mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
225 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
225 lines
7.4 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
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.\"
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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.\"
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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.\"
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.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:28:34 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
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.\" Modified Sun Jun 01 17:16:34 1997 by Jochen Hein
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.\" <jochen.hein@delphi.central.de>
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.\" Modified Thu Apr 25 00:43:19 2002 by Bruno Haible <bruno@clisp.org>
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.\"
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.\" FIXME Document LOCPATH;
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.\" see http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=174
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.TH LOCALE 7 2008-12-05 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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locale \- description of multilanguage support
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <locale.h>
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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A locale is a set of language and cultural rules.
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These cover aspects
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such as language for messages, different character sets, lexicographic
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conventions, and so on.
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A program needs to be able to determine its locale
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and act accordingly to be portable to different cultures.
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.PP
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The header
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.I <locale.h>
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declares data types, functions and macros which are useful in this
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task.
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.PP
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The functions it declares are
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.BR setlocale (3)
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to set the current locale, and
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.BR localeconv (3)
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to get information about number formatting.
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.PP
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There are different categories for local information a program might
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need; they are declared as macros.
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Using them as the first argument
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to the
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.BR setlocale (3)
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function, it is possible to set one of these to the desired locale:
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.TP
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.B LC_COLLATE
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This is used to change the behavior of the functions
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.BR strcoll (3)
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and
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.BR strxfrm (3),
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which are used to compare strings in the local alphabet.
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For example,
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the German sharp s is sorted as "ss".
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.TP
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.B LC_CTYPE
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This changes the behavior of the character handling and
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classification functions, such as
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.BR isupper (3)
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and
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.BR toupper (3),
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and the multibyte character functions such as
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.BR mblen (3)
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or
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.BR wctomb (3).
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.TP
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.B LC_MONETARY
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changes the information returned by
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.BR localeconv (3)
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which describes the way numbers are usually printed, with details such
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as decimal point versus decimal comma.
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This information is internally
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used by the function
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.BR strfmon (3).
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.TP
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.B LC_MESSAGES
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changes the language messages are displayed in and what an affirmative or
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negative answer looks like.
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The GNU C-library contains the
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.BR gettext (3),
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.BR ngettext (3),
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and
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.BR rpmatch (3)
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functions to ease the use of these information.
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The GNU gettext family of
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functions also obey the environment variable
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.BR LANGUAGE
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(containing a colon-separated list of locales)
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if the category is set to a valid locale other than
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.BR """C""" .
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.TP
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.B LC_NUMERIC
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changes the information used by the
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.BR printf (3)
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and
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.BR scanf (3)
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family of functions, when they are advised to use the locale-settings.
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This information can also be read with the
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.BR localeconv (3)
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function.
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.TP
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.B LC_TIME
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changes the behavior of the
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.BR strftime (3)
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function to display the current time in a locally acceptable form; for
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example, most of Europe uses a 24-hour clock versus the
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12-hour clock used in the United States.
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.TP
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.B LC_ALL
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All of the above.
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.\" FIXME glibc 2.2.2 added new nonstandard locale categories:
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.\" LC_ADDRESS, LC_IDENTIFICATION, LC_MEASUREMENT, LC_NAME,
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.\" LC_PAPER, LC_TELEPHONE. These need to be documented.
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.PP
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If the second argument to
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.BR setlocale (3)
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is empty string,
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.BR """""" ,
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for the default locale, it is determined using the following steps:
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.IP 1.
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If there is a non-null environment variable
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.BR LC_ALL ,
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the value of
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.B LC_ALL
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is used.
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.IP 2.
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If an environment variable with the same name as one of the categories
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above exists and is non-null, its value is used for that category.
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.IP 3.
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If there is a non-null environment variable
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.BR LANG ,
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the value of
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.B LANG
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is used.
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.PP
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Values about local numeric formatting is made available in a
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.I struct lconv
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returned by the
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.BR localeconv (3)
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function, which has the following declaration:
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.in +2n
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.nf
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struct lconv {
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/* Numeric (nonmonetary) information */
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char *decimal_point; /* Radix character */
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char *thousands_sep; /* Separator for digit groups to left
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of radix character */
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char *grouping; /* Each element is the number of digits in a
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group; elements with higher indices are
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further left. An element with value CHAR_MAX
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means that no further grouping is done. An
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element with value 0 means that the previous
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element is used for all groups further left. */
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/* Remaining fields are for monetary information */
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char *int_curr_symbol; /* First three chars are a currency symbol
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from ISO 4217. Fourth char is the
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separator. Fifth char is \(aq\\0\(aq. */
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char *currency_symbol; /* Local currency symbol */
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char *mon_decimal_point; /* Radix character */
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char *mon_thousands_sep; /* Like \fIthousands_sep\fP above */
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char *mon_grouping; /* Like \fIgrouping\fP above */
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char *positive_sign; /* Sign for positive values */
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char *negative_sign; /* Sign for negative values */
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char int_frac_digits; /* International fractional digits */
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char frac_digits; /* Local fractional digits */
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char p_cs_precedes; /* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a
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positive value, 0 if succeeds */
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char p_sep_by_space; /* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol
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from a positive value */
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char n_cs_precedes; /* 1 if currency_symbol precedes a
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negative value, 0 if succeeds */
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char n_sep_by_space; /* 1 if a space separates currency_symbol
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from a negative value */
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/* Positive and negative sign positions:
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0 Parentheses surround the quantity and currency_symbol.
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1 The sign string precedes the quantity and currency_symbol.
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2 The sign string succeeds the quantity and currency_symbol.
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3 The sign string immediately precedes the currency_symbol.
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4 The sign string immediately succeeds the currency_symbol. */
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char p_sign_posn;
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char n_sign_posn;
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};
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.fi
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.in
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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POSIX.1-2001.
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The GNU gettext functions are specified in LI18NUX2000.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR locale (1),
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.BR localedef (1),
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.BR gettext (3),
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.BR localeconv (3),
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.BR ngettext (3),
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.BR nl_langinfo (3),
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.BR rpmatch (3),
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.BR setlocale (3),
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.BR strcoll (3),
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.BR strfmon (3),
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.BR strftime (3),
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.BR strxfrm (3)
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