mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
230 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
230 lines
6.6 KiB
Groff
.\" %%%LICENSE_START(PUBLIC_DOMAIN)
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.\" This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
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.\" 1996-06-05 by Arthur David Olson <arthur_david_olson@nih.gov>.
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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.\"
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.\" @(#)tzfile.5 7.11
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.\"
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.TH TZFILE 5 2012-05-04 "" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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tzfile \- timezone information
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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This page describes the structure of the timezone files used by
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.BR tzset (3).
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These files are typically found under one of the directories
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.IR /usr/lib/zoneinfo
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or
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.IR /usr/share/zoneinfo .
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Timezone information files
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begin with the magic characters "TZif" to identify them as
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timezone information files,
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followed by a character identifying the version of the file's format
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(as of 2005, either an ASCII NUL (\(aq\\0\(aq) or a \(aq2\(aq (\fB0x32\fP))
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followed by fifteen bytes containing zeros reserved for future use,
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followed by six four-byte values of type
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.IR long ,
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written in a "standard" byte order
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(the high-order byte of the value is written first).
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These values are,
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in order:
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.TP
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.I tzh_ttisgmtcnt
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The number of UTC/local indicators stored in the file.
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.TP
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.I tzh_ttisstdcnt
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The number of standard/wall indicators stored in the file.
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.TP
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.I tzh_leapcnt
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The number of leap seconds for which data is stored in the file.
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.TP
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.I tzh_timecnt
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The number of "transition times" for which data is stored
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in the file.
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.TP
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.I tzh_typecnt
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The number of "local time types" for which data is stored
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in the file (must not be zero).
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.TP
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.I tzh_charcnt
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The number of characters of "timezone abbreviation strings"
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stored in the file.
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.PP
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The above header is followed by
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.I tzh_timecnt
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four-byte values of type
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.IR long ,
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sorted in ascending order.
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These values are written in "standard" byte order.
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Each is used as a transition time (as returned by
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.BR time (2))
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at which the rules for computing local time change.
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Next come
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.I tzh_timecnt
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one-byte values of type
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.IR "unsigned char" ;
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each one tells which of the different types of "local time" types
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described in the file is associated with the same-indexed transition time.
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These values serve as indices into an array of
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.I ttinfo
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structures (with
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.I tzh_typecnt
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entries) that appear next in the file;
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these structures are defined as follows:
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.in +4n
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.sp
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.nf
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struct ttinfo {
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long tt_gmtoff;
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int tt_isdst;
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unsigned int tt_abbrind;
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};
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.in
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.fi
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.sp
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Each structure is written as a four-byte value for
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.I tt_gmtoff
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of type
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.IR long ,
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in a standard byte order, followed by a one-byte value for
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.I tt_isdst
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and a one-byte value for
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.IR tt_abbrind .
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In each structure,
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.I tt_gmtoff
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gives the number of seconds to be added to UTC,
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.I tt_isdst
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tells whether
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.I tm_isdst
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should be set by
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.BR localtime (3),
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and
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.I tt_abbrind
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serves as an index into the array of timezone abbreviation characters
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that follow the
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.I ttinfo
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structure(s) in the file.
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.PP
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Then there are
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.I tzh_leapcnt
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pairs of four-byte values, written in standard byte order;
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the first value of each pair gives the time
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(as returned by
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.BR time (2))
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at which a leap second occurs;
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the second gives the
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.I total
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number of leap seconds to be applied after the given time.
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The pairs of values are sorted in ascending order by time.
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.PP
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Then there are
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.I tzh_ttisstdcnt
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standard/wall indicators, each stored as a one-byte value;
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they tell whether the transition times associated with local time types
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were specified as standard time or wall clock time,
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and are used when a timezone file is used in handling POSIX-style
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timezone environment variables.
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.PP
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Finally, there are
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.I tzh_ttisgmtcnt
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UTC/local indicators, each stored as a one-byte value;
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they tell whether the transition times associated with local time types
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were specified as UTC or local time,
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and are used when a timezone file is used in handling POSIX-style
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timezone environment variables.
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.PP
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.BR localtime (3)
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uses the first standard-time
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.I ttinfo
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structure in the file
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(or simply the first
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.I ttinfo
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structure in the absence of a standard-time structure)
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if either
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.I tzh_timecnt
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is zero or the time argument is less than the first transition time recorded
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in the file.
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.SS Version 2 format
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For version-2-format timezone files,
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the above header and data is followed by a second header and data,
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identical in format except that
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eight bytes are used for each transition time or leap-second time
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(and that the version byte in the header record is
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\fB0x32\fP rather than \fB0x00\fP).
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After the second header and data comes a newline-enclosed,
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POSIX-TZ-environment-variable-style string for use in handling instants
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after the last transition time stored in the file
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(with nothing between the newlines if there is no POSIX representation for
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such instants).
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.PP
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The second section of the timezone file consists of another 44-byte header
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record, identical in structure to the one at the beginning of the file,
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except that it applies to the data that follows,
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which is also identical in structure
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to the first section of the timezone file, with the following differences:
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.IP * 3
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The transition time values, after the header, are eight-byte values.
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.IP *
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In each leap second record, the leap second value is an eight-byte value.
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The accumulated leap second count is still a four-byte value.
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.PP
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In all cases, the eight-byte time values are given in
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the "standard" byte order,
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the high-order byte first.
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.SS POSIX timezone string
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The second eight-byte time value section is followed by an optional
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third section:
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a single ASCII newline character (\(aq\\n\(aq),
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then a text string followed by a second
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newline character.
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The text string is a POSIX timezone string, whose format is described in the
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.BR tzset (3)
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manual page.
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.PP
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The POSIX timezone string defines a rule for computing transition times
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that follow the last transition time explicitly specified in the timezone
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information file.
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.SS Summary of the timezone information file format
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\&
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.sp 2
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.RS
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.nf
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Four-byte value section
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(header version \fB0x00\fP or \fB0x32\fP)
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Header record
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Four-byte transition times
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Transition time index
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\fBttinfo\fP structures
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Timezone abbreviation array
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Leap second records
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Standard/Wall array
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UTC/Local array
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Eight-byte value section
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(only if first header version is \fB0x32\fP,
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the second header's version is also \fB0x32\fP)
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Header record
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Eight-byte transition times
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Transition time index
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\fBttinfo\fP structures
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Timezone abbreviation array
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Leap second records
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Standard/Wall array
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UTC/Local array
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Third section
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(optional, only in \fB0x32\fP version files)
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Newline character
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Timezone string
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Newline character
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.fi
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.RE
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR ctime (3),
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.BR tzset (3),
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.BR tzselect (8),
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.I timezone/tzfile.h
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in the glibc source tree
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