mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
186 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
186 lines
5.0 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright Andries Brouwer, Ragnar Hojland Espinosa and A. Wik, 1998.
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.\"
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.\" This file may be copied under the conditions described
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.\" in the LDP GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE, Version 1, September 1998
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.\" that should have been distributed together with this file.
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.\"
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.TH DU 1 1998-11 "GNU fileutils 4.0"
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.SH NAME
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du \- estimate file space usage
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.BI "du [" options "] [" file... ]
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.sp
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POSIX options:
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.B "[\-askx] [\-\-]"
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.sp
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GNU options (shortest form):
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.B [\-abcDhHklLmsSxX]
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.BI "[\-\-block\-size=" size ]
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.BI "[\-\-exclude=" pattern ]
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.BI "[\-\-max\-depth=" n ]
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.B "[\-\-help] [\-\-version] [\-\-]"
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.B du
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reports the amount of disk space used by the specified files,
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and by each directory in the hierarchies rooted at the
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specified files.
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Here `disk space used' means space used for the entire
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file hierarchy below the specified file.
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.PP
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With no arguments,
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.B du
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reports the disk space for the current directory.
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.SH "POSIX DETAILS"
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The output is in 512-byte units by default, but in
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1024-byte units when the \-k option is given.
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.SH "GNU DETAILS"
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The output is in 1024-byte units (when no units are
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specified by options), unless the environment variable
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.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
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is set, in which case POSIX is followed.
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.SH "POSIX OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B "\-a"
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Show counts for all files encountered, not just directories.
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.TP
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.B "\-k"
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Use 1024-byte units instead of the default 512-byte units.
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.TP
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.B "\-s"
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Only output space usage for the actual arguments given,
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not for their subdirectories.
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.TP
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.B "\-x"
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Only count space on the same device as the argument given.
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.TP
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.B "\-\-"
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Terminate option list.
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.SH "GNU OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B "\-a, \-\-all"
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Show counts for all files, not just directories.
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.TP
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.B "\-b, \-\-bytes"
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Print sizes in bytes, instead of kilobytes.
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.TP
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.BI "\-\-block\-size=" size
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Print sizes in blocks of
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.I size
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bytes.
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(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
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.TP
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.B "\-c, \-\-total"
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Print a grand total of all arguments after all arguments have been
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processed. This can be used to find out the total disk usage of a
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given set of files or directories.
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.TP
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.B "\-D, \-\-dereference\-args"
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Dereference symbolic links that are command line arguments. Does
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not affect other symbolic links. This is helpful for finding out
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the disk usage of directories, such as
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.IR /usr/tmp ,
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which are often symbolic links.
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.TP
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.BI "\-\-exclude=" pattern
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When recursing, skip subdirectories or files matching
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.IR pattern .
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The
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.I pattern
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may be any standard Bourne shell file glob pattern.
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(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
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.TP
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.B "\-h, \-\-human\-readable"
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Append a size letter, such as
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.B M
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for binary megabytes (`mebibytes'), to each size.
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.TP
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.B "\-H, \-\-si"
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Do the same as for
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.BR \-h ,
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but use the official SI units (with powers of 1000 instead of 1024,
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so that M stands for 1000000 instead of 1048576).
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(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
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.TP
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.B "\-k, \-\-kilobytes"
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Print sizes in KiB (binary kilobytes, 1024 bytes).
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.TP
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.B "\-l, \-\-count\-links"
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Count the size of all files, even if they have appeared already
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(as a hard link).
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.TP
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.B "\-L, \-\-dereference"
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Dereference symbolic links (show the disk space used by the file
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or directory that the link points to instead of the space used by
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the link).
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.TP
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.B "\-m, \-\-megabytes"
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Print sizes in MiB (binary megabytes, 1048576 bytes).
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.TP
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.BI "\-\-max\-depth=" n
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Print the total for a directory (or file, with the
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.B \-a
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flag) only if it is
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.I n
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or fewer levels below the command line argument;
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.BI "\-\-max\-depth=" 0
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is the same as the
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.B \-s
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flag.
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(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
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.TP
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.B "\-s, \-\-summarize"
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Display only a total for each argument.
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.TP
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.B "\-S, \-\-separate\-dirs"
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Report the size of each directory separately, not including the
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sizes of subdirectories.
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.TP
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.B "\-x, \-\-one\-file\-system"
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Skip directories that are on different filesystems from the one
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that the argument being processed is on.
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.TP
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.BI "\-X " "file, " "\-\-exclude\-from=" "file"
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Like
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.BR \-\-exclude ,
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except take the patterns to exclude from the specified
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.IR file .
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Patterns are listed one per line. If
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.I file
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is given as `\-', patterns are read from standard input.
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(New in file\%utils-4.0.)
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.SH "GNU STANDARD OPTIONS"
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.TP
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.B "\-\-help"
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Print a usage message on standard output and exit successfully.
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.TP
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.B "\-\-version"
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Print version information on standard output, then exit successfully.
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.TP
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.B "\-\-"
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Terminate option list.
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.SH BUGS
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On BSD systems,
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.B du
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reports sizes that are half the correct values
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for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-UX systems. On HP-UX systems,
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it reports sizes that are twice the correct values for files that are
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NFS-mounted from BSD systems. This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
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affects the HP-UX
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.B du
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program.
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.SH ENVIRONMENT
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The POSIXLY_CORRECT environment variable determines the choice of unit.
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If it is not set,
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and the BLOCKSIZE environment variable has a value starting
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with `human', then behaviour is as for the \-h option,
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unless overridden by \-k or \-m options.
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The variables LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_MESSAGES have the
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usual meaning.
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.SH "CONFORMING TO"
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POSIX 1003.2
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.SH NOTES
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This page describes
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.B du
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as found in the file\%utils-4.0 package;
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other versions may differ slightly.
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