mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
2209 lines
72 KiB
Groff
2209 lines
72 KiB
Groff
.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved
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.TH "MAILX" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
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.\" mailx
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.SH NAME
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mailx \- process messages
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.SS Send Mode
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBmailx\fP \fB[\fP\fB-s\fP \fIsubject\fP\fB]\fP \fIaddress\fP\fB...
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.SS Receive Mode
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.sp
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.RS
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.nf
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\fBmailx -e
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.sp
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.sp
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mailx\fP \fB[\fP\fB-HiNn\fP\fB][\fP\fB-F\fP\fB][\fP\fB-u\fP \fIuser\fP\fB]\fP\fB
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.br
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.sp
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mailx -f\fP\fB[\fP\fB-HiNn\fP\fB][\fP\fB-F\fP\fB][\fP\fIfile\fP\fB]\fP\fB
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.br
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\fP
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.fi
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.RE
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.LP
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The \fImailx\fP utility provides a message sending and receiving facility.
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It has two major modes, selected by the options
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used: Send Mode and Receive Mode.
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.LP
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On systems that do not support the User Portability Utilities option,
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an application using \fImailx\fP shall have the ability
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to send messages in an unspecified manner (Send Mode). Unless the
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first character of one or more lines is tilde ( \fB'~'\fP
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), all characters in the input message shall appear in the delivered
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message, but additional characters may be inserted in the
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message before it is retrieved.
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.LP
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On systems supporting the User Portability Utilities option, mail-receiving
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capabilities and other interactive features, Receive
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Mode, described below, also shall be enabled.
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.SS Send Mode
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.LP
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Send Mode can be used by applications or users to send messages from
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the text in standard input.
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.SS Receive Mode
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.LP
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Receive Mode is more oriented towards interactive users. Mail can
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be read and sent in this interactive mode.
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.LP
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When reading mail, \fImailx\fP provides commands to facilitate saving,
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deleting, and responding to messages. When sending mail,
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\fImailx\fP allows editing, reviewing, and other modification of the
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message as it is entered.
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.LP
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Incoming mail shall be stored in one or more unspecified locations
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for each user, collectively called the system \fImailbox\fP
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for that user. When \fImailx\fP is invoked in Receive Mode, the system
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mailbox shall be the default place to find new mail. As
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messages are read, they shall be marked to be moved to a secondary
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file for storage, unless specific action is taken. This
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secondary file is called the \fBmbox\fP and is normally located in
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the directory referred to by the \fIHOME\fP environment
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variable (see \fIMBOX\fP in the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section for
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a description of this file). Messages shall remain in this file
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until explicitly removed. When the \fB-f\fP option is used to read
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mail messages from secondary files, messages shall be retained
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in those files unless specifically removed. All three of these locations-system
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mailbox, \fBmbox\fP, and secondary file-are
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referred to in this section as simply "mailboxes", unless more specific
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identification is required.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.LP
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The \fImailx\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume
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of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines.
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.LP
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The following options shall be supported. (Only the \fB-s\fP \fIsubject\fP
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option shall be required on all systems. The other
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options are required only on systems supporting the User Portability
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Utilities option.)
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.TP 7
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\fB-e\fP
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Test for the presence of mail in the system mailbox. The \fImailx\fP
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utility shall write nothing and exit with a successful
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return code if there is mail to read.
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.TP 7
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\fB-f\fP
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Read messages from the file named by the \fIfile\fP operand instead
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of the system mailbox. (See also \fBfolder\fP.) If no
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\fIfile\fP operand is specified, read messages from \fBmbox\fP instead
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of the system mailbox.
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.TP 7
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\fB-F\fP
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Record the message in a file named after the first recipient. The
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name is the login-name portion of the address found first on
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the \fBTo:\fP line in the mail header. Overrides the \fBrecord\fP
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variable, if set (see Internal
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Variables in mailx .)
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.TP 7
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\fB-H\fP
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Write a header summary only.
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.TP 7
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\fB-i\fP
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Ignore interrupts. (See also \fBignore\fP.)
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.TP 7
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\fB-n\fP
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Do not initialize from the system default start-up file. See the EXTENDED
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DESCRIPTION section.
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.TP 7
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\fB-N\fP
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Do not write an initial header summary.
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.TP 7
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\fB-s\ \fP \fIsubject\fP
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Set the \fBSubject\fP header field to \fIsubject\fP. All characters
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in the \fIsubject\fP string shall appear in the
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delivered message. The results are unspecified if \fIsubject\fP is
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longer than {LINE_MAX} - 10 bytes or contains a
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<newline>.
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.TP 7
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\fB-u\ \fP \fIuser\fP
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Read the system mailbox of the login name \fIuser\fP. This shall only
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be successful if the invoking user has the appropriate
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privileges to read the system mailbox of that user.
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.sp
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.SH OPERANDS
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.LP
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The following operands shall be supported:
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.TP 7
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\fIaddress\fP
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Addressee of message. When \fB-n\fP is specified and no user start-up
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files are accessed (see the EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
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section), the user or application shall ensure this is an address
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to pass to the mail delivery system. Any system or user start-up
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files may enable aliases (see \fBalias\fP under Commands in mailx
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) that may modify the form of
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\fIaddress\fP before it is passed to the mail delivery system.
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.TP 7
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\fIfile\fP
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A pathname of a file to be read instead of the system mailbox when
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\fB-f\fP is specified. The meaning of the \fIfile\fP
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option-argument shall be affected by the contents of the \fBfolder\fP
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internal variable; see Internal
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Variables in mailx .
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.sp
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.SH STDIN
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.LP
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When \fImailx\fP is invoked in Send Mode (the first synopsis line),
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standard input shall be the message to be delivered to the
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specified addresses. When in Receive Mode, user commands shall be
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accepted from \fIstdin\fP. If the User Portability Utilities
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option is not supported, standard input lines beginning with a tilde
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( \fB'~'\fP ) character produce unspecified
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results.
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.LP
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If the User Portability Utilities option is supported, then in both
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Send and Receive Modes, standard input lines beginning with
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the escape character (usually tilde ( \fB'~'\fP )) shall affect processing
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as described in Command Escapes in mailx .
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.SH INPUT FILES
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.LP
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When \fImailx\fP is used as described by this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
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the \fIfile\fP option-argument (see
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the \fB-f\fP option) and the \fBmbox\fP shall be text files containing
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mail messages, formatted as described in the OUTPUT FILES
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section. The nature of the system mailbox is unspecified; it need
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not be a file.
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.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
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.LP
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The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
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\fImailx\fP:
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.TP 7
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\fIDEAD\fP
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Determine the pathname of the file in which to save partial messages
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in case of interrupts or delivery errors. The default
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shall be \fBdead.letter\fP in the directory named by the \fIHOME\fP
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variable. The behavior of \fImailx\fP in saving partial
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messages is unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option is
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not supported and \fIDEAD\fP is not defined with the value
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\fB/dev/null\fP.
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.TP 7
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\fIEDITOR\fP
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Determine the name of a utility to invoke when the \fBedit\fP (see
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Commands in mailx ) or
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\fB~e\fP (see Command Escapes in mailx ) command is used. The default
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editor is unspecified.
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\ On XSI-conformant systems it is \fIed\fP. The effects of this variable
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are unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option is not
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supported.
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.TP 7
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\fIHOME\fP
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Determine the pathname of the user's home directory.
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.TP 7
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\fILANG\fP
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Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
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are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
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IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
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for
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the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
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the values of locale categories.)
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.TP 7
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\fILC_ALL\fP
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If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
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other internationalization variables.
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.TP 7
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\fILC_CTYPE\fP
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Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
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of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
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opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments and input files) and
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the handling of case-insensitive address and header-field
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comparisons.
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.TP 7
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\fILC_TIME\fP
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Determine the format and contents of the date and time strings written
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by \fImailx\fP.
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.TP 7
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\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
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Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
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contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error and
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informative messages written to standard output.
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.TP 7
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\fILISTER\fP
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Determine a string representing the command for writing the contents
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of the \fBfolder\fP directory to standard output when the
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\fBfolders\fP command is given (see \fBfolders\fP in Commands in mailx
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). Any string acceptable as
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a \fIcommand_string\fP operand to the \fIsh\fP \fB-c\fP command shall
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be valid. If this
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variable is null or not set, the output command shall be \fIls\fP.
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The effects of this variable
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are unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option is not supported.
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.TP 7
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\fIMAILRC\fP
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Determine the pathname of the start-up file. The default shall be
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\fB\&.mailrc\fP in the directory referred to by the
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\fIHOME\fP environment variable. The behavior of \fImailx\fP is unspecified
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if the User Portability Utilities option is not
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supported and \fIMAILRC\fP is not defined with the value \fB/dev/null\fP.
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.TP 7
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\fIMBOX\fP
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Determine a pathname of the file to save messages from the system
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mailbox that have been read. The \fBexit\fP command shall
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override this function, as shall saving the message explicitly in
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another file. The default shall be \fBmbox\fP in the directory
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named by the \fIHOME\fP variable. The effects of this variable are
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unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option is not
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supported.
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.TP 7
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\fINLSPATH\fP
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Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
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\&.\fP
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.TP 7
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\fIPAGER\fP
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Determine a string representing an output filtering or pagination
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command for writing the output to the terminal. Any string
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acceptable as a \fIcommand_string\fP operand to the \fIsh\fP \fB-c\fP
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command shall be valid.
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When standard output is a terminal device, the message output shall
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be piped through the command if the \fImailx\fP internal
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variable \fBcrt\fP is set to a value less the number of lines in the
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message; see Internal Variables in
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mailx . If the \fIPAGER\fP variable is null or not set, the paginator
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shall be either \fImore\fP or another paginator utility documented
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in the system documentation. The effects of this
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variable are unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option
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is not supported.
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.TP 7
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\fISHELL\fP
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Determine the name of a preferred command interpreter. The default
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shall be \fIsh\fP. The
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effects of this variable are unspecified if the User Portability Utilities
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option is not supported.
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.TP 7
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\fITERM\fP
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If the internal variable \fBscreen\fP is not specified, determine
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the name of the terminal type to indicate in an unspecified
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manner the number of lines in a screenful of headers. If \fITERM\fP
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is not set or is set to null, an unspecified default terminal
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type shall be used and the value of a screenful is unspecified. The
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effects of this variable are unspecified if the User
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Portability Utilities option is not supported.
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.TP 7
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\fITZ\fP
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This variable may determine the timezone used to calculate date and
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time strings written by \fImailx\fP. If \fITZ\fP is unset
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or null, an unspecified default timezone shall be used.
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.TP 7
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\fIVISUAL\fP
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Determine a pathname of a utility to invoke when the \fBvisual\fP
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command (see Commands in
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mailx ) or \fB~v\fP command-escape (see Command Escapes in mailx )
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is used. If this
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variable is null or not set, the full-screen editor shall be \fIvi\fP.
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The effects of this
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variable are unspecified if the User Portability Utilities option
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is not supported.
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.sp
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.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
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.LP
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When \fImailx\fP is in Send Mode and standard input is not a terminal,
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it shall take the standard action for all signals.
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.LP
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In Receive Mode, or in Send Mode when standard input is a terminal,
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if a SIGINT signal is received:
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.IP " 1." 4
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If in command mode, the current command, if there is one, shall be
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aborted, and a command-mode prompt shall be written.
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.LP
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.IP " 2." 4
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If in input mode:
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.RS
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.IP " a." 4
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If \fBignore\fP is set, \fImailx\fP shall write \fB"@\\n"\fP , discard
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the current input line, and continue processing,
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bypassing the message-abort mechanism described in item 2b.
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.LP
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.IP " b." 4
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If the interrupt was received while sending mail, either when in Receive
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Mode or in Send Mode, a message shall be written, and
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another subsequent interrupt, with no other intervening characters
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typed, shall be required to abort the mail message. If in
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Receive Mode and another interrupt is received, a command-mode prompt
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shall be written. If in Send Mode and another interrupt is
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received, \fImailx\fP shall terminate with a non-zero status.
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.LP
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In both cases listed in item b, if the message is not empty:
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.RS
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.IP "i. " 5
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If \fBsave\fP is enabled and the file named by \fIDEAD\fP can be created,
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the message shall be written to the file named by
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\fIDEAD .\fP If the file exists, the message shall be written to replace
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the contents of the file.
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.LP
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.IP "ii." 5
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If \fBsave\fP is not enabled, or the file named by \fIDEAD\fP cannot
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be created, the message shall not be saved.
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.LP
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.RE
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.LP
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.RE
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.LP
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.LP
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The \fImailx\fP utility shall take the standard action for all other
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signals.
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.SH STDOUT
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.LP
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In command and input modes, all output, including prompts and messages,
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shall be written to standard output.
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.SH STDERR
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.LP
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The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
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.SH OUTPUT FILES
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.LP
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Various \fImailx\fP commands and command escapes can create or add
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to files, including the \fBmbox\fP, the dead-letter file,
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and secondary mailboxes. When \fImailx\fP is used as described in
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this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, these files shall
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be text files, formatted as follows:
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\fBline beginning with\fP \fBFrom<space>
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.br
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[\fP\fBone or more\fP \fIheader-lines\fP; see Commands in mailx \fB]
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.br
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\fP \fIempty line
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.br
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\fP \fB[\fP\fBzero or more\fP \fIbody lines
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.br
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empty line\fP\fB]
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.br
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[\fP\fBline beginning with\fP \fBFrom<space>...]\fP
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.LP
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|
where each message begins with the \fBFrom\ <space>\fP line shown,
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|
preceded by the beginning of the file or an empty
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|
line. (The \fBFrom <space>\fP line is considered to be part of the
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message header, but not one of the header-lines referred
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to in Commands in mailx ; thus, it shall not be affected by the \fBdiscard\fP,
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\fBignore\fP, or
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\fBretain\fP commands.) The formats of the remainder of the \fBFrom
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<space>\fP line and any additional header lines are
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unspecified, except that none shall be empty. The format of a message
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body line is also unspecified, except that no line following
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an empty line shall start with \fBFrom <space>\fP; \fImailx\fP shall
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modify any such user-entered message body lines
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(following an empty line and beginning with \fBFrom <space>\fP) by
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adding one or more characters to precede the \fB'F'\fP
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; it may add these characters to \fBFrom <space>\fP lines that are
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not preceded by an empty line.
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.LP
|
|
When a message from the system mailbox or entered by the user is not
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a text file, it is implementation-defined how such a
|
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message is stored in files written by \fImailx\fP.
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|
.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
|
|
.LP
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|
The entire EXTENDED DESCRIPTION section shall apply only to implementations
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supporting the User Portability Utilities
|
|
option.
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.LP
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|
The \fImailx\fP utility cannot guarantee support for all character
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encodings in all circumstances. For example, inter-system
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mail may be restricted to 7-bit data by the underlying network, 8-bit
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data need not be portable to non-internationalized systems,
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|
and so on. Under these circumstances, it is recommended that only
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|
characters defined in the ISO/IEC\ 646:1991 standard
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International Reference Version (equivalent to ASCII) 7-bit range
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of characters be used.
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.LP
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|
When \fImailx\fP is invoked using one of the Receive Mode synopsis
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forms, it shall write a page of header-summary lines (if
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\fB-N\fP was not specified and there are messages, see below), followed
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by a prompt indicating that \fImailx\fP can accept
|
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regular commands (see Commands in mailx ); this is termed \fIcommand
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mode\fP. The page of
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header-summary lines shall contain the first new message if there
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are new messages, or the first unread message if there are unread
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messages, or the first message. When \fImailx\fP is invoked using
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the Send Mode synopsis and standard input is a terminal, if no
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subject is specified on the command line and the \fBasksub\fP variable
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is set, a prompt for the subject shall be written. At this
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point, \fImailx\fP shall be in input mode. This input mode shall also
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|
be entered when using one of the Receive Mode synopsis forms
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and a reply or new message is composed using the \fBreply\fP, \fBReply\fP,
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\fBfollowup\fP, \fBFollowup\fP, or \fBmail\fP
|
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commands and standard input is a terminal. When the message is typed
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|
and the end of the message is encountered, the message shall
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|
be passed to the mail delivery software. Commands can be entered by
|
|
beginning a line with the escape character (by default, tilde (
|
|
\fB'~'\fP )) followed by a single command letter and optional arguments.
|
|
See Commands in
|
|
mailx for a summary of these commands. It is unspecified what effect
|
|
these commands will have if standard input is not a
|
|
terminal when a message is entered using either the Send Mode synopsis,
|
|
or the Read Mode commands \fBreply\fP, \fBReply\fP,
|
|
\fBfollowup\fP, \fBFollowup\fP, or \fBmail\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBNote:\fP
|
|
For notational convenience, this section uses the default escape character,
|
|
tilde, in all references and examples.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
At any time, the behavior of \fImailx\fP shall be governed by a set
|
|
of environmental and internal variables. These are flags
|
|
and valued parameters that can be set and cleared via the \fImailx\fP
|
|
\fBset\fP and \fBunset\fP commands.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Regular commands are of the form:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB[\fP\fIcommand\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB] [\fP\fIargument\fP \fB...\fP\fB]
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
If no \fIcommand\fP is specified in command mode, \fBnext\fP shall
|
|
be assumed. In input mode, commands shall be recognized by
|
|
the escape character, and lines not treated as commands shall be taken
|
|
as input for the message.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In command mode, each message shall be assigned a sequential number,
|
|
starting with 1.
|
|
.LP
|
|
All messages have a state that shall affect how they are displayed
|
|
in the header summary and how they are retained or deleted
|
|
upon termination of \fImailx\fP. There is at any time the notion of
|
|
a \fIcurrent\fP message, which shall be marked by a
|
|
\fB'>'\fP at the beginning of a line in the header summary. When \fImailx\fP
|
|
is invoked using one of the Receive Mode
|
|
synopsis forms, the current message shall be the first new message,
|
|
if there is a new message, or the first unread message if there
|
|
is an unread message, or the first message if there are any messages,
|
|
or unspecified if there are no messages in the mailbox. Each
|
|
command that takes an optional list of messages (\fImsglist\fP) or
|
|
an optional single message (\fImessage\fP) on which to operate
|
|
shall leave the current message set to the highest-numbered message
|
|
of the messages specified, unless the command deletes messages,
|
|
in which case the current message shall be set to the first undeleted
|
|
message (that is, a message not in the deleted state) after
|
|
the highest-numbered message deleted by the command, if one exists,
|
|
or the first undeleted message before the highest-numbered
|
|
message deleted by the command, if one exists, or to an unspecified
|
|
value if there are no remaining undeleted messages. All
|
|
messages shall be in one of the following states:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fInew\fP
|
|
The message is present in the system mailbox and has not been viewed
|
|
by the user or moved to any other state. Messages in state
|
|
\fInew\fP when \fImailx\fP quits shall be retained in the system mailbox.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIunread\fP
|
|
The message has been present in the system mailbox for more than one
|
|
invocation of \fImailx\fP and has not been viewed by the
|
|
user or moved to any other state. Messages in state \fIunread\fP when
|
|
\fImailx\fP quits shall be retained in the system
|
|
mailbox.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIread\fP
|
|
The message has been processed by one of the following commands: \fB~f\fP,
|
|
\fB~m\fP, \fB~F\fP,
|
|
\fB~M\fP, \fBcopy\fP, \fBmbox\fP, \fBnext\fP, \fBpipe\fP, \fBprint\fP,
|
|
\fBPrint\fP, \fBtop\fP, \fBtype\fP,
|
|
\fBType\fP, \fBundelete\fP. The \fBdelete\fP, \fBdp\fP, and \fBdt\fP
|
|
commands may also cause the next message to be marked as
|
|
\fIread\fP, depending on the value of the \fBautoprint\fP variable.
|
|
Messages that are in the system mailbox and in state
|
|
\fIread\fP when \fImailx\fP quits shall be saved in the \fBmbox\fP,
|
|
unless the internal variable \fBhold\fP was set. Messages
|
|
that are in the \fBmbox\fP or in a secondary mailbox and in state
|
|
\fIread\fP when \fImailx\fP quits shall be retained in their
|
|
current location.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIdeleted\fP
|
|
The message has been processed by one of the following commands: \fBdelete\fP,
|
|
\fBdp\fP, \fBdt\fP. Messages in state
|
|
\fIdeleted\fP when \fImailx\fP quits shall be deleted. Deleted messages
|
|
shall be ignored until \fImailx\fP quits or changes
|
|
mailboxes or they are specified to the undelete command; for example,
|
|
the message specification / \fIstring\fP shall only search
|
|
the subject lines of messages that have not yet been deleted, unless
|
|
the command operating on the list of messages is
|
|
\fBundelete\fP. No deleted message or deleted message header shall
|
|
be displayed by any \fImailx\fP command other than
|
|
\fBundelete\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIpreserved\fP
|
|
The message has been processed by a \fBpreserve\fP command. When \fImailx\fP
|
|
quits, the message shall be retained in its
|
|
current location.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIsaved\fP
|
|
The message has been processed by one of the following commands: \fBsave\fP
|
|
or \fBwrite\fP. If the current mailbox is the
|
|
system mailbox, and the internal variable \fBkeepsave\fP is set, messages
|
|
in the state saved shall be saved to the file designated
|
|
by the \fIMBOX\fP variable (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section).
|
|
If the current mailbox is the system mailbox, messages in the
|
|
state \fIsaved\fP shall be deleted from the current mailbox, when
|
|
the \fBquit\fP or \fBfile\fP command is used to exit the
|
|
current mailbox.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
The header-summary line for each message shall indicate the state
|
|
of the message.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Many commands take an optional list of messages ( \fImsglist\fP) on
|
|
which to operate, which defaults to the current message. A
|
|
\fImsglist\fP is a list of message specifications separated by <blank>s,
|
|
which can include:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBn\fP
|
|
Message number \fIn\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB+\fP
|
|
The next undeleted message, or the next deleted message for the \fBundelete\fP
|
|
command.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB-\fP
|
|
The next previous undeleted message, or the next previous deleted
|
|
message for the \fBundelete\fP command.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB\&.\fP
|
|
The current message.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB^\fP
|
|
The first undeleted message, or the first deleted message for the
|
|
\fBundelete\fP command.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB$\fP
|
|
The last message.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB*\fP
|
|
All messages.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBn-m\fP
|
|
An inclusive range of message numbers.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fIaddress\fP
|
|
All messages from \fIaddress\fP; any address as shown in a header
|
|
summary shall be matchable in this form.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
/\fIstring\fP
|
|
All messages with \fIstring\fP in the subject line (case ignored).
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB:c\fP
|
|
All messages of type \fIc\fP, where \fIc\fP shall be one of:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBd\fP
|
|
.RS
|
|
Deleted messages.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBn\fP
|
|
.RS
|
|
New messages.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBo\fP
|
|
.RS
|
|
Old messages (any not in state \fIread\fP or \fInew\fP).
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBr\fP
|
|
.RS
|
|
Read messages.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBu\fP
|
|
.RS
|
|
Unread messages.
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Other commands take an optional message ( \fImessage\fP) on which
|
|
to operate, which defaults to the current message. All of the
|
|
forms allowed for \fImsglist\fP are also allowed for \fImessage\fP,
|
|
but if more than one message is specified, only the first
|
|
shall be operated on.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Other arguments are usually arbitrary strings whose usage depends
|
|
on the command involved.
|
|
.SS Start-Up in mailx
|
|
.LP
|
|
At start-up time, \fImailx\fP shall take the following steps in sequence:
|
|
.IP " 1." 4
|
|
Establish all variables at their stated default values.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " 2." 4
|
|
Process command line options, overriding corresponding default values.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " 3." 4
|
|
Import any of the \fIDEAD ,\fP \fIEDITOR ,\fP \fIMBOX ,\fP \fILISTER
|
|
,\fP \fIPAGER ,\fP \fISHELL ,\fP or \fIVISUAL\fP
|
|
variables that are present in the environment, overriding the corresponding
|
|
default values.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " 4." 4
|
|
Read \fImailx\fP commands from an unspecified system start-up file,
|
|
unless the \fB-n\fP option is given, to initialize any
|
|
internal \fImailx\fP variables and aliases.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " 5." 4
|
|
Process the start-up file of \fImailx\fP commands named in the user
|
|
\fIMAILRC\fP variable.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.LP
|
|
Most regular \fImailx\fP commands are valid inside start-up files,
|
|
the most common use being to set up initial display options
|
|
and alias lists. The following commands shall be invalid in the start-up
|
|
file: \fB!\fP, \fBedit\fP, \fBhold\fP, \fBmail\fP,
|
|
\fBpreserve\fP, \fBreply\fP, \fBReply\fP, \fBshell\fP, \fBvisual\fP,
|
|
\fBCopy\fP, \fBfollowup\fP, and \fBFollowup\fP. Any
|
|
errors in the start-up file shall either cause \fImailx\fP to terminate
|
|
with a diagnostic message and a non-zero status or to
|
|
continue after writing a diagnostic message, ignoring the remainder
|
|
of the lines in the start-up file.
|
|
.LP
|
|
A blank line in a start-up file shall be ignored.
|
|
.SS Internal Variables in mailx
|
|
.LP
|
|
The following variables are internal \fImailx\fP variables. Each internal
|
|
variable can be set via the \fImailx\fP \fBset\fP
|
|
command at any time. The \fBunset\fP and \fBset\ no\fP \fIname\fP
|
|
commands can be used to erase variables.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the following list, variables shown as:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBvariable
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
represent Boolean values. Variables shown as:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBvariable=\fP\fIvalue\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
shall be assigned string or numeric values. For string values, the
|
|
rules in Commands in mailx
|
|
concerning filenames and quoting shall also apply.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The defaults specified here may be changed by the implementation-defined
|
|
system start-up file unless the user specifies the
|
|
\fB-n\fP option.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBallnet\fP
|
|
All network names whose login name components match shall be treated
|
|
as identical. This shall cause the \fImsglist\fP message
|
|
specifications to behave similarly. The default shall be \fBnoallnet\fP.
|
|
See also the \fBalternates\fP command and the
|
|
\fBmetoo\fP variable.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBappend\fP
|
|
Append messages to the end of the \fBmbox\fP file upon termination
|
|
instead of placing them at the beginning. The default shall
|
|
be \fBnoappend\fP. This variable shall not affect the \fBsave\fP command
|
|
when saving to \fBmbox\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBask\fP,\ \fBasksub\fP
|
|
Prompt for a subject line on outgoing mail if one is not specified
|
|
on the command line with the \fB-s\fP option. The
|
|
\fBask\fP and \fBasksub\fP forms are synonyms; the system shall refer
|
|
to \fBasksub\fP and \fBnoasksub\fP in its messages, but
|
|
shall accept \fBask\fP and \fBnoask\fP as user input to mean \fBasksub\fP
|
|
and \fBnoasksub\fP. It shall not be possible to set
|
|
both \fBask\fP and \fBnoasksub\fP, or \fBnoask\fP and \fBasksub\fP.
|
|
The default shall be \fBasksub\fP, but no prompting shall
|
|
be done if standard input is not a terminal.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBaskbcc\fP
|
|
Prompt for the blind copy list. The default shall be \fBnoaskbcc\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBaskcc\fP
|
|
Prompt for the copy list. The default shall be \fBnoaskcc\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBautoprint\fP
|
|
Enable automatic writing of messages after \fBdelete\fP and \fBundelete\fP
|
|
commands. The default shall be
|
|
\fBnoautoprint\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBbang\fP
|
|
Enable the special-case treatment of exclamation marks ( \fB'!'\fP
|
|
) in escape command lines; see the \fBescape\fP command
|
|
and Command Escapes in mailx . The default shall be \fBnobang\fP,
|
|
disabling the expansion of
|
|
\fB'!'\fP in the \fIcommand\fP argument to the \fB~!\fP command and
|
|
the \fB~<!\fP \fIcommand\fP escape.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBcmd\fP=\fIcommand\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the default command to be invoked by the \fBpipe\fP command. The
|
|
default shall be \fBnocmd\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBcrt\fP=\fInumber\fP
|
|
Pipe messages having more than \fInumber\fP lines through the command
|
|
specified by the value of the \fIPAGER\fP variable. The
|
|
default shall be \fBnocrt\fP. If it is set to null, the value used
|
|
is implementation-defined.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBdebug\fP
|
|
Enable verbose diagnostics for debugging. Messages are not delivered.
|
|
The default shall be \fBnodebug\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBdot\fP
|
|
When \fBdot\fP is set, a period on a line by itself during message
|
|
input from a terminal shall also signify end-of-file (in
|
|
addition to normal end-of-file). The default shall be \fBnodot\fP.
|
|
If \fBignoreeof\fP is set (see below), a setting of
|
|
\fBnodot\fP shall be ignored and the period is the only method to
|
|
terminate input mode.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBescape\fP=\fIc\fP
|
|
Set the command escape character to be the character \fB'c'\fP . By
|
|
default, the command escape character shall be tilde. If
|
|
\fBescape\fP is unset, tilde shall be used; if it is set to null,
|
|
command escaping shall be disabled.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBflipr\fP
|
|
Reverse the meanings of the \fBR\fP and \fBr\fP commands. The default
|
|
shall be \fBnoflipr\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBfolder\fP=\fIdirectory\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
The default directory for saving mail files. User-specified filenames
|
|
beginning with a plus sign ( \fB'+'\fP ) shall be expanded
|
|
by preceding the filename with this directory name to obtain the real
|
|
pathname. If \fIdirectory\fP does not start with a slash (
|
|
\fB'/'\fP ), the contents of \fIHOME\fP shall be prefixed to it. The
|
|
default shall be \fBnofolder\fP. If \fBfolder\fP is
|
|
unset or set to null, user-specified filenames beginning with \fB'+'\fP
|
|
shall refer to files in the current directory that begin
|
|
with the literal \fB'+'\fP character. See also \fBoutfolder\fP below.
|
|
The \fBfolder\fP value need not affect the processing of
|
|
the files named in \fIMBOX\fP and \fIDEAD .\fP
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBheader\fP
|
|
Enable writing of the header summary when entering \fImailx\fP in
|
|
Receive Mode. The default shall be \fBheader\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBhold\fP
|
|
Preserve all messages that are read in the system mailbox instead
|
|
of putting them in the \fBmbox\fP save file. The default
|
|
shall be \fBnohold\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBignore\fP
|
|
Ignore interrupts while entering messages. The default shall be \fBnoignore\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBignoreeof\fP
|
|
Ignore normal end-of-file during message input. Input can be terminated
|
|
only by entering a period ( \fB'.'\fP ) on a line by
|
|
itself or by the \fB~.\fP command escape. The default shall be \fBnoignoreeof\fP.
|
|
See also \fBdot\fP above.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBindentprefix\fP=\fIstring\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
A string that shall be added as a prefix to each line that is inserted
|
|
into the message by the \fB~m\fP command escape. This
|
|
variable shall default to one <tab>.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBkeep\fP
|
|
When a system mailbox, secondary mailbox, or \fBmbox\fP is empty,
|
|
truncate it to zero length instead of removing it. The
|
|
default shall be \fBnokeep\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBkeepsave\fP
|
|
Keep the messages that have been saved from the system mailbox into
|
|
other files in the file designated by the variable \fIMBOX
|
|
,\fP instead of deleting them. The default shall be \fBnokeepsave\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBmetoo\fP
|
|
Suppress the deletion of the login name of the user from the recipient
|
|
list when replying to a message or sending to a group.
|
|
The default shall be \fBnometoo\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBonehop\fP
|
|
When responding to a message that was originally sent to several recipients,
|
|
the other recipient addresses are normally forced to
|
|
be relative to the originating author's machine for the response.
|
|
This flag disables alteration of the recipients' addresses,
|
|
improving efficiency in a network where all machines can send directly
|
|
to all other machines (that is, one hop away). The default
|
|
shall be \fBnoonehop\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBoutfolder\fP
|
|
Cause the files used to record outgoing messages to be located in
|
|
the directory specified by the \fBfolder\fP variable unless
|
|
the pathname is absolute. The default shall be \fBnooutfolder\fP.
|
|
See the \fBrecord\fP variable.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBpage\fP
|
|
Insert a <form-feed> after each message sent through the pipe created
|
|
by the \fBpipe\fP command. The default shall be
|
|
\fBnopage\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBprompt\fP=\fIstring\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the command-mode prompt to \fIstring\fP. If \fIstring\fP is null
|
|
or if \fBnoprompt\fP is set, no prompting shall occur. The
|
|
default shall be to prompt with the string \fB"?\ "\fP .
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBquiet\fP
|
|
Refrain from writing the opening message and version when entering
|
|
\fImailx\fP. The default shall be \fBnoquiet\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBrecord\fP=\fIfile\fP
|
|
Record all outgoing mail in the file with the pathname \fIfile\fP.
|
|
The default shall be \fBnorecord\fP. See also
|
|
\fBoutfolder\fP above.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBsave\fP
|
|
Enable saving of messages in the dead-letter file on interrupt or
|
|
delivery error. See the variable \fIDEAD\fP for the location
|
|
of the dead-letter file. The default shall be \fBsave\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBscreen\fP=\fInumber\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the number of lines in a screenful of headers for the \fBheaders\fP
|
|
and \fBz\fP commands. If \fBscreen\fP is not specified,
|
|
a value based on the terminal type identified by the \fITERM\fP environment
|
|
variable, the window size, the baud rate, or some
|
|
combination of these shall be used.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBsendwait\fP
|
|
Wait for the background mailer to finish before returning. The default
|
|
shall be \fBnosendwait\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBshowto\fP
|
|
When the sender of the message was the user who is invoking \fImailx\fP,
|
|
write the information from the \fBTo:\fP line
|
|
instead of the \fBFrom:\fP line in the header summary. The default
|
|
shall be \fBnoshowto\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBsign\fP=\fIstring\fP
|
|
Set the variable inserted into the text of a message when the \fB~a\fP
|
|
command escape is given. The default shall be
|
|
\fBnosign\fP. The character sequences \fB'\\t'\fP and \fB'\\n'\fP
|
|
shall be recognized in the variable as <tab>s and
|
|
<newline>s, respectively. (See also \fB~i\fP in Command Escapes in
|
|
mailx .)
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBSign\fP=\fIstring\fP
|
|
Set the variable inserted into the text of a message when the \fB~A\fP
|
|
command escape is given. The default shall be
|
|
\fBnoSign\fP. The character sequences \fB'\\t'\fP and \fB'\\n'\fP
|
|
shall be recognized in the variable as <tab>s and
|
|
<newline>s, respectively.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fBtoplines\fP=\fInumber\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Set the number of lines of the message to write with the \fBtop\fP
|
|
command. The default shall be 5.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.SS Commands in mailx
|
|
.LP
|
|
The following \fImailx\fP commands shall be provided. In the following
|
|
list, header refers to lines from the message header, as
|
|
shown in the OUTPUT FILES section. Header-line refers to lines within
|
|
the header that begin with one or more non-white-space
|
|
characters, immediately followed by a colon and white space and continuing
|
|
until the next line beginning with a non-white-space
|
|
character or an empty line. Header-field refers to the portion of
|
|
a header line prior to the first colon in that line.
|
|
.LP
|
|
For each of the commands listed below, the command can be entered
|
|
as the abbreviation (those characters in the Synopsis command
|
|
word preceding the \fB'['\fP ), the full command (all characters shown
|
|
for the command word, omitting the \fB'['\fP and
|
|
\fB']'\fP ), or any truncation of the full command down to the abbreviation.
|
|
For example, the \fBexit\fP command (shown as
|
|
\fBex[it]\fP in the Synopsis) can be entered as \fBex\fP, \fBexi\fP,
|
|
or \fBexit\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The arguments to commands can be quoted, using the following methods:
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
An argument can be enclosed between paired double-quotes ( \fB""\fP
|
|
) or single-quotes ( \fB''\fP ); any white space,
|
|
shell word expansion, or backslash characters within the quotes shall
|
|
be treated literally as part of the argument. A double-quote
|
|
shall be treated literally within single-quotes and \fIvice versa\fP.
|
|
These special properties of the quote marks shall occur only
|
|
when they are paired at the beginning and end of the argument.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
A backslash outside of the enclosing quotes shall be discarded and
|
|
the following character treated literally as part of the
|
|
argument.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
An unquoted backslash at the end of a command line shall be discarded
|
|
and the next line shall continue the command.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.LP
|
|
Filenames, where expected, shall be subjected to the following transformations,
|
|
in sequence:
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
If the filename begins with an unquoted plus sign, and the \fBfolder\fP
|
|
variable is defined (see the \fBfolder\fP variable),
|
|
the plus sign shall be replaced by the value of the \fBfolder\fP variable
|
|
followed by a slash. If the \fBfolder\fP variable is
|
|
unset or is set to null, the filename shall be unchanged.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
Shell word expansions shall be applied to the filename (see \fIWord
|
|
Expansions\fP ). If
|
|
more than a single pathname results from this expansion and the command
|
|
is expecting one file, the effects are unspecified.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.SS Declare Aliases
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBa\fP\fB[\fP\fBlias\fP\fB] [\fP\fIalias\fP \fB[\fP\fIaddress\fP\fB...\fP\fB]]\fP\fBg\fP\fB[\fP\fBroup\fP\fB] [\fP\fIalias\fP \fB[\fP\fIaddress\fP\fB...\fP\fB]]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Add the given addresses to the alias specified by \fIalias\fP. The
|
|
names shall be substituted when \fIalias\fP is used as a
|
|
recipient address specified by the user in an outgoing message (that
|
|
is, other recipients addressed indirectly through the
|
|
\fBreply\fP command shall not be substituted in this manner). Mail
|
|
address alias substitution shall apply only when the alias
|
|
string is used as a full address; for example, when \fBhlj\fP is an
|
|
alias, \fIhlj@posix.com\fP does not trigger the alias
|
|
substitution. If no arguments are given, write a listing of the current
|
|
aliases to standard output. If only an \fIalias\fP
|
|
argument is given, write a listing of the specified alias to standard
|
|
output. These listings need not reflect the same order of
|
|
addresses that were entered.
|
|
.SS Declare Alternatives
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBalt\fP\fB[\fP\fBernates\fP\fB]\fP \fIname\fP\fB...
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
(See also the \fBmetoo\fP command.) Declare a list of alternative
|
|
names for the user's login. When responding to a message,
|
|
these names shall be removed from the list of recipients for the response.
|
|
The comparison of names shall be in a case-insensitive
|
|
manner. With no arguments, \fBalternates\fP shall write the current
|
|
list of alternative names.
|
|
.SS Change Current Directory
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBcd\fP \fB[\fP\fIdirectory\fP\fB]\fP\fBch\fP\fB[\fP\fBdir\fP\fB] [\fP\fIdirectory\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Change directory. If \fIdirectory\fP is not specified, the contents
|
|
of \fIHOME\fP shall be used.
|
|
.SS Copy Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBc\fP\fB[\fP\fBopy\fP\fB] [\fP\fIfile\fP\fB]\fP\fBc\fP\fB[\fP\fBopy\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP \fIfile\fP\fBC\fP\fB[\fP\fBopy\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Copy messages to the file named by the pathname \fIfile\fP without
|
|
marking the messages as saved. Otherwise, it shall be
|
|
equivalent to the \fBsave\fP command.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the capitalized form, save the specified messages in a file whose
|
|
name is derived from the author of the message to be saved,
|
|
without marking the messages as saved. Otherwise, it shall be equivalent
|
|
to the \fBSave\fP command.
|
|
.SS Delete Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBd\fP\fB[\fP\fBelete\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mark messages for deletion from the mailbox. The deletions shall not
|
|
occur until \fImailx\fP quits (see the \fBquit\fP
|
|
command) or changes mailboxes (see the \fBfolder\fP command). If \fBautoprint\fP
|
|
is set and there are messages remaining after
|
|
the \fBdelete\fP command, the current message shall be written as
|
|
described for the \fBprint\fP command (see the \fBprint\fP
|
|
command); otherwise, the \fImailx\fP prompt shall be written.
|
|
.SS Discard Header Fields
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBdi\fP\fB[\fP\fBscard\fP\fB] [\fP\fIheader-field\fP\fB...\fP\fB]\fP\fBig\fP\fB[\fP\fBnore\fP\fB] [\fP\fIheader-field\fP\fB...\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Suppress the specified header fields when writing messages. Specified
|
|
\fIheader-fields\fP shall be added to the list of
|
|
suppressed header fields. Examples of header fields to ignore are
|
|
\fBstatus\fP and \fBcc\fP. The fields shall be included when
|
|
the message is saved. The \fBPrint\fP and \fBType\fP commands shall
|
|
override this command. The comparison of header fields shall
|
|
be in a case-insensitive manner. If no arguments are specified, write
|
|
a list of the currently suppressed header fields to standard
|
|
output; the listing need not reflect the same order of header fields
|
|
that were entered.
|
|
.LP
|
|
If both \fBretain\fP and \fBdiscard\fP commands are given, \fBdiscard\fP
|
|
commands shall be ignored.
|
|
.SS Delete Messages and Display
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBdp\fP \fB[\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP\fBdt\fP \fB[\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Delete the specified messages as described for the \fBdelete\fP command,
|
|
except that the \fBautoprint\fP variable shall have
|
|
no effect, and the current message shall be written only if it was
|
|
set to a message after the last message deleted by the command.
|
|
Otherwise, an informational message to the effect that there are no
|
|
further messages in the mailbox shall be written, followed by
|
|
the \fImailx\fP prompt.
|
|
.SS Echo a String
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBec\fP\fB[\fP\fBho\fP\fB]\fP \fIstring\fP \fB...
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Echo the given strings, equivalent to the shell \fIecho\fP utility.
|
|
.SS Edit Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBe\fP\fB[\fP\fBdit\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Edit the given messages. The messages shall be placed in a temporary
|
|
file and the utility named by the \fIEDITOR\fP variable is
|
|
invoked to edit each file in sequence. The default \fIEDITOR\fP is
|
|
unspecified.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBedit\fP command does not modify the contents of those messages
|
|
in the mailbox.
|
|
.SS Exit
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBex\fP\fB[\fP\fBit\fP\fB]\fP\fBx\fP\fB[\fP\fBit\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Exit from \fImailx\fP without changing the mailbox. No messages shall
|
|
be saved in the \fBmbox\fP (see also \fBquit\fP).
|
|
.SS Change Folder
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBfi\fP\fB[\fP\fBle\fP\fB] [\fP\fIfile\fP\fB]\fP\fBfold\fP\fB[\fP\fBer\fP\fB] [\fP\fIfile\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Quit (see the \fBquit\fP command) from the current file of messages
|
|
and read in the file named by the pathname \fIfile\fP. If
|
|
no argument is given, the name and status of the current mailbox shall
|
|
be written.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Several unquoted special characters shall be recognized when used
|
|
as \fIfile\fP names, with the following substitutions:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB%\fP
|
|
The system mailbox for the invoking user.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB%\fP\fIuser\fP
|
|
The system mailbox for \fIuser\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB#\fP
|
|
The previous file.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB&\fP
|
|
The current \fBmbox\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB+\fP\fIfile\fP
|
|
The named file in the \fBfolder\fP directory. (See the \fBfolder\fP
|
|
variable.)
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
The default file shall be the current mailbox.
|
|
.SS Display List of Folders
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBfolders\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the names of the files in the directory set by the \fBfolder\fP
|
|
variable. The command specified by the \fILISTER\fP
|
|
environment variable shall be used (see the ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
|
|
section).
|
|
.SS Follow Up Specified Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBfo\fP\fB[\fP\fBllowup\fP\fB] [\fP\fImessage\fP\fB]\fP\fBF\fP\fB[\fP\fBollowup\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the lowercase form, respond to a message, recording the response
|
|
in a file whose name is derived from the author of the
|
|
message. See also the \fBsave\fP and \fBcopy\fP commands and \fBoutfolder\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the capitalized form, respond to the first message in the \fImsglist\fP,
|
|
sending the message to the author of each message
|
|
in the \fImsglist\fP. The subject line shall be taken from the first
|
|
message and the response shall be recorded in a file whose
|
|
name is derived from the author of the first message. See also the
|
|
\fBSave\fP and \fBCopy\fP commands and \fBoutfolder\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Both forms shall override the \fBrecord\fP variable, if set.
|
|
.SS Display Header Summary for Specified Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBf\fP\fB[\fP\fBrom\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the header summary for the specified messages.
|
|
.SS Display Header Summary
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBh\fP\fB[\fP\fBeaders\fP\fB] [\fP\fImessage\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the page of headers that includes the message specified. If
|
|
the \fImessage\fP argument is not specified, the current
|
|
message shall not change. However, if the \fImessage\fP argument is
|
|
specified, the current message shall become the message that
|
|
appears at the top of the page of headers that includes the message
|
|
specified. The \fBscreen\fP variable sets the number of
|
|
headers per page. See also the \fBz\fP command.
|
|
.SS Help
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBhel\fP\fB[\fP\fBp\fP\fB]\fP\fB?
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write a summary of commands.
|
|
.SS Hold Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBho\fP\fB[\fP\fBld\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP\fBpre\fP\fB[\fP\fBserve\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mark the messages in \fImsglist\fP to be retained in the mailbox when
|
|
\fImailx\fP terminates. This shall override any commands
|
|
that might previously have marked the messages to be deleted. During
|
|
the current invocation of \fImailx\fP, only the
|
|
\fBdelete\fP, \fBdp\fP, or \fBdt\fP commands shall remove the \fIpreserve\fP
|
|
marking of a message.
|
|
.SS Execute Commands Conditionally
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBi\fP\fB[\fP\fBf\fP\fB]\fP \fBs|r
|
|
\fP\fImail-command\fP\fBs
|
|
el\fP\fB[\fP\fBse\fP\fB]
|
|
\fP\fImail-command\fP\fBs
|
|
en\fP\fB[\fP\fBdif\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Execute commands conditionally, where \fBif\ s\fP executes the following
|
|
\fImail-command\fPs, up to an \fBelse\fP or
|
|
\fBendif\fP, if the program is in Send Mode, and \fBif\ r\fP shall
|
|
cause the \fImail-command\fPs to be executed only in
|
|
Receive Mode.
|
|
.SS List Available Commands
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBl\fP\fB[\fP\fBist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write a list of all commands available. No explanation shall be given.
|
|
.SS Mail a Message
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBm\fP\fB[\fP\fBail\fP\fB]\fP \fIaddress\fP\fB...
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mail a message to the specified addresses or aliases.
|
|
.SS Direct Messages to mbox
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBmb\fP\fB[\fP\fBox\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Arrange for the given messages to end up in the \fBmbox\fP save file
|
|
when \fImailx\fP terminates normally. See \fIMBOX .\fP
|
|
See also the \fBexit\fP and \fBquit\fP commands.
|
|
.SS Process Next Specified Message
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBn\fP\fB[\fP\fBext\fP\fB] [\fP\fImessage\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
If the current message has not been written (for example, by the \fBprint\fP
|
|
command) since \fImailx\fP started or since any
|
|
other message was the current message, behave as if the \fBprint\fP
|
|
command was entered. Otherwise, if there is an undeleted
|
|
message after the current message, make it the current message and
|
|
behave as if the \fBprint\fP command was entered. Otherwise, an
|
|
informational message to the effect that there are no further messages
|
|
in the mailbox shall be written, followed by the
|
|
\fImailx\fP prompt.
|
|
.SS Pipe Message
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBpi\fP\fB[\fP\fBpe\fP\fB] [[\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP \fIcommand\fP\fB]\fP\fB|\fP \fB[[\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP \fIcommand\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Pipe the messages through the given \fIcommand\fP by invoking the
|
|
command interpreter specified by \fISHELL\fP with two
|
|
arguments: \fB-c\fP and \fIcommand\fP. (See also \fIsh\fP \fB-c\fP.)
|
|
The application shall
|
|
ensure that the command is given as a single argument. Quoting, described
|
|
previously, can be used to accomplish this. If no
|
|
arguments are given, the current message shall be piped through the
|
|
command specified by the value of the \fBcmd\fP variable. If
|
|
the \fBpage\fP variable is set, a <form-feed> shall be inserted after
|
|
each message.
|
|
.SS Display Message with Headers
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBP\fP\fB[\fP\fBrint\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP\fBT\fP\fB[\fP\fBype\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the specified messages, including all header lines, to standard
|
|
output. Override suppression of lines by the
|
|
\fBdiscard\fP, \fBignore\fP, and \fBretain\fP commands. If \fBcrt\fP
|
|
is set, the messages longer than the number of lines
|
|
specified by the \fBcrt\fP variable shall be paged through the command
|
|
specified by the \fIPAGER\fP environment variable.
|
|
.SS Display Message
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBp\fP\fB[\fP\fBrint\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP\fBt\fP\fB[\fP\fBype\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the specified messages to standard output. If \fBcrt\fP is set,
|
|
the messages longer than the number of lines specified by
|
|
the \fBcrt\fP variable shall be paged through the command specified
|
|
by the \fIPAGER\fP environment variable.
|
|
.SS Quit
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBq\fP\fB[\fP\fBuit\fP\fB]
|
|
\fP\fIend-of-file\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Terminate \fImailx\fP, storing messages that were read in \fBmbox\fP
|
|
(if the current mailbox is the system mailbox and unless
|
|
\fBhold\fP is set), deleting messages that have been explicitly saved
|
|
(unless \fBkeepsave\fP is set), discarding messages that
|
|
have been deleted, and saving all remaining messages in the mailbox.
|
|
.SS Reply to a Message List
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBR\fP\fB[\fP\fBeply\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP\fBR\fP\fB[\fP\fBespond\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mail a reply message to the sender of each message in the \fImsglist\fP.
|
|
The subject line shall be formed by concatenating
|
|
\fBRe:\fP <space> (unless it already begins with that string) and
|
|
the subject from the first message. If \fBrecord\fP is
|
|
set to a filename, the response shall be saved at the end of that
|
|
file.
|
|
.LP
|
|
See also the \fBflipr\fP variable.
|
|
.SS Reply to a Message
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBr\fP\fB[\fP\fBeply\fP\fB] [\fP\fImessage\fP\fB]\fP\fBr\fP\fB[\fP\fBespond\fP\fB] [\fP\fImessage\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Mail a reply message to all recipients included in the header of the
|
|
message. The subject line shall be formed by concatenating
|
|
\fBRe:\fP <space> (unless it already begins with that string) and
|
|
the subject from the message. If \fBrecord\fP is set to a
|
|
filename, the response shall be saved at the end of that file.
|
|
.LP
|
|
See also the \fBflipr\fP variable.
|
|
.SS Retain Header Fields
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBret\fP\fB[\fP\fBain\fP\fB] [\fP\fIheader-field\fP\fB...\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Retain the specified header fields when writing messages. This command
|
|
shall override all \fBdiscard\fP and \fBignore\fP
|
|
commands. The comparison of header fields shall be in a case-insensitive
|
|
manner. If no arguments are specified, write a list of the
|
|
currently retained header fields to standard output; the listing need
|
|
not reflect the same order of header fields that were
|
|
entered.
|
|
.SS Save Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBs\fP\fB[\fP\fBave\fP\fB] [\fP\fIfile\fP\fB]\fP\fBs\fP\fB[\fP\fBave\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP \fIfile\fP\fBS\fP\fB[\fP\fBave\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Save the specified messages in the file named by the pathname \fIfile\fP,
|
|
or the \fBmbox\fP if the \fIfile\fP argument is
|
|
omitted. The file shall be created if it does not exist; otherwise,
|
|
the messages shall be appended to the file. The message shall
|
|
be put in the state \fIsaved\fP, and shall behave as specified in
|
|
the description of the \fIsaved\fP state when the current
|
|
mailbox is exited by the \fBquit\fP or \fBfile\fP command.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the capitalized form, save the specified messages in a file whose
|
|
name is derived from the author of the first message. The
|
|
name of the file shall be taken to be the author's name with all network
|
|
addressing stripped off. See also the \fBCopy\fP,
|
|
\fBfollowup\fP, and \fBFollowup\fP commands and \fBoutfolder\fP variable.
|
|
.SS Set Variables
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBse\fP\fB[\fP\fBt\fP\fB] [\fP\fIname\fP\fB[\fP\fB=\fP\fB[\fP\fIstring\fP\fB]]\fP \fB...\fP\fB] [\fP\fIname\fP\fB=\fP\fInumber\fP \fB...\fP\fB] [\fP\fBno\fP\fIname\fP \fB...\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Define one or more variables called \fIname\fP. The variable can be
|
|
given a null, string, or numeric value. Quoting and
|
|
backslash escapes can occur anywhere in \fIstring\fP, as described
|
|
previously, as if the \fIstring\fP portion of the argument
|
|
were the entire argument. The forms \fIname\fP and \fIname\fP= shall
|
|
be equivalent to \fIname\fP="" for variables that take
|
|
string values. The \fBset\fP command without arguments shall write
|
|
a list of all defined variables and their values. The \fBno\fP
|
|
\fIname\fP form shall be equivalent to \fBunset\fP \fIname\fP.
|
|
.SS Invoke a Shell
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBsh\fP\fB[\fP\fBell\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Invoke an interactive command interpreter (see also \fISHELL ).\fP
|
|
.SS Display Message Size
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBsi\fP\fB[\fP\fBze\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the size in bytes of each of the specified messages.
|
|
.SS Read mailx Commands From a File
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBso\fP\fB[\fP\fBurce\fP\fB]\fP \fIfile\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Read and execute commands from the file named by the pathname \fIfile\fP
|
|
and return to command mode.
|
|
.SS Display Beginning of Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBto\fP\fB[\fP\fBp\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the top few lines of each of the specified messages. If the
|
|
\fBtoplines\fP variable is set, it is taken as the number of
|
|
lines to write. The default shall be 5.
|
|
.SS Touch Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBtou\fP\fB[\fP\fBch\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Touch the specified messages. If any message in \fImsglist\fP is not
|
|
specifically deleted nor saved in a file, it shall be
|
|
placed in the \fBmbox\fP upon normal termination. See \fBexit\fP and
|
|
\fBquit\fP.
|
|
.SS Delete Aliases
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBuna\fP\fB[\fP\fBlias\fP\fB] [\fP\fIalias\fP\fB]\fP\fB...
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Delete the specified alias names. If a specified alias does not exist,
|
|
the results are unspecified.
|
|
.SS Undelete Messages
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBu\fP\fB[\fP\fBndelete\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Change the state of the specified messages from deleted to read. If
|
|
\fBautoprint\fP is set, the last message of those restored
|
|
shall be written. If \fImsglist\fP is not specified, the message shall
|
|
be selected as follows:
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
If there are any deleted messages that follow the current message,
|
|
the first of these shall be chosen.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
Otherwise, the last deleted message that also precedes the current
|
|
message shall be chosen.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.SS Unset Variables
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBuns\fP\fB[\fP\fBet\fP\fB]\fP \fIname\fP\fB...
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Cause the specified variables to be erased.
|
|
.SS Edit Message with Full-Screen Editor
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBv\fP\fB[\fP\fBisual\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Edit the given messages with a screen editor. Each message shall be
|
|
placed in a temporary file, and the utility named by the
|
|
\fIVISUAL\fP variable shall be invoked to edit each file in sequence.
|
|
The default editor shall be \fIvi\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBvisual\fP command does not modify the contents of those messages
|
|
in the mailbox.
|
|
.SS Write Messages to a File
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBw\fP\fB[\fP\fBrite\fP\fB] [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP \fIfile\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the given messages to the file specified by the pathname \fIfile\fP,
|
|
minus the message header. Otherwise, it shall be
|
|
equivalent to the \fBsave\fP command.
|
|
.SS Scroll Header Display
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBz\fP\fB[\fP\fB+|-\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Scroll the header display forward (if \fB'+'\fP is specified or if
|
|
no option is specified) or backward (if \fB'-'\fP is
|
|
specified) one screenful. The number of headers written shall be set
|
|
by the \fBscreen\fP variable.
|
|
.SS Invoke Shell Command
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB!\fP\fIcommand\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Invoke the command interpreter specified by \fISHELL\fP with two arguments:
|
|
\fB-c\fP and \fIcommand\fP. (See also \fIsh\fP \fB-c\fP.) If the \fBbang\fP
|
|
variable is set, each unescaped occurrence of \fB'!'\fP in
|
|
\fIcommand\fP shall be replaced with the command executed by the previous
|
|
\fB!\fP command or \fB~!\fP command escape.
|
|
.SS Null Command
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB#\fP \fIcomment\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
This null command (comment) shall be ignored by \fImailx\fP.
|
|
.SS Display Current Message Number
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fISynopsis\fP:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB=
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Write the current message number.
|
|
.SS Command Escapes in mailx
|
|
.LP
|
|
The following commands can be entered only from input mode, by beginning
|
|
a line with the escape character (by default, tilde (
|
|
\fB'~'\fP )). See the \fBescape\fP variable description for changing
|
|
this special character. The format for the commands
|
|
shall be:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fB<\fP\fIescape-character\fP\fB><\fP\fIcommand-char\fP\fB><\fP\fIseparator\fP\fB>\fP\fB[\fP\fB<\fP\fIarguments\fP\fB>\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
where the <\fIseparator\fP> can be zero or more <blank>s.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In the following descriptions, the application shall ensure that the
|
|
argument \fIcommand\fP (but not \fImailx-command)\fP is a
|
|
shell command string. Any string acceptable to the command interpreter
|
|
specified by the \fISHELL\fP variable when it is invoked as
|
|
\fISHELL\fP \fB-c\fP \fIcommand_string\fP shall be valid. The command
|
|
can be presented as multiple arguments (that is, quoting
|
|
is not required).
|
|
.LP
|
|
Command escapes that are listed with \fImsglist\fP or \fImailx-command\fP
|
|
arguments are invalid in Send Mode and produce
|
|
unspecified results.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~!\ \fP \fIcommand\fP
|
|
Invoke the command interpreter specified by \fISHELL\fP with two arguments:
|
|
\fB-c\fP and \fIcommand\fP; and then return to
|
|
input mode. If the \fBbang\fP variable is set, each unescaped occurrence
|
|
of \fB'!'\fP in \fIcommand\fP shall be replaced with
|
|
the command executed by the previous \fB!\fP command or \fB~!\fP command
|
|
escape.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~.\fP
|
|
Simulate end-of-file (terminate message input).
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~:\ \fP \fImailx-command\fP,\ \fB~_\ \fP \fImailx-command\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Perform the command-level request.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~?\fP
|
|
Write a summary of command escapes.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~A\fP
|
|
This shall be equivalent to \fB~i\ Sign\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~a\fP
|
|
This shall be equivalent to \fB~i\ sign\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~b\ \fP \fIname\fP...
|
|
Add the \fIname\fPs to the blind carbon copy ( \fBBcc\fP) list.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~c\ \fP \fIname\fP...
|
|
Add the \fIname\fPs to the carbon copy ( \fBCc\fP) list.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~d\fP
|
|
Read in the dead-letter file. See \fIDEAD\fP for a description of
|
|
this file.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~e\fP
|
|
Invoke the editor, as specified by the \fIEDITOR\fP environment variable,
|
|
on the partial message.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~f\ [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
Forward the specified messages. The specified messages shall be inserted
|
|
into the current message without alteration. This
|
|
command escape also shall insert message headers into the message
|
|
with field selection affected by the \fBdiscard\fP,
|
|
\fBignore\fP, and \fBretain\fP commands.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~F\ [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
This shall be the equivalent of the \fB~f\fP command escape, except
|
|
that all headers shall be included in the message,
|
|
regardless of previous \fBdiscard\fP, \fBignore\fP, and \fBretain\fP
|
|
commands.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~h\fP
|
|
If standard input is a terminal, prompt for a \fBSubject\fP line and
|
|
the \fBTo\fP, \fBCc\fP, and \fBBcc\fP lists. Other
|
|
implementation-defined headers may also be presented for editing.
|
|
If the field is written with an initial value, it can be edited
|
|
as if it had just been typed.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~i\ \fP \fIstring\fP
|
|
Insert the value of the named variable, followed by a <newline>, into
|
|
the text of the message. If the string is unset or
|
|
null, the message shall not be changed.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~m\ [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
Insert the specified messages into the message, prefixing non-empty
|
|
lines with the string in the \fBindentprefix\fP variable.
|
|
This command escape also shall insert message headers into the message,
|
|
with field selection affected by the \fBdiscard\fP,
|
|
\fBignore\fP, and \fBretain\fP commands.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~M\ [\fP\fImsglist\fP\fB]\fP
|
|
This shall be the equivalent of the \fB~m\fP command escape, except
|
|
that all headers shall be included in the message,
|
|
regardless of previous \fBdiscard\fP, \fBignore\fP, and \fBretain\fP
|
|
commands.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~p\fP
|
|
Write the message being entered. If the message is longer than \fBcrt\fP
|
|
lines (see Internal
|
|
Variables in mailx ), the output shall be paginated as described for
|
|
the \fIPAGER\fP variable.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~q\fP
|
|
Quit (see the \fBquit\fP command) from input mode by simulating an
|
|
interrupt. If the body of the message is not empty, the
|
|
partial message shall be saved in the dead-letter file. See \fIDEAD\fP
|
|
for a description of this file.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~r\ \fP \fIfile\fP,\ \fB~<\ \fP
|
|
\fIfile\fP,\ \fB~r\ !\fP\fIcommand\fP,\ \fB~<\ !\fP\fIcommand\fP
|
|
.sp
|
|
Read in the file specified by the pathname \fIfile\fP. If the argument
|
|
begins with an exclamation mark ( \fB'!'\fP ), the rest
|
|
of the string shall be taken as an arbitrary system command; the command
|
|
interpreter specified by \fISHELL\fP shall be invoked
|
|
with two arguments: \fB-c\fP and \fIcommand\fP. The standard output
|
|
of \fIcommand\fP shall be inserted into the message.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~s\ \fP \fIstring\fP
|
|
Set the subject line to \fIstring\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~t\ \fP \fIname\fP...
|
|
Add the given \fIname\fPs to the \fBTo\fP list.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~v\fP
|
|
Invoke the full-screen editor, as specified by the \fIVISUAL\fP environment
|
|
variable, on the partial message.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~w\ \fP \fIfile\fP
|
|
Write the partial message, without the header, onto the file named
|
|
by the pathname \fIfile\fP. The file shall be created or
|
|
the message shall be appended to it if the file exists.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~x\fP
|
|
Exit as with \fB~q\fP, except the message shall not be saved in the
|
|
dead-letter file.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\fB~|\ \fP \fIcommand\fP
|
|
Pipe the body of the message through the given \fIcommand\fP by invoking
|
|
the command interpreter specified by \fISHELL\fP
|
|
with two arguments: \fB-c\fP and \fIcommand\fP. If the \fIcommand\fP
|
|
returns a successful exit status, the standard output of
|
|
the command shall replace the message. Otherwise, the message shall
|
|
remain unchanged. If the \fIcommand\fP fails, an error message
|
|
giving the exit status shall be written.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.SH EXIT STATUS
|
|
.LP
|
|
When the \fB-e\fP option is specified, the following exit values are
|
|
returned:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ 0
|
|
Mail was found.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
>0
|
|
Mail was not found or an error occurred.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.LP
|
|
Otherwise, the following exit values are returned:
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
\ 0
|
|
Successful completion; note that this status implies that all messages
|
|
were \fIsent\fP, but it gives no assurances that any of
|
|
them were actually \fIdelivered\fP.
|
|
.TP 7
|
|
>0
|
|
An error occurred.
|
|
.sp
|
|
.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
|
|
.LP
|
|
When in input mode (Receive Mode) or Send Mode:
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
If an error is encountered processing a command escape (see Command
|
|
Escapes in mailx ), a
|
|
diagnostic message shall be written to standard error, and the message
|
|
being composed may be modified, but this condition shall not
|
|
prevent the message from being sent.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
Other errors shall prevent the sending of the message.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.LP
|
|
When in command mode:
|
|
.IP " *" 3
|
|
Default.
|
|
.LP
|
|
.LP
|
|
\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
|
|
.SH APPLICATION USAGE
|
|
.LP
|
|
Delivery of messages to remote systems requires the existence of communication
|
|
paths to such systems. These need not exist.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Input lines are limited to {LINE_MAX} bytes, but mailers between systems
|
|
may impose more severe line-length restrictions. This
|
|
volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 does not place any restrictions on
|
|
the length of messages handled by \fImailx\fP, and for
|
|
delivery of local messages the only limitations should be the normal
|
|
problems of available disk space for the target mail file.
|
|
When sending messages to external machines, applications are advised
|
|
to limit messages to less than 100000 bytes because some mail
|
|
gateways impose message-length restrictions.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The format of the system mailbox is intentionally unspecified. Not
|
|
all systems implement system mailboxes as flat files,
|
|
particularly with the advent of multimedia mail messages. Some system
|
|
mailboxes may be multiple files, others records in a
|
|
database. The internal format of the messages themselves is specified
|
|
with the historical format from Version\ 7, but only
|
|
after the messages have been saved in some file other than the system
|
|
mailbox. This was done so that many historical applications
|
|
expecting text-file mailboxes are not broken.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Some new formats for messages can be expected in the future, probably
|
|
including binary data, bit maps, and various multimedia
|
|
objects. As described here, \fImailx\fP is not prohibited from handling
|
|
such messages, but it must store them as text files in
|
|
secondary mailboxes (unless some extension, such as a variable or
|
|
command line option, is used to change the stored format). Its
|
|
method of doing so is implementation-defined and might include translating
|
|
the data into text file-compatible or readable form or
|
|
omitting certain portions of the message from the stored output.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBdiscard\fP and \fBignore\fP commands are not inverses of the
|
|
\fBretain\fP command. The \fBretain\fP command discards
|
|
all header-fields except those explicitly retained. The \fBdiscard\fP
|
|
command keeps all header-fields except those explicitly
|
|
discarded. If headers exist on the retained header list, \fBdiscard\fP
|
|
and \fBignore\fP commands are ignored.
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
.LP
|
|
None.
|
|
.SH RATIONALE
|
|
.LP
|
|
The standard developers felt strongly that a method for applications
|
|
to send messages to specific users was necessary. The
|
|
obvious example is a batch utility, running non-interactively, that
|
|
wishes to communicate errors or results to a user. However, the
|
|
actual format, delivery mechanism, and method of reading the message
|
|
are clearly beyond the scope of this volume of
|
|
IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The intent of this command is to provide a simple, portable interface
|
|
for sending messages non-interactively. It merely defines
|
|
a "front-end" to the historical mail system. It is suggested that
|
|
implementations explicitly denote the sender and recipient in
|
|
the body of the delivered message. Further specification of formats
|
|
for either the message envelope or the message itself were
|
|
deliberately not made, as the industry is in the midst of changing
|
|
from the current standards to a more internationalized standard
|
|
and it is probably incorrect, at this time, to require either one.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Implementations are encouraged to conform to the various delivery
|
|
mechanisms described in the CCITT X.400 standards or to the
|
|
equivalent Internet standards, described in Internet Request for Comment
|
|
(RFC) documents RFC\ 819, RFC\ 822, RFC\ 920,
|
|
RFC\ 921, and RFC\ 1123.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Many historical systems modified each body line that started with
|
|
\fBFrom\ \fP by prefixing the \fB'F'\fP with
|
|
\fB'>'\fP . It is unnecessary, but allowed, to do that when the string
|
|
does not follow a blank line because it cannot be
|
|
confused with the next header.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBedit\fP and \fBvisual\fP commands merely edit the specified
|
|
messages in a temporary file. They do not modify the
|
|
contents of those messages in the mailbox; such a capability could
|
|
be added as an extension, such as by using different command
|
|
names.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The restriction on a subject line being {LINE_MAX}-10 bytes is based
|
|
on the historical format that consumes 10 bytes for
|
|
\fBSubject:\ \fP and the trailing <newline>. Many historical mailers
|
|
that a message may encounter on other systems are
|
|
not able to handle lines that long, however.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Like the utilities \fIlogger\fP and \fIlp\fP,
|
|
\fImailx\fP admittedly is difficult to test. This was not deemed sufficient
|
|
justification to exclude this utility from this volume
|
|
of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001. It is also arguable that it is, in fact,
|
|
testable, but that the tests themselves are not
|
|
portable.
|
|
.LP
|
|
When \fImailx\fP is being used by an application that wishes to receive
|
|
the results as if none of the User Portability
|
|
Utilities option features were supported, the \fIDEAD\fP environment
|
|
variable must be set to \fB/dev/null\fP. Otherwise, it may
|
|
be subject to the file creations described in \fImailx\fP ASYNCHRONOUS
|
|
EVENTS. Similarly, if the \fIMAILRC\fP environment
|
|
variable is not set to \fB/dev/null\fP, historical versions of \fImailx\fP
|
|
and \fIMail\fP read initialization commands from a
|
|
file before processing begins. Since the initialization that a user
|
|
specifies could alter the contents of messages an application
|
|
is trying to send, such applications must set \fIMAILRC\fP to \fB/dev/null\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The description of \fILC_TIME\fP uses "may affect" because many historical
|
|
implementations do not or cannot manipulate the
|
|
date and time strings in the incoming mail headers. Some headers found
|
|
in incoming mail do not have enough information to determine
|
|
the timezone in which the mail originated, and, therefore, \fImailx\fP
|
|
cannot convert the date and time strings into the internal
|
|
form that then is parsed by routines like \fIstrftime\fP() that can
|
|
take \fILC_TIME\fP
|
|
settings into account. Changing all these times to a user-specified
|
|
format is allowed, but not required.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The paginator selected when \fIPAGER\fP is null or unset is partially
|
|
unspecified to allow the System V historical practice of
|
|
using \fIpg\fP as the default. Bypassing the pagination function,
|
|
such as by declaring that \fIcat\fP is the paginator, would not meet
|
|
with the intended meaning of this description. However, any
|
|
"portable user" would have to set \fIPAGER\fP explicitly to get his
|
|
or her preferred paginator on all systems. The paginator
|
|
choice was made partially unspecified, unlike the \fIVISUAL\fP editor
|
|
choice (mandated to be \fIvi\fP) because most historical pagers follow
|
|
a common theme of user input, whereas editors differ
|
|
dramatically.
|
|
.LP
|
|
Options to specify addresses as \fBcc\fP (carbon copy) or \fBbcc\fP
|
|
(blind carbon copy) were considered to be format details
|
|
and were omitted.
|
|
.LP
|
|
A zero exit status implies that all messages were \fIsent\fP, but
|
|
it gives no assurances that any of them were actually
|
|
\fIdelivered\fP. The reliability of the delivery mechanism is unspecified
|
|
and is an appropriate marketing distinction between
|
|
systems.
|
|
.LP
|
|
In order to conform to the Utility Syntax Guidelines, a solution was
|
|
required to the optional \fIfile\fP option-argument to
|
|
\fB-f\fP. By making \fIfile\fP an operand, the guidelines are satisfied
|
|
and users remain portable. However, it does force
|
|
implementations to support usage such as:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBmailx -fin mymail.box
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBno\fP \fIname\fP method of unsetting variables is not present
|
|
in all historical systems, but it is in System V and
|
|
provides a logical set of commands corresponding to the format of
|
|
the display of options from the \fImailx\fP \fIset\fP command without
|
|
arguments.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBask\fP and \fBasksub\fP variables are the names selected by
|
|
BSD and System V, respectively, for the same feature. They
|
|
are synonyms in this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fImailx\fP \fIecho\fP command was not documented in the BSD version
|
|
and has been
|
|
omitted here because it is not obviously useful for interactive users.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The default prompt on the System V \fImailx\fP is a question mark,
|
|
on BSD \fIMail\fP an ampersand. Since this volume of
|
|
IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 chose the \fImailx\fP name, it kept the System
|
|
V default, assuming that BSD users would not have
|
|
difficulty with this minor incompatibility (that they can override).
|
|
.LP
|
|
The meanings of \fBr\fP and \fBR\fP are reversed between System V
|
|
\fImailx\fP and SunOS \fIMail\fP. Once again, since this
|
|
volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 chose the \fImailx\fP name, it kept
|
|
the System V default, but allows the SunOS user to
|
|
achieve the desired results using \fBflipr\fP, an internal variable
|
|
in System V \fImailx\fP, although it has not been documented
|
|
in the SVID.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBindentprefix\fP variable, the \fBretain\fP and \fBunalias\fP
|
|
commands, and the \fB~F\fP and \fB~M\fP
|
|
command escapes were adopted from 4.3 BSD \fIMail\fP.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The \fBversion\fP command was not included because no sufficiently
|
|
general specification of the version information could be
|
|
devised that would still be useful to a portable user. This command
|
|
name should be used by suppliers who wish to provide version
|
|
information about the \fImailx\fP command.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The "implementation-specific (unspecified) system start-up file" historically
|
|
has been named \fB/etc/mailx.rc\fP, but this
|
|
specific name and location are not required.
|
|
.LP
|
|
The intent of the wording for the \fBnext\fP command is that if any
|
|
command has already displayed the current message it should
|
|
display a following message, but, otherwise, it should display the
|
|
current message. Consider the command sequence:
|
|
.sp
|
|
.RS
|
|
.nf
|
|
|
|
\fBnext 3
|
|
delete 3
|
|
next
|
|
\fP
|
|
.fi
|
|
.RE
|
|
.LP
|
|
where the \fBautoprint\fP option was not set. The normative text specifies
|
|
that the second \fBnext\fP command should display a
|
|
message following the third message, because even though the current
|
|
message has not been displayed since it was set by the
|
|
\fBdelete\fP command, it has been displayed since the current message
|
|
was anything other than message number 3. This does not
|
|
always match historical practice in some implementations, where the
|
|
command file address followed by \fBnext\fP (or the default
|
|
command) would skip the message for which the user had searched.
|
|
.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
|
|
.LP
|
|
None.
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
.LP
|
|
\fIShell Command Language\fP , \fIed\fP , \fIls\fP , \fImore\fP ,
|
|
\fIvi\fP
|
|
.SH COPYRIGHT
|
|
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
|
|
from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
|
|
-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
|
|
Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
|
|
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
|
|
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
|
|
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
|
|
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
|
|
http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
|