQ T{
|
|
.na
|
|
Signal generated by arrival of a message on an empty message queue.
|
|
.ad
|
|
T}
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Implementations may support additional \fIsi_code\fP values not included
|
|
in this list, may generate values included in this list
|
|
under circumstances other than those described in this list, and may
|
|
contain extensions or limitations that prevent some values
|
|
from being generated. Implementations do not generate a different
|
|
value from the ones described in this list for circumstances
|
|
described in this list.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In addition, the following signal-specific information shall be available:
|
|
.TS C
|
|
center; l1 l1 l.
|
|
\fBSignal\fP \fBMember\fP \fBValue\fP
|
|
SIGILL \fBvoid * \fIsi_addr\fP\fP Address of faulting instruction.
|
|
SIGFPE \fB\ \fP \
|
|
SIGSEGV \fBvoid * \fIsi_addr\fP\fP Address of faulting memory reference.
|
|
SIGBUS \fB\ \fP \
|
|
SIGCHLD \fBpid_t \fIsi_pid\fP\fP Child process ID.
|
|
\ \fBint \fIsi_status\fP\fP Exit value or signal.
|
|
\ \fBuid_t \fIsi_uid\fP\fP Real user ID of the process that sent the signal.
|
|
SIGPOLL \fBlong \fIsi_band\fP\fP Band event for POLL_IN, POLL_OUT, or POLL_MSG.
|
|
.TE
|
|
.LP
|
|
For some implementations, the value of \fIsi_addr\fP may be inaccurate.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The following shall be declared as functions and may also be defined
|
|
as macros:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB
|
|
void (*bsd_signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int kill(pid_t, int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int killpg(pid_t, int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int pthread_kill(pthread_t, int);
|
|
int pthread_sigmask(int, const sigset_t *, sigset_t *);
|
|
|
|
int raise(int);
|
|
|
|
int sigaction(int, const struct sigaction *restrict,
|
|
struct sigaction *restrict);
|
|
int sigaddset(sigset_t *, int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigaltstack(const stack_t *restrict, stack_t *restrict);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigdelset(sigset_t *, int);
|
|
int sigemptyset(sigset_t *);
|
|
int sigfillset(sigset_t *);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sighold(int);
|
|
int sigignore(int);
|
|
int siginterrupt(int, int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigismember(const sigset_t *, int);
|
|
|
|
void (*signal(int, void (*)(int)))(int);
|
|
|
|
int sigpause(int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigpending(sigset_t *);
|
|
int sigprocmask(int, const sigset_t *restrict, sigset_t *restrict);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigqueue(pid_t, int, const union sigval);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigrelse(int);
|
|
void (*sigset(int, void (*)(int)))(int);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigsuspend(const sigset_t *);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigtimedwait(const sigset_t *restrict, siginfo_t *restrict,
|
|
const struct timespec *restrict);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigwait(const sigset_t *restrict, int *restrict);
|
|
|
|
|
|
int sigwaitinfo(const sigset_t *restrict, siginfo_t *restrict);
|
|
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Inclusion of the \fI<signal.h>\fP header may make visible all symbols
|
|
from the \fI<time.h>\fP header.
|
|
.LP
|
|
\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
|
|
.SH APPLICATION USAGE
|
|
.LP
|
|
None.
|
|
.SH RATIONALE
|
|
.LP
|
|
None.
|
|
.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
|
|
.LP
|
|
None.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.LP
|
|
\fI<errno.h>\fP , \fI<stropts.h>\fP , \fI<sys/types.h>\fP , \fI<time.h>\fP
|
|
, \fI<ucontext.h>\fP , the System Interfaces volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
|
|
\fIalarm\fP(), \fIbsd_signal\fP(), \fIioctl\fP(), \fIkill\fP(), \fIkillpg\fP(),
|
|
\fIraise\fP(), \fIsigaction\fP(), \fIsigaddset\fP(), \fIsigaltstack\fP(),
|
|
\fIsigdelset\fP(), \fIsigemptyset\fP(), \fIsigfillset\fP(), \fIsiginterrupt\fP(),
|
|
\fIsigismember\fP(), \fIsignal\fP(), \fIsigpending\fP(), \fIsigprocmask\fP(),
|
|
\fIsigqueue\fP(), \fIsigsuspend\fP(), \fIsigwaitinfo\fP(), \fIwait\fP(),
|
|
\fIwaitid\fP()
|
|
.SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
|
|
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
|
|
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
|
|
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
|
|
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
|
|
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
|
|
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
|
|
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
|
|
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
|