mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
add_key.2, alloc_hugepages.2, execve.2, fanotify_init.2, getrlimit.2, listxattr.2, mmap.2, shmget.2, malloc.3, random.4, st.4, bootparam.7, epoll.7, keyrings.7, pipe.7, xattr.7: Use non-breaking space for measurement units
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
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commit
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@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ contains a ':' that is preceded by other characters.
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.\" commit ab3c3587f8cda9083209a61dbe3a4407d3cada10
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This key type is similar to
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.IR """user""" ,
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but may hold a payload of up to 1 MiB.
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but may hold a payload of up to 1\ MiB.
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If the key payload is large enough,
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then it may be stored encrypted in tmpfs
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(which can be swapped out) rather than kernel memory.
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@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ In Linux 2.4.20, the syscall numbers exist,
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but the calls fail with the error
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.BR ENOSYS .
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.PP
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On i386 the memory management hardware knows about ordinary pages (4 KiB)
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and huge pages (2 or 4 MiB).
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On i386 the memory management hardware knows about ordinary pages (4\ KiB)
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and huge pages (2 or 4\ MiB).
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Similarly ia64 knows about huge pages of
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several sizes.
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These system calls serve to map huge pages into the
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@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ environment and argument strings was limited to 32 pages
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(defined by the kernel constant
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.BR MAX_ARG_PAGES ).
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On architectures with a 4-kB page size,
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this yields a maximum size of 128 kB.
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this yields a maximum size of 128\ kB.
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.PP
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On kernel 2.6.23 and later, most architectures support a size limit
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derived from the soft
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@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ Additional bits can be set in
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The most useful values are:
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.TP
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.B O_LARGEFILE
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Enable support for files exceeding 2 GB.
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Enable support for files exceeding 2\ GB.
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Failing to set this flag will result in an
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.B EOVERFLOW
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error when trying to open a large file which is monitored by
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@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ that kills the process if no alternate stack
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has been made available via
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.BR sigaltstack (2)).
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Since the value is a \fIlong\fP, on machines with a 32-bit \fIlong\fP
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either this limit is at most 2 GiB, or this resource is unlimited.
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either this limit is at most 2\ GiB, or this resource is unlimited.
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.TP
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.B RLIMIT_CORE
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This is the maximum size of a
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@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ These system calls are Linux-specific.
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.\" The xattr(7) page refers to this text:
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As noted in
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.BR xattr (7),
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the VFS imposes a limit of 64 kB on the size of the extended
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the VFS imposes a limit of 64\ kB on the size of the extended
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attribute name list returned by
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.BR listxattr (7).
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If the total size of attribute names attached to a file exceeds this limit,
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@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ for further information, as well as NOTES, below.
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.\" See https://lwn.net/Articles/533499/
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Used in conjunction with
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.B MAP_HUGETLB
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to select alternative hugetlb page sizes (respectively, 2 MB and 1 GB)
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to select alternative hugetlb page sizes (respectively, 2\ MB and 1\ GB)
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on systems that support multiple hugetlb page sizes.
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.IP
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More generally, the desired huge page size can be configured by encoding
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@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ for further information.
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.\" See https://lwn.net/Articles/533499/
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Used in conjunction with
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.B SHM_HUGETLB
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to select alternative hugetlb page sizes (respectively, 2 MB and 1 GB)
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to select alternative hugetlb page sizes (respectively, 2\ MB and 1\ GB)
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on systems that support multiple hugetlb page sizes.
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.IP
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More generally, the desired huge page size can be configured by encoding
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@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ If
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and
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.B SHMMNI
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were not modified, then multiplying the result of this formula
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by the page size (to get a value in bytes) yielded a value of 8 GB
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by the page size (to get a value in bytes) yielded a value of 8\ GB
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as the limit on the total memory used by all shared memory segments.
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.TP
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.B SHMMAX
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the amount of virtual memory places another limit on the maximum size of a
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usable segment:
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for example, on i386 the largest segments that can be mapped have a
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size of around 2.8 GB, and on x86_64 the limit is around 127 TB.
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size of around 2.8\ GB, and on x86_64 the limit is around 127 TB.
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.TP
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.B SHMMIN
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Minimum size in bytes for a shared memory segment: implementation
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@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ bytes, the glibc
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implementation allocates the memory as a private anonymous mapping using
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.BR mmap (2).
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.B MMAP_THRESHOLD
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is 128 kB by default, but is adjustable using
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is 128\ kB by default, but is adjustable using
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.BR mallopt (3).
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Allocations performed using
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.BR mmap (2)
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@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ a
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.BR read (2)
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from
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.IR /dev/urandom
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will return at most 32 MB.
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will return at most 32\ MB.
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A
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.BR read (2)
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from
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@ -101,14 +101,14 @@ In kernels before 2.1.121, the buffer is
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allocated as one contiguous block.
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This limits the block size to the
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largest contiguous block of memory the kernel allocator can provide.
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The limit is currently 128 kB for 32-bit architectures and
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256 kB for 64-bit architectures.
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The limit is currently 128\ kB for 32-bit architectures and
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256\ kB for 64-bit architectures.
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In newer kernels the driver
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allocates the buffer in several parts if necessary.
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By default, the
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maximum number of parts is 16.
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This means that the maximum block size
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is very large (2 MB if allocation of 16 blocks of 128 kB succeeds).
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is very large (2\ MB if allocation of 16 blocks of 128\ kB succeeds).
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.PP
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The driver's internal buffer size is determined by a compile-time
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constant which can be overridden with a kernel startup option.
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@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ If N=0, do not prompt.
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.TP
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.BR 'ramdisk_size=N' " or (obsolete) " 'ramdisk=N'
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Set the maximal size of the ramdisk(s) to N kB.
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The default is 4096 (4 MB).
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The default is 4096 (4\ MB).
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.TP
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.B "'ramdisk_start=N'"
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Sets the starting block number (the offset on the floppy where
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@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ is registered on the
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.B epoll
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instance.
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.IP 2.
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A pipe writer writes 2 kB of data on the write side of the pipe.
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A pipe writer writes 2\ kB of data on the write side of the pipe.
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.IP 3.
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A call to
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.BR epoll_wait (2)
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.I rfd
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as a ready file descriptor.
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.IP 4.
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The pipe reader reads 1 kB of data from
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The pipe reader reads 1\ kB of data from
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.IR rfd .
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.IP 5.
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A call to
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@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ that should not be readable from user space.
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.\" commit ab3c3587f8cda9083209a61dbe3a4407d3cada10
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This key type is similar to the
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.I """user"""
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key type, but it may hold a payload of up to 1 MiB in size.
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key type, but it may hold a payload of up to 1\ MiB in size.
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This key type is useful for purposes such as holding Kerberos ticket caches.
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.IP
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The payload data may be stored in a tmpfs filesystem,
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@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ to reflect the value actually employed for a convenient implementation.
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To determine the rounded-up value,
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display the contents of this file after assigning a value to it.
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.IP
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The default value for this file is 1048576 (1 MiB).
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The default value for this file is 1048576 (1\ MiB).
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The minimum value that can be assigned to this file is the system page size.
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Attempts to set a limit less than the page size cause
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.BR write (2)
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@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ manual page for an explanation of the sticky bit).
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The kernel and the filesystem may place limits on the maximum number
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and size of extended attributes that can be associated with a file.
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The VFS imposes limitations that an attribute names is limited to 255 bytes
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and an attribute value is limited to 64 kB.
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and an attribute value is limited to 64\ kB.
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The list of attribute names that
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can be returned is also limited to 64 kB
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can be returned is also limited to 64\ kB
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(see BUGS in
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.BR listxattr (2)).
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.PP
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the total bytes used for the name, value, and implementation overhead bytes
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is limited to the filesystem
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.I nodesize
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value (16 kB by default).
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value (16\ kB by default).
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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Extended attributes are not specified in POSIX.1, but some other systems
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(e.g., the BSDs and Solaris) provide a similar feature.
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