mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
572 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
572 lines
17 KiB
Plaintext
==================== Changes in man-pages-3.01 ====================
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Released: 2008-06-25, Munich
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Contributors
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------------
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The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
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been incorporated in changes in this release:
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Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>
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Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.comm>
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Andrew P <ap@zip.com.au>
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Andrew Clayton <andrew@digital-domain.net>
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Bart Van Assche <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
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Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ib.com>
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Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
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Daniele Giacomini <appunti2@gmail.com>
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Dorin Lazar <dorin.lazar@gmail.com>
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George Spelvin <linux@horizon.com>
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Jason Englander <jason@englanders.cc>
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Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
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Laurent Vivier <laurent.vivier@bull.net>
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Masatake YAMOTO <yamoto@redhat.com>
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Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
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Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
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Pavel Machek <pavel@suse.cz>
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Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
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Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
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Petr Gajdos <pgajdos@suse.cz>
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Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org>
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Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
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Samuel Thibault <samuel.thibault@ens-lyon.org>
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Stephane Chazelas <stephane_chazelas@yahoo.fr>
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Stuart Cunningham <stuartc@rd.bbc.co.uk>
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Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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Tolga Dalman <tdalman@project-psi.org>
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Yao Zhao <dragonlinux@gmail.com>
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WANG Cong <wcong@critical-links.com>
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Apologies if I missed anyone!
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New and rewritten pages
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-----------------------
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acct.5
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mtk
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A complete rewrite of this page, now with much more detail.
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hostname.7
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mtk
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A description of hostname resolution. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2,
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and lightly edited for man-pages style.
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symlink.7
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mtk
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A description of symbolic links. Taken from FreeBSD 6.2, but
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heavily edited for Linux details, improved readability, and
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man-pages style.
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Newly documented interfaces in existing pages
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---------------------------------------------
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getrlimit.2
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mtk / Peter Zijlstra
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Add description of RLIMIT_RTTIME limit, new in 2.6.25.
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mkstemp.3
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mtk
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Add description of mkostemp(), new in glibc 2.7.
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core.5
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mtk, after a note by Petr Gajdos; review by Neil Horman
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Document core_pattern pipe syntax, which appeared in
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kernel 2.6.19.
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Add an example program demonstrating use of core_pattern
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pipe syntax.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/coredump_filter, new in kernel 2.6.23.
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Documentation was based on the text in
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Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt, plus testing, and
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checking the kernel source.
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proc.5
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/oom_score, which was new in kernel 2.6.11.
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This file displays the "badness" score of the process, which
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provides the basis for OOM-killer decisions.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/oom_adj, which was new in kernel 2.6.11.
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This file influences the oom_score of a process.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/limits, which was new in 2.6.24.
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This file displays a process's resource limits.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/fdinfo/*, which was new in 2.6.22.
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These files display info about each descriptor opened by the
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process: the current file offset, and the file access mode +
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file status flags as set in open() or fcntl(F_SETFL).
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/mountinfo, which was new in 2.6.26.
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This file displays information about mount points.
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Closely based on text from Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/mountstats, which was new in 2.6.17.
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This file displays statistics about mount points.
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mtk
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Document /proc/PID/status.
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Samuel Thibault / mtk, review by Laurent Vivier,
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Christian Borntraeger, and Andrew P
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Document guest (virtual CPU) time field in /proc/stat.
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Document guest (virtual CPU) time fields in /proc/PID/stat.
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New links
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---------
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mkostemp.3
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mtk
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Link to mkstemp.3.
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getcwd.2
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mtk
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Link to getcwd.3, which describes several interfaces, among
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them getcwd(), which is in fact a system call.
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sched_setaffinity.2
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sched_setscheduler.2
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set_mempolicy.2
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mbind.2
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mtk
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SEE ALSO: Add cpuset(7).
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Global changes
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--------------
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chown.2
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faccessat.2
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fchmodat.2
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fchownat.2
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fstatat.2
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getxattr.2
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link.2
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linkat.2
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listxattr.2
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open.2
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readlink.2
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removexattr.2
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rename.2
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setxattr.2
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stat.2
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symlink.2
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symlinkat.2
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unlink.2
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futimes.3
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remove.3
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path_resolution.7
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mtk
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SEE ALSO: Add symlink(7).
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intro.1
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time.1
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fcntl.2
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gethostbyname.3
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ioctl_list.2
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mtk
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Wrap source lines so that new sentence starts on new line.
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addseverity.3
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backtrace.3
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dlopen.3
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fmtmsg.3
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getnameinfo.3
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getpt.3
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grantpt.3
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makecontext.3
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ptsname.3
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tcgetsid.3
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unlockpt.3
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wordexp.3
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mtk
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Added VERSIONS section.
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msgctl.2
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msgget.2
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semget.2
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semop.2
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pciconfig_read.2
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basename.3
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cmsg.3
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ftok.3
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console_ioctl.4
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tzfile.5
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mq_overview.7
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pty.7
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mtk
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For consistency, "fix" cases where argument of .B or .I was
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on the following source line.
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adjtimex.2
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getrusage.2
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io_getevents.2
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poll.2
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select.2
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semop.2
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sigwaitinfo.2
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aio_suspend.3
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clock_getres.3
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mq_receive.3
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mq_send.3
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sem_wait.3
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proc.5
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mtk
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SEE ALSO: add time(7)
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Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places.
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(Special thanks to Nicolas Fran<61>ois and Alain Portal.)
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Changes to individual pages
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---------------------------
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acct.2
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mtk
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Add a few more words to DESCRIPTION.
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NOTES: Add pointer to acct(5).
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alarm.2
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Alain Portal
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s/process/calling process/ so as to say that the alarm signal is
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delivered to the calling process.
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brk.2
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Yao Zhao / mtk
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Clarify discussion of return value of sbrk().
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mtk
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DESCRIPTION: Add some sentences giving an overview of these
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interfaces.
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Add note recommending use of malloc(3).
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Change name of brk() argument to the simpler 'addr'.
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Add "(void *)" cast to "-1" for error return of sbrk().
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Removed some incorrect text about "brk(0)".
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Note that SUSv2 specified the return value of sbrk().
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Added a detail on the glibc brk() wrapper.
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Remove discussions of old standards (C89 and POSIX.1-1990);
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CONFORMING TO already discusses the situation with respect
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to more recent standards.
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chmod.2
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mtk
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Clarify description of chmod() and fchmod().
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Add further detail on S_ISUID, S_ISGID, and S_ISVTX permissions.
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Reformat list of permissions bits.
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chown.2
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mtk
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Describe rules governing ownership of new files (bsdgroups
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versus sysvgroups, and the effect of the parent directory's
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set-group-ID permission bit).
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chroot.2
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Alain Portal
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Clarify description a little.
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s/changes the root directory/
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changes the root directory of the calling process/
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execve.2
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mtk
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Fix text that warns against use of NULL argv and envp.
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Using a NULL envp does in fact seem to be portable (works
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on Solaris and FreeBSD), but the Linux semantics for a NULL
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argv certainly aren't consistent with other implementations.
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See http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408.
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getdents.2
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mtk, after a note from George Spelvin
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Document d_type field, present since kernel 2.6.4.
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Other minor edits.
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getitimer.2
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mtk
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Noted that POSIX.1 leaves interactions with alarm(), sleep(),
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and usleep() unspecified.
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Linux 2.6.16 removed the MAX_SEC_IN_JIFFIES ceiling on timer
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values.
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Other minor changes.
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io_cancel.2
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io_destroy.2
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io_getevents.2
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io_setup.2
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io_submit.2
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mtk, after a note by Masatake YAMOTO and input from Jeff Moyer
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Describe the unconventional error return provided by the
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wrapper function in libaio (and contrast with behavior if
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the system call is invoked via syscall(2)).
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See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.ltp/4445/
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Alain Portal / mtk
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Re-order ERRORS and SEE ALSO entries to be alphabetical.
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io_getevents.2
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Alain Portal
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Small wording fix.
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io_submit.2
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Jeff Moyer
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s/AIO request blocks/AIO control blocks/
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mknod.2
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mtk
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Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a
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(possibly dangling) symbolic link.
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nanosleep.2
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mtk, after a report from Stephane Chazelas
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Remove crufty discussion of HZ, and replace with a pointer
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to time(7).
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See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=485636
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mtk, after some discussions with Bart Van Assche and Roman Zippel
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NOTES: describe CLOCK_REALTIME versus CLOCK_NANOSLEEP
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See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/696854/
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"nanosleep() uses CLOCK_MONOTONIC, should be CLOCK_REALTIME?"
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mtk
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Replace mentions of "process' by "thread".
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NOTES: describe case where clock_nanosleep() can be preferable.
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Some minor rewrites.
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open.2
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mtk, after a note from Christoph Hellwig
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NOTES: Note that access mode flags are not single bits,
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and document the Linuxism "access mode 3".
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See also http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/653123.
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readdir.2
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mtk
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Minor wording fixes.
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recv.2
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Alain Portal
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Add comment to 'ee_pad' field in structure definition.
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sched_setscheduler.2
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mtk
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Add pointer to discussion of RLIMIT_RTTIME in getrlimit.2.
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mtk, after a note by Andrew Clayton
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Rewrote and restructured various parts of the page for greater
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clarity.
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mtk
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Add more detail to the rules that are applied when an
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unprivileged process with a non-zero RLIMIT_RTPRIO limit
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changes policy and priority.
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SEE ALSO: Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt
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sync_file_range.2
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Pavel Machek
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SYNC_FILE_RANGE_WRITE can block on writes greater than request
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queue size. For some background, see
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http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/687713/focus=688340
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syscalls.2
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mtk
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Added system call history back to version 1.2.
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Fix typo on kernel version for pivot_root().
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syslog.2
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WANG Cong
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Document ENOSYS error, which can occur if kernel was built without
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CONFIG_PRINTK.
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utime.2
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Nicolas Fran<61>ois
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Clarify description of 'times' array for utimes().
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adjtime.3
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mtk
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The longstanding bug that if delta was NULL, olddelta
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didn't return the outstanding clock adjustment, is now fixed
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(since glibc 2.8 + kernel 2.6.26).
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http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug?id=2449
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http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6761
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dprintf.3
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mtk
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Note that these functions are included in the next POSIX revision.
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Remove editorial discussion about what the functions should have
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been named.
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ftime.3
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mtk
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Rewrote various pieces, and added some details.
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getaddrinfo.3
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mtk
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Improve description or 'hints' and 'res' arguments.
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Add details on numeric strings that can be specified for 'node'.
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Other fairly major restructurings and rewrites to improve
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logical structure and clarity of the page.
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SEE ALSO: Add hostname(7).
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gethostbyname.3
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mtk
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DESCRIPTION: Add reference to inet_addr(3) for dotted notation.
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SEE ALSO: add inet(3).
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mtk
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Added BUGS section noting that gethostbyname() does not
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recognize hexadecimal components in dotted address strings;
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See http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482973
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getmntent.3
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mtk, after Stuart Cunningham pointed out the typo
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Remove statement that LSB deprecates the functions
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"endmntent(), setmntent() [sic] and setmntent()".
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This doesn't seem to be true (I can't find mention of it
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being deprecated in any of the LSB specs). Rather, LSB simply
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doesn't specify these functions. (LSB 1.3 had a spec of
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setmntent(), but not getmntent() or endmntent(), and noted
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that having a spec of setmntent() was of little use without
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also having a spec of getmntent().)
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See also https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/\
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lsb-discuss/2006-October/003078.html
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getnameinfo.3
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Tolga Dalman
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Remove mention of sa_len field from example code.
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That field is a BSDism not present on Linux.
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mtk
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Various minor changes.
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inet.3
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mtk / Stephane Chazelas
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inet_aton() is *not* in POSIX.1.
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Rewrote discussion of why inet_addr() is disfavored.
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SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3).
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as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482979.
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mtk, after a note by Stephane Chazelas
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Describe the various address forms supported by inet_aton().
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mtk
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Rewrite description of inet_network().
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Clarify discussion of inet_lnaof(), inet_netof(), and inet_makeaddr().
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Add discussion of Classful Addressing, noting that it is obsolete.
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Added an EXAMPLE program.
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mtk
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Relocate discussion of i386 byte order to NOTES.
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Note that inet_aton() returns an address in network byte order.
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SEE ALSO: Add byteorder(3) and getnameinfo(3).
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inet_ntop.3
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mtk
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Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS.
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SEE ALSO: Add inet(3) and getnameinfo(3).
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Make NAME line more precise.
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||
Move errors to an ERRORS section.
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Add EXAMPLE section pointing to inet_pton(3).
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inet_pton.3
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mtk / Stephane Chazelas
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Remove statement that inet_pton() extends inet_ntoa();
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that's not really true, since inet_pton() doesn't support
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all of the string forms that are supported by inet_ntoa().
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SEE ALSO: Add getaddrinfo(3).
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as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=482987.
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mtk
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Describe IPv6 address formats.
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Describe dotted decimal format in more detail.
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Add an example program.
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mtk
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Remove unneeded header files from SYNOPSIS.
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Make NAME line more precise.
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Make description of return value more precise.
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SEE ALSO: Add inet(3).
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mkfifo.3
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||
mtk
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Note that EEXIST applies, even if the pathname is a
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(possibly dangling) symbolic link.
|
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mkstemp.3
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||
mtk
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Fix discussion of O_EXCL flag.
|
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These functions may also fail for any of the errors described
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in open(2).
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Various other rewordings.
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readdir.3
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mtk
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Document DT_LNK (symbolic link) for d_type field.
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||
Reorder DT_ entries alphabetically.
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remainder.3
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mtk
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Recommend against drem(), in favor of remainder().
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scanf.3
|
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mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas
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Add an ERRORS section documenting at least some of the errors
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that may occur for scanf().
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See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254.
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mtk, after a note from Stephane Chazelas; review by Stephane Chazelas
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Document the GNU 'a' modifier for dynamically allocating strings.
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See also http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=487254.
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Document the GNU 'm' modifier for dynamically allocating strings.
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strcat.3
|
||
Andreas Herrmann
|
||
s/strcat/strncat/ (a typo that changed the semantics in
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DESCRIPTION).
|
||
|
||
strerror.3
|
||
mtk, after a note from Daniele Giacomini
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||
Modify SYNOPSIS to show protoypes of both versions of strerror_r(),
|
||
and make other small clarifications of the description regarding
|
||
the two versions.
|
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|
||
random.4
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||
George Spelvin (taking time out from his busy Broadway schedule),
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||
with some tweaks by Matt Mackall and mtk
|
||
Add a Usage subsection that recommends most users to use
|
||
/dev/urandom, and emphasizes parsimonious usage of
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||
/dev/random.
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|
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locale.5
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||
Petr Baudis <pasky@suse.cz>
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||
LC_TIME: Describe first_weekday and first_workday.
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|
||
proc.5
|
||
mtk
|
||
The vaious CPU time fields in /proc/stat and /proc/PID/stat
|
||
return time in clock ticks (USER_HZ, cputime_to_clock_t(),
|
||
sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK)).
|
||
Updated, clarified and expanded the description several
|
||
fields in /proc/[number]/stat.
|
||
mtk
|
||
Clarified and expanded the description of /proc/[number]/fd.
|
||
mtk
|
||
Updated and clarified the description of /proc/[number]/statm.
|
||
mtk
|
||
Updated and clarified the description of /proc/sys/fs/dentry-state.
|
||
mtk
|
||
Many formatting, wording, and grammar fixes.
|
||
|
||
man-pages.7
|
||
mtk
|
||
Enhanced description of VERSIONS section.
|
||
|
||
mq_overview.7
|
||
mtk
|
||
Note that Linux does not currently support ACLs for POSIX
|
||
message queues.
|
||
|
||
sem_overview.7
|
||
mtk
|
||
Note that Linux supports ACLs on POSIX named semaphores
|
||
since 2.6.19.
|
||
|
||
time.7
|
||
mtk, with some suggestions from Bart Van Assche and Thomas Gleixner
|
||
Added some details about where jiffies come into play.
|
||
Added section on high-resolution timers.
|
||
Mentioned a few other time-related interfaces at various
|
||
points in the page.
|
||
See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/697378.
|
||
|
||
unix.7
|
||
mtk, after a note by Samuel Thibault
|
||
Provide a clear description of the three types of address that
|
||
can appear in the sockaddr_un structure: pathname, unnamed,
|
||
and abstract.
|