mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
205 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
205 lines
6.5 KiB
Groff
.\" (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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.\"
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\"
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.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:28:34 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
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.\" Modified Sun Jun 01 17:16:34 1997 by Jochen Hein
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.\" <jochen.hein@delphi.central.de>
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.\" Modified Thu Apr 25 00:43:19 2002 by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
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.\"
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.TH LOCALE 7 1993-04-24 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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locale \- Description of multi-language support
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <locale.h>
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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A locale is a set of language and cultural rules. These cover aspects
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such as language for messages, different character sets, lexigraphic
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conventions, etc. A program needs to be able to determine its locale
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and act accordingly to be portable to different cultures.
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.PP
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The header
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.B <locale.h>
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declares data types, functions and macros which are useful in this
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task.
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.PP
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The functions it declares are
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.B setlocale()
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to set the current locale, and
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.B localeconv()
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to get information about number formatting.
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.PP
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There are different categories for local information a program might
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need; they are declared as macros. Using them as the first argument
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to the
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.B setlocale()
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function, it is possible to set one of these to the desired locale:
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.TP
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.B LC_COLLATE
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This is used to change the behaviour of the functions
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.B strcoll()
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and
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.BR strxfrm() ,
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which are used to compare strings in the local alphabet. For example,
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the German sharp s is sorted as "ss".
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.TP
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.B LC_CTYPE
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This changes the behaviour of the character handling and
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classification functions, such as
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.B isupper()
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and
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.BR toupper() ,
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and the multi\-byte character functions such as
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.B mblen()
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or
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.BR wctomb() .
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.TP
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.B LC_MONETARY
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changes the information returned by
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.B localeconv()
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which describes the way numbers are usually printed, with details such
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as decimal point versus decimal comma. This information is internally
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used by the function
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.BR strfmon() .
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.TP
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.B LC_MESSAGES
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changes the language messages are displayed in and how an affirmative or
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negative answer looks like. The GNU C-library contains the
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.BR gettext() ,
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.BR ngettext() ,
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and
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.B rpmatch()
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functions to ease the use of these information. The GNU gettext family of
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functions also obey the environment variable
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.BR LANGUAGE .
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.TP
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.B LC_NUMERIC
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changes the information used by the
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.B printf()
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and
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.B scanf()
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family of functions, when they are advised to use the
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locale-settings. This information can also be read with the
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.B localeconv()
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function.
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.TP
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.B LC_TIME
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changes the behaviour of the
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.B strftime()
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function to display the current time in a locally acceptable form; for
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example, most of Europe uses a 24\-hour clock vs. the US' 12\-hour
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clock.
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.TP
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.B LC_ALL
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All of the above.
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.PP
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If the second argument to
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.B setlocale()
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is empty string,
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.BR """""" ,
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for the default locale, it is determined using the following steps:
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.IP 1.
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If there is a non-null environment variable
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.BR LC_ALL ,
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the value of
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.B LC_ALL
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is used.
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.IP 2.
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If an environment variable with the same name as one of the categories
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above exists and is non-null, its value is used for that category.
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.IP 3.
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If there is a non-null environment variable
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.BR LANG ,
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the value of
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.B LANG
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is used.
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.PP
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Values about local numeric formatting is made available in a
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.B struct lconv
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returned by the
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.B localeconv()
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function, which has the following declaration:
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.nf
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struct lconv
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{
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/* Numeric (non-monetary) information. */
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char *decimal_point; /* Decimal point character. */
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char *thousands_sep; /* Thousands separator. */
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/* Each element is the number of digits in each group;
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elements with higher indices are farther left.
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An element with value CHAR_MAX means that no further grouping is done.
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An element with value 0 means that the previous element is used
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for all groups farther left. */
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char *grouping;
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/* Monetary information. */
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/* First three chars are a currency symbol from ISO 4217.
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Fourth char is the separator. Fifth char is '\0'. */
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char *int_curr_symbol;
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char *currency_symbol; /* Local currency symbol. */
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char *mon_decimal_point; /* Decimal point character. */
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char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Thousands separator. */
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char *mon_grouping; /* Like `grouping' element (above). */
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char *positive_sign; /* Sign for positive values. */
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char *negative_sign; /* Sign for negative values. */
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char int_frac_digits; /* Int'l fractional digits. */
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char frac_digits; /* Local fractional digits. */
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/* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a positive value, 0 if succeeds. */
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char p_cs_precedes;
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/* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol from a positive value. */
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char p_sep_by_space;
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/* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a negative value, 0 if succeeds. */
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char n_cs_precedes;
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/* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol from a negative value. */
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char n_sep_by_space;
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/* Positive and negative sign positions:
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0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol.
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1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
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2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
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3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol.
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4 The sign string immediately succeeds the currency_symbol. */
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char p_sign_posn;
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char n_sign_posn;
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};
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.fi
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.SH "CONFORMS TO"
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.nf
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POSIX.1
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.fi
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The GNU gettext functions are specified in LI18NUX2000.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR locale (1),
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.BR localedef (1),
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.BR gettext (3),
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.BR localeconv (3),
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.BR ngettext (3),
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.BR nl_langinfo (3),
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.BR rpmatch (3),
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.BR setlocale (3),
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.BR strcoll (3),
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.BR strfmon (3),
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.BR strftime (3),
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.BR strxfrm (3)
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