.\" Copyright 2003,2004 Andi Kleen, SuSE Labs. .\" and Copyright 2007 Lee Schermerhorn, Hewlett Packard .\" .\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this .\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are .\" preserved on all copies. .\" .\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this .\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the .\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a .\" permission notice identical to this one. .\" .\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this .\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no .\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from .\" the use of the information contained herein. .\" .\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by .\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work. .\" .\" 2006-02-03, mtk, substantial wording changes and other improvements .\" 2007-08-27, Lee Schermerhorn .\" more precise specification of behavior. .\" .TH SET_MEMPOLICY 2 2007-08-27 Linux "Linux Programmer's Manual" .SH NAME set_mempolicy \- set default NUMA memory policy for a process and its children .SH SYNOPSIS .nf .B "#include " .sp .BI "int set_mempolicy(int " mode ", unsigned long *" nodemask , .BI " unsigned long " maxnode ); .sp Link with \fI\-lnuma\fP .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .BR set_mempolicy () sets the NUMA memory policy of the calling process, which consists of a policy mode and zero or more nodes, to the values specified by the .IR mode , .I nodemask and .I maxnode arguments. A NUMA machine has different memory controllers with different distances to specific CPUs. The memory policy defines from which node memory is allocated for the process. This system call defines the default policy for the process. The process policy governs allocation of pages in the process' address space outside of memory ranges controlled by a more specific policy set by .BR mbind (2). The process default policy also controls allocation of any pages for memory mapped files mapped using the .BR mmap (2) call with the .B MAP_PRIVATE flag and that are only read [loaded] from by the task and of memory mapped files mapped using the .BR mmap (2) call with the .B MAP_SHARED flag, regardless of the access type. The policy is only applied when a new page is allocated for the process. For anonymous memory this is when the page is first touched by the application. The .I mode argument must specify one of .BR MPOL_DEFAULT , .BR MPOL_BIND , .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE or .BR MPOL_PREFERRED . All modes except .B MPOL_DEFAULT require the caller to specify via the .I nodemask parameter one or more nodes. .I nodemask points to a bit mask of node IDs that contains up to .I maxnode bits. The bit mask size is rounded to the next multiple of .IR "sizeof(unsigned long)" , but the kernel will only use bits up to .IR maxnode . A NULL value of .I nodemask or a .I maxnode value of zero specifies the empty set of nodes. If the value of .I maxnode is zero, the .I nodemask argument is ignored. The .B MPOL_DEFAULT mode is the default and means to allocate memory locally, i.e., on the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation. .I nodemask must be specified as NULL. If the "local node" contains no free memory, the system will attempt to allocate memory from a "near by" node. The .B MPOL_BIND mode defines a strict policy that restricts memory allocation to the nodes specified in .IR nodemask . If .I nodemask specifies more than one node, page allocations will come from the node with the lowest numeric node ID first, until that node contains no free memory. Allocations will then come from the node with the next highest node ID specified in .I nodemask and so forth, until none of the specified nodes contain free memory. Pages will not be allocated from any node not specified in the .IR nodemask . .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE interleaves page allocations across the nodes specified in .I nodemask in numeric node ID order. This optimizes for bandwidth instead of latency by spreading out pages and memory accesses to those pages across multiple nodes. However, accesses to a single page will still be limited to the memory bandwidth of a single node. .\" NOTE: the following sentence doesn't make sense in the context .\" of set_mempolicy() -- no memory area specified. .\" To be effective the memory area should be fairly large, .\" at least 1MB or bigger. .B MPOL_PREFERRED sets the preferred node for allocation. The kernel will try to allocate pages from this node first and fall back to "near by" nodes if the preferred node is low on free memory. If .I nodemask specifies more than one node ID, the first node in the mask will be selected as the preferred node. If the .I nodemask and .I maxnode arguments specify the empty set, then the memory is allocated on the node of the CPU that triggered the allocation (like .BR MPOL_DEFAULT ). The process memory policy is preserved across an .BR execve (2), and is inherited by child processes created using .BR fork (2) or .BR clone (2). .SH RETURN VALUE On success, .BR set_mempolicy () returns 0; on error, \-1 is returned and .I errno is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .TP .B EFAULT Part of all of the memory range specified by .I nodemask and .I maxnode points outside your accessible address space. .TP .B EINVAL .I mode is invalid. Or, .I mode is .B MPOL_DEFAULT and .I nodemask is non-empty, or .I mode is .B MPOL_BIND or .B MPOL_INTERLEAVE and .I nodemask is empty. Or, .I maxnode specifies more than a page worth of bits. Or, .I nodemask specifies one or more node IDs that are greater than the maximum supported node ID, or are not allowed in the calling task's context. .\" "calling task's context" refers to cpusets. .\" No man page avail to ref. --Lee Schermerhorn Or, none of the node IDs specified by .I nodemask are on-line, or none of the specified nodes contain memory. .TP .B ENOMEM Insufficient kernel memory was available. .SH CONFORMING TO This system call is Linux specific. .SH NOTES Process policy is not remembered if the page is swapped out. When such a page is paged back in, it will use the policy of the process or memory range that is in effect at the time the page is allocated. .SS "Versions and Library Support" See .BR mbind (2). .SH SEE ALSO .BR mbind (2), .BR mmap (2), .BR get_mempolicy (2), .BR numactl (8), .BR numa (3)