==================== Changes in man-pages-2.80 ==================== Released: 2008-04-25 Contributors ------------ The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have been incorporated in changes in this release: Aurelien Gerome Alain Portal Andries E. Brouwer Daniel Burr Felix Kater Folkert van Heusden Heikki Orsila Ingo Molnar Justin Pryzby Karsten Weiss Marty Leisner Nicolas François Nick Piggin Petter Reinholdtsen Reuben Thomas Theodoros V. Kalamatianos Thomas Huriaux Tim Stoakes Timothy Baldwin Tolga Dalman Apologies if I missed anyone! Global changes -------------- bdflush.2 inotify_add_watch.2 mprotect.2 sigprocmask.2 ctime.3 getusershell.3 setbuf.3 st.4 ip.7 packet.7 mtk Replace "(il)legal" by "(not) permitted" or "(in)valid". read.2 utime.2 filesystems.5 packet.7 mtk s/time stamp/timestamp/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. madvise.2 mbind.2 mincore.2 mmap.2 mmap2.2 msync.2 remap_file_pages.2 mtk Change name of 'start' argument to 'addr' for consistency with: * other memory related interfaces * POSIX specification (for those interfaces in POSIX) * Linux and glibc source code (in at least some cases) Various pages mtk s/filesystem/file system/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. Various pages mtk s/zeroes/zeros/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. abs.3 proc.5 mtk s/builtin/built-in/, for consistency with majority use in other pages, and in POSIX.1. mknod.2 ftw.3 mtk s/normal file/regular file/ Various pages mtk s/nonempty/non-empty/ Various pages mtk s/nonzero/non-zero/ Various pages mtk s/realtime/real-time/, for consistency with majority usage. Various pages mtk s/command line/command-line/ when used attributively. Various pages mtk Use "run time" when non-attributive, "run-time" when attributive. Various pages mtk Various pages that I wrote carried a slightly modified version of the "verbatim" license. In the interests of minimizing lincense proliferation, I've reverted the modified form so that the license is exactly the same as on other pages carrying the verbatim license. epoll_ctl.2 getitimer.2 getpriority.2 getrlimit.2 unix.7 mtk s/since kernel x.y.z/since Linux s.y.z/ wait.2 inotify.7 mtk Reformat kernel version information for flags. Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several places. (Special thanks to Nicolas François.) New pages --------- random_r.3 mtk, after a suggestion by aeb Documents random_r(3), srandom_r(3), initstate_r(32), and setstate_r(3), which are the reentrant equivalents of random(3), srandom(3), initstate(3), and setstate(3). New links --------- lutimes.3 mtk Link to futimes.3. initstate_r.3 setstate_r.3 srandom_r.3 mtk Links to random_r.3. daylight.3 timezone.3 tzname.3 mtk Links to tzset.3. isnanf.3 isnanl.3 mtk Links to finite.3. encrypt_r.3 setkey_r.3 mtk Links to encrypt.3. Changes to individual pages --------------------------- clone.2 mtk Added note that CLONE_STOPPED (which no-one ever used anyway) is now deprecated. epoll_ctl.2 mtk Added portability note to BUGS text for EPOLL_CTL_DEL. epoll_wait.2 mtk If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then epoll_pwait() is equivalent to epoll_wait(). fork.2 mtk NOTES: since glibc 2.3.3, the glibc NPTL fork() wrapper bypasses the fork() system call to invoke clone() with flags providing equivalent functionality. getgroups.2 Petter Reinholdtsen SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. gettid.2 mtk Added VERSIONS section noting that this system call first appeared in 2.4.11. kill.2 Marty Leisner / mtk Add text explicitly noting that sig==0 can be used to check for the existence of a PID or PGID. mtk A few minor rewordings. mmap.2 mtk Added some .SS headings to make structure of page a little more obvious. mtk, with input from Nick Piggin MAP_POPULATE supports both file and anonymous mappings. Since 2.6.23, MAP_POPULATE supports private mappings. Since 2.6.23, MAP_NONBLOCK causes MAP_POPULATE to be a no-op. mount.2 mtk The MS_REMOUNT changes in 2.4 were at 2.4.10 (not 2.4). mtk Minor wording change. msgop.2 mtk Various minor rewordings and restructurings for clarity. mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas Remove "msgop" from NAME section. open.2 mtk Note that O_CLOEXEC should be in the next POSIX.1 revision. poll.2 mtk If the 'sigmask' is NULL, then ppoll() is equivalent to poll() with respect to signal mask manipulations. posix_fadvise.2 mtk s/posix_madvise (2)/posix_madvise (3)/; (The page referred-to page still doesn't exit yet, but hopefully will do sometime soon.) recv.2 Felix Kater / mtk Improve wording for EAGAIN error in discussion of MSG_DONTWAIT. utime.2 Reuben Thomas Remove unnecessary subheading for utimes(). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=477402. sched_setscheduler.2 mtk, with input from Ingo Molnar Add description of SCHED_IDLE policy (new in 2.6.23). Tweak description of SCHED_BATCH. Minor rewordings. select_tut.2 Justin Pryzby Various working clean-ps. semop.2 Aurelien Gerome Small fix in example code. setpgid.2 mtk / Karsten Weiss Clarify description of setpgid() a little. setpriority.2 mtk, after a note from Ingo Molnar Add text in NOTES about the punchier effect of nice values in kernel 2.6.23 and later. Add Documentation/scheduler/sched-nice-design.txt to SEE ALSO list. shmop.2 mtk, after a note from Reuben Thomas Remove "shmop" from NAME section. signalfd.2 mtk Added BUGS text noting that before kernel 2.6.25, the ssi_int and ssi_ptr fields are not set. Added comments describing fields in signalfd_siginfo structure. Update field names in example program (s/signo/ssi_signo/). Various small fixes, and remove duplicated sentence. Minor edits to structure definition. sigqueue.2 mtk Added some comments to code in NOTES. stat.2 mtk Minor wording change. syscalls.2 mtk This page is now up to date as at kernel 2.6.25. syslog.2 mtk Small tidy up of language relating to permissions/capabilities. timerfd_create.2 mtk Minor change to example program. Minor wording change. utime.2 mtk Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls always change *both* timestamps). CONFORMING TO: utimes() is in POSIX.1-2001. wait.2 mtk, after a note by Justin Pryzby Add a sentence clarifying that even though the default disposition of SIGCHLD is "ignore", explicitly setting the disposition to SIG_IGN results in different treatment of zombies. aio_cancel.3 aio_error.3 aio_fsync.3 aio_read.3 aio_return.3 aio_suspend.3 aio_write.3 Kevin O'Gorman Add "Link with -lrt" to SYNOPSIS. backtrace.3 Nicolas François s/backtrace_symbols/backtrace-symbols_fd/ in one sentence. ctime.3 mtk Add warning under NOTES that asctime(), ctime(), gmtime(), and localtime() may each overwrite the static object returned by any of the other calls. Other minor edits. dlopen.3 mtk Add more detail to the description of the fields in the structure returned by dladdr(). fexecve.3 mtk Clean up SYNOPSIS after work by cut-and-paste-Pete: the necessary header file is not ! futimes.3 mtk Add documentation of lutimes(), which appeared in glibc 2.6. mtk Change description in NAME line ("or" is not correct: these calls always change *both* timestamps). CONFORMING TO: futimes() did not come from 4.2BSD. (It came from FreeBSD; see the FreeBSD man page.) getenv.3 mtk Noted that caller must not modify returned value string. Noted that getenv() is not reentrant: the buffer may be statically allocated and overwritten by later calls to getenv(), putenv(), setenv(), or unsetenv(). Other minor rewrites. getgrent.3 Petter Reinholdtsen SEE ALSO: Add getgrouplist(3). as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=479284. gethostbyname.3 mtk Add 'h_errno' to NAME list. getopt.3 mtk Add 'optarg', 'optind', 'opterr', and 'optopt' to NAME section. Add subheading for getopt_long() and getopt_long_only() description. getpt.3 mtk Point out that this function should be avoided in favour of posix_openpt(). getsubopt.3 Daniel Burr SYNOPSIS: Fix declaration of valuep. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476672. malloc.3 mtk RETURN VALUE: Note circumstances in which successful malloc() and calloc() can return NULL. mq_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. opendir.3 mtk Describe treatment of close-on-exec flag by opendir() and fdopendir(). openpty.3 mtk SEE ALSO: add ttyname(3). raise.3 mtk / Timothy Baldwin Clarify semantics of raise() when called from a multithreaded program. as per http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=476484. mtk Rewrites and additions to various parts of the page. rand.3 Tolga Dalman / aeb / mtk Remove outdated warning in NOTES; encourage the use of random(3) instead. Folkert van Heusden Clarify wording describing range of values returned by rand(). random.3 aeb / mtk / Tolga Dalman Recommend use or random_r(3) for multithreaded applications that need independent, reproducible sequences of random numbers. Move references to "The Art of Computer Programming" and "Numerical Recipes", formerly in rand(3), to this page. Add drand48(93) to SEE ALSO list. regex.3 Heikki Orsila Clarify description of 'rm_eo' field. sem_post.3 mtk Added pointer to example in sem_wait(3). sem_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. sem_close.3 sem_destroy.3 sem_getvalue.3 sem_init.3 sem_open.3 sem_post.3 sem_unlink.3 sem_wait.3 mtk, after a note from Marty Leisner Add text to SYNOPSIS noting the need to link with "-lrt" or "-pthread". setenv.3 mtk setenv() copies 'name' and 'value' (contrast with putenv()). unsetenv() of a nonexistent variable does nothing and is considered successful. Noted that setenv() and unsetenv() need not be reentrant. shm_open.3 mtk, after a note by Marty Leisner Note that is needed for O_* constants and is needed for 'mode' constants. undocumented.3 mtk initstate_r(3), setkey_r(3), setstate_r(3) are now documented. utmp.5 Nicolas François Small rewording. resolv.conf.5 Nicolas François gethostname is in Section 2, not section 3. charsets.7 Nicolas François s/unicode.com/unicode.org/ credentials.7 mtk NOTES: Pthreads requires that all threads share the same UIDs and GIDs. But the Linux kernel maintains separate UIDs and GIDs for every thread. NPTL does some work to ensure that credential changes by any thread are carried through to all POSIX threads in a process. inotify.7 mtk Document SIGIO feature (new in 2.6.25) for inotify file descriptors. mtk Note that select()/poll()/epoll_wait() indicate a ready inotify file descriptor as readable. pthreads.7 Justin Pryzby Grammar fix, plus fix typo in script. standards.7 mtk Add a section on the upcoming POSIX revision. ld.so.8 Justin Pryzby / mtk Various wording improvements.