Classical BSD versions are now always named x.yBSD (formerly

there was a mix of x.yBSD and BSD x.y).
This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2005-07-18 15:05:56 +00:00
parent 880f5b4bc3
commit b14d4aa5b8
191 changed files with 219 additions and 216 deletions

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@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ Global changes
The terms "set-user-ID" and "set-group-ID" are now used consistently
(no abbreviations) accorss all manual pages.
Classical BSD versions are now always named x.yBSD (formerly
there was a mix of x.yBSD and BSD x.y).
Typographical or grammatical errors have been corrected in several
places.

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@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ The variables LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_MESSAGES have the
usual meaning. For the GNU version, the variables SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX
and VERSION_CONTROL control backup file naming, as described above.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.2 (which had the \-c, \-m, \-o, \-g and \-s options).
4.2BSD (which had the \-c, \-m, \-o, \-g and \-s options).
.SH NOTES
This page describes
.B install

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@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ is equivalent to
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
These functions do not return.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3.
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD.
The function \fB_Exit()\fP was introduced by C99.
.SH NOTES
For a discussion on the effects of an exit, the transmission of

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@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ the socket returned from
The third argument of
.BR accept ()
was originally declared as an `int *' (and is that under libc4 and libc5
and on many other systems like BSD 4.*, SunOS 4, SGI); a POSIX 1003.1g draft
and on many other systems like 4.x BSD, SunOS 4, SGI); a POSIX 1003.1g draft
standard wanted to change it into a `size_t *', and that is what it is
for SunOS 5.
Later POSIX drafts have `socklen_t *', and so do the Single Unix Specification

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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ doing so using
creates a security hole, because the user might exploit the short time
interval between checking and opening the file to manipulate it.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR chmod (2),
.BR chown (2),

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@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ is a bad idea.
Scheduling delays can, as ever, cause the execution of the process to
be delayed by an arbitrary amount of time.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR gettimeofday (2),
.BR pause (2),

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@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ The transparent proxy options are not described.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.BR bind ()
function first appeared in BSD 4.2). SVr4 documents additional
function first appeared in 4.2BSD). SVr4 documents additional
.BR EADDRNOTAVAIL ,
.BR EADDRINUSE ,
and
@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ The third argument of
.BR bind ()
is in reality an
.I int
(and this is what BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 have).
(and this is what 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 have).
Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present
.IR socklen_t ,
also used by glibc.

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@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ and
is set to
.BR ENOMEM .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3
4.3BSD
.BR brk " and " sbrk
are not defined in the C Standard and are deliberately excluded from the

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@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ call was interrupted by a signal.
.B EIO
An I/O error occurred.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. SVr4 documents an additional
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. SVr4 documents an additional
ENOLINK error condition.
.SH NOTES
Not checking the return value of close is a common but nevertheless

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@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ be very long when syncookies are enabled on the server.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.BR connect ()
function first appeared in BSD 4.2). SVr4 documents the additional
function first appeared in 4.2BSD). SVr4 documents the additional
general error codes
.BR EADDRNOTAVAIL ,
.BR EINVAL ,
@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ The third argument of
.BR connect ()
is in reality an
.I int
(and this is what BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 have).
(and this is what 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 have).
Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present
.IR socklen_t ,
also used by glibc.

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@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ without closing
.I newfd
first.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. SVr4 documents additional
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. SVr4 documents additional
EINTR and ENOLINK error conditions. POSIX.1 adds EINTR.
The EBUSY return is Linux-specific.
.SH "SEE ALSO"

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@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ file has an SUID or SGID bit set.
.B ETXTBSY
Executable was open for writing by one or more processes.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. POSIX does not document the #! behavior
SVr4, SVID, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. POSIX does not document the #! behavior
but is otherwise compatible. SVr4 documents additional error
conditions EAGAIN, EINTR, ELIBACC, ENOLINK, EMULTIHOP; POSIX does not
document ETXTBSY, EPERM, EFAULT, ELOOP, EIO, ENFILE, EMFILE, EINVAL,

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@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ has permission to send signals to.
Despite this error return, the file descriptor owner is set,
and signals will be sent to the owner.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. Only the operations F_DUPFD,
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. Only the operations F_DUPFD,
F_GETFD, F_SETFD, F_GETFL, F_SETFL, F_GETLK, F_SETLK, F_SETLKW,
F_GETOWN, and F_SETOWN are specified in POSIX.1.
F_GETSIG, F_SETSIG, F_NOTIFY, F_GETLEASE, and F_SETLEASE

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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ failed to allocate the necessary kernel structures because memory is tight.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
The
.B fork
call conforms to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3.
call conforms to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR clone (2),
.BR execve (2),

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@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ The libc4 and libc5 versions return
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, 4.4BSD (the
.B getdtablesize
function first appeared in BSD 4.2).
function first appeared in 4.2BSD).
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR close (2),
.BR dup (2),

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@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ returns the effective group ID of the current process.
.SH ERRORS
These functions are always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
POSIX, BSD 4.3
POSIX, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR setgid (2),
.BR setregid (2)

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@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ function call first appeared in 4.2BSD).
.SH NOTE
The third argument of
.B getpeername
is in reality an `int *' (and this is what BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 have).
is in reality an `int *' (and this is what 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 have).
Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present socklen_t, also used by glibc.
See also
.BR accept (2).

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@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ routines that generate unique temporary file names.)
.B getppid
returns the process ID of the parent of the current process.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
POSIX, BSD 4.3, SVID
POSIX, 4.3BSD, SVID
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR fork (2),
.BR kill (2),

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@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ all SYSV-like systems.
Linux requires the real or effective user ID of the caller to match
the real user of the process \fIwho\fP (instead of its effective user ID).
All BSD-like systems (SunOS 4.1.3, Ultrix 4.2,
BSD 4.3, FreeBSD 4.3, OpenBSD-2.5, ...) require
4.3BSD, FreeBSD 4.3, OpenBSD-2.5, ...) require
the effective user ID of the caller to match
the real or effective user ID of the process \fIwho\fP.
.LP

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@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ signals delivered when a process encountered the soft and hard
limits were delivered one (CPU) second later than they should have been.
This was fixed in kernel 2.6.8.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, BSD 4.3.
SVr4, 4.3BSD.
.BR RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
and
.BR RLIMIT_NPROC

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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ points outside the accessible address space.
.I who
is invalid.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, BSD 4.3
SVr4, 4.3BSD
.SH NOTES
Including
.I <sys/time.h>
@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ This non-conformance is rectified in Linux 2.6.9 and later.
.\" See the description of getrusage() in XSH.
.\" A similar statement was also in SUSv2.
.LP
The above struct was taken from BSD 4.3 Reno.
The above struct was taken from 4.3BSD Reno.
Not all fields are meaningful under Linux.
In linux 2.4 only the fields
.IR ru_utime ,

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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ and ENOSR error codes.
.SH NOTE
The third argument of
.B getsockname
is in reality an `int *' (and this is what BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 have).
is in reality an `int *' (and this is what 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 have).
Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present socklen_t, also used by glibc.
See also
.BR accept (2).

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@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ options
.SH NOTE
The fifth argument of
.BR getsockopt " and " setsockopt
is in reality an int [*] (and this is what BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 have).
is in reality an int [*] (and this is what 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 have).
Some POSIX confusion resulted in the present socklen_t, also used by glibc.
See also
.BR accept (2).

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@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ _POSIX_SOURCE or compiling with the \-ansi flag).
.LP
Traditionally, the fields of struct timeval were longs.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, BSD 4.3. POSIX 1003.1-2001 describes gettimeofday()
SVr4, 4.3BSD. POSIX 1003.1-2001 describes gettimeofday()
but not settimeofday().
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR date (1),

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@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ returns the effective user ID of the current process.
.SH ERRORS
These functions are always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
POSIX, BSD 4.3.
POSIX, 4.3BSD.
.SH HISTORY
In Unix V6 the \fBgetuid()\fP call returned (euid << 8) + uid.
Unix V7 introduced separate calls \fBgetuid()\fP and \fBgeteuid()\fP.

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@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ user ID of the receiver.
The current rules, which conform to POSIX 1003.1-2001, were adopted
in kernel 1.3.78.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX.1, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2001
SVr4, SVID, POSIX.1, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2001
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR _exit (2),
.BR killpg (2),

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@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Some other implementations behave in the same manner as Linux.
.\" thread in the Austin mailing list reported that some
.\" other (SysV) implementations did/do the same -- MTK, Apr 05
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, BSD 4.3, X/OPEN. SVr4 documents additional ENOLINK and
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, 4.3BSD, X/OPEN. SVr4 documents additional ENOLINK and
EMULTIHOP error conditions; POSIX.1 does not document ELOOP.
X/OPEN does not document EFAULT, ENOMEM or EIO.
.SH BUGS

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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ The resulting file offset cannot be represented in an off_t.
.I fildes
is associated with a pipe, socket, or FIFO.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, POSIX, BSD 4.3
SVr4, POSIX, 4.3BSD
.SH RESTRICTIONS
Some devices are incapable of seeking and POSIX does not specify which
devices must support it.

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@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Under Linux the
.B CAP_SYS_NICE
capability is required.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID EXT, AT&T, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. However, the Linux and (g)libc
SVr4, SVID EXT, AT&T, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. However, the Linux and (g)libc
(earlier than glibc 2.2.4) return value is nonstandard, see below.
SVr4 documents an additional EINVAL error code.
.SH NOTES

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@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ This is typically used to open devices in order to get a file descriptor
for use with
.BR ioctl (2).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3.
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD.
The
.BR O_NOATIME ,
.BR O_NOFOLLOW ,

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@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ is set to
.B EINTR
a signal was caught and the signal-catching function returned.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR kill (2),
.BR select (2),

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@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ Alternatively, the process may already be being traced, or be
The specified process does not exist, or is not currently being traced by the
caller, or is not stopped (for requests that require that).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID EXT, AT&T, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID EXT, AT&T, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR gdb (1),
.BR strace (1),

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@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ to return \-1 (with
.I errno
set to EINTR) or to return the number of bytes already read.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, AT&T, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH RESTRICTIONS
On NFS file systems, reading small amounts of data will only update the
time stamp the first time, subsequent calls may not do so. This is caused

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@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ the vector count \fIcount\fR is zero or greater than \fBMAX_IOVEC\fR.
.B readv
and
.B writev
functions first appeared in BSD 4.2), Unix98, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
functions first appeared in 4.2BSD), Unix98, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
Linux libc5 used \fBsize_t\fR as the type of the \fIcount\fR parameter,
and \fBint\fP as return type for these functions.
.\" The readv/writev system calls were buggy before Linux 1.3.40.

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@ -402,16 +402,16 @@ flags.
.SH NOTE
The prototypes given above follow glibc2.
The Single Unix Specification agrees, except that it has return values
of type `ssize_t' (while BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5 all have `int').
of type `ssize_t' (while 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5 all have `int').
The
.I flags
argument is `int' in BSD 4.*, but `unsigned int' in libc4 and libc5.
argument is `int' in 4.x BSD, but `unsigned int' in libc4 and libc5.
The
.I len
argument is `int' in BSD 4.*, but `size_t' in libc4 and libc5.
argument is `int' in 4.x BSD, but `size_t' in libc4 and libc5.
The
.I fromlen
argument is `int *' in BSD 4.*, libc4 and libc5.
argument is `int *' in 4.x BSD, libc4 and libc5.
The present `socklen_t *' was invented by POSIX.
See also
.BR accept (2).

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@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ does not support the removal of directories.
.I pathname
refers to a file on a read-only filesystem.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, 4.3BSD
.SH BUGS
Infelicities in the protocol underlying NFS can cause the unexpected
disappearance of directories which are still being used.

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@ -340,13 +340,13 @@ flag is a Linux extension.
The prototypes given above follow the Single Unix Specification,
as glibc2 also does; the
.I flags
argument was `int' in BSD 4.*, but `unsigned int' in libc4 and libc5;
argument was `int' in 4.x BSD, but `unsigned int' in libc4 and libc5;
the
.I len
argument was `int' in BSD 4.* and libc4, but `size_t' in libc5;
argument was `int' in 4.x BSD and libc4, but `size_t' in libc5;
the
.I tolen
argument was `int' in BSD 4.* and libc4 and libc5.
argument was `int' in 4.x BSD and libc4 and libc5.
See also
.BR accept (2).
.SH BUGS

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@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ and hence does not change the saved user ID.
Similar remarks hold for
.BR setegid .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3
4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR geteuid (2),
.BR setresuid (2),

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@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ and
conform to POSIX.1.
The function
.B setpgrp
is from BSD 4.2.
is from 4.2BSD.
The function
.B getpgid
conforms to SVr4.

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@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ was specified.
Setting the effective user (group) ID to the saved user ID is
possible since Linux 1.1.37 (1.1.38).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3 (the
4.3BSD (the
.B setreuid
and
.B setregid

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@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ signal stack.
For backwards compatibility, glibc also provides \fBsigstack\fP.
All new applications should be written using \fBsigaltstack\fB.
.SH HISTORY
BSD 4.2 had a \fIsigstack\fP() system call. It used a slightly
4.2BSD had a \fIsigstack\fP() system call. It used a slightly
different struct, and had as major disadvantage that the caller
had to know the direction of stack growth.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"

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@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ or
\- this restriction is silently imposed by the system.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
4.4BSD. These function calls appeared in BSD 4.3 and are deprecated.
4.4BSD. These function calls appeared in 4.3BSD and are deprecated.
Use the POSIX signal facilities for new programs.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR kill (2),

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@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ appeared in 4.2BSD. It is generally portable to/from
non-BSD systems supporting clones of the BSD socket layer (including
System V variants).
.SH NOTE
The manifest constants used under BSD 4.* for protocol families
The manifest constants used under 4.x BSD for protocol families
are PF_UNIX, PF_INET, etc., while AF_UNIX etc. are used for address
families. However, already the BSD man page promises: "The protocol
family generally is the same as the address family", and subsequent

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@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ The
.BR stat ()
and
.BR fstat ()
calls conform to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3. The
calls conform to SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD. The
.BR lstat ()
call conforms to 4.3BSD and SVr4.
SVr4 documents additional

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@ -137,8 +137,8 @@ file (unless it also has other hard links). If this behaviour is not
desired, use
.BR link .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, BSD 4.3. SVr4 documents additional error codes
SVr4, SVID, BSD 4.3, X/OPEN. SVr4 documents additional error codes
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, 4.3BSD. SVr4 documents additional error codes
SVr4, SVID, 4.3BSD, X/OPEN. SVr4 documents additional error codes
EDQUOT and ENOSYS.
See
.BR open (2)

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@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ first commits inodes to buffers, and then buffers to disk.
.SH ERRORS
This function is always successful.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH BUGS
According to the standard specification (e.g., SVID),
\fBsync()\fP schedules the writes, but may return before the actual

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@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
.\"
.Dd June 16, 1993
.Dt SYSCALL 2
.Os BSD 4
.Os 4BSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm syscall
.Nd indirect system call

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@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ A
call has been present in Linux since version 1.3.57. It originated in
4.4BSD. Only Linux has the
.I /proc/sys
mirror, and the object naming schemes differ between Linux and BSD 4.4,
mirror, and the object naming schemes differ between Linux and 4.4BSD,
but the declaration of the
.BR sysctl (2)
function is the same in both.

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@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ required to be synchronised to a standard reference. The intention is
that the interpretation of seconds since the Epoch values be
consistent; see POSIX.1 Annex B 2.2.2 for further rationale.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.br
Under BSD 4.3, this call is obsoleted by
Under 4.3BSD, this call is obsoleted by
.BR gettimeofday (2).
POSIX does not specify any error conditions.
.SH "SEE ALSO"

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@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ that are not measured in clock ticks
but in
.BR CLOCKS_PER_SEC .
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "HISTORICAL NOTES"
SVr1-3 returns
.I long

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@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ The
.I fd
does not reference a regular file.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
4.4BSD, SVr4 (these function calls first appeared in BSD 4.2).
4.4BSD, SVr4 (these function calls first appeared in 4.2BSD).
POSIX 1003.1-1996 has
.BR ftruncate .
POSIX 1003.1-2001 also has

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@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ as 0666).
This system call always succeeds and the previous value of the mask
is returned.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR chmod (2),
.BR mkdir (2),

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@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ is not valid.
SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN.
There is no
.B uname
call in BSD 4.3.
call in 4.3BSD.
.PP
The
.I domainname

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@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ SVr4, SVID, POSIX. SVr4 documents additional error conditions EFAULT,
EINTR, ELOOP, EMULTIHOP, ENAMETOOLONG, ENOLINK, ENOLINK, ENOTDIR.
.br
.BR utimes :
BSD 4.3
4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR chattr (1),
.BR stat (2)

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@ -149,9 +149,9 @@ and requires a kernel patch.
The
.BR vfork ()
system call appeared in 3.0BSD.
.\" In the release notes for BSD 4.2 Sam Leffler wrote: `vfork: Is still
.\" In the release notes for 4.2BSD Sam Leffler wrote: `vfork: Is still
.\" present, but definitely on its way out'.
In BSD 4.4 it was made synonymous to
In 4.4BSD it was made synonymous to
.BR fork ()
but NetBSD introduced it again,
cf. http://www.netbsd.org/Documentation/kernel/vfork.html .

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@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ function will still override it.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBabort()\fP function never returns.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99)
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899 (C99)
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR sigaction (2),
.BR exit (3),

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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ appropriate integer type for the function.
Returns the absolute value of the integer argument, of the appropriate
integer type for the function.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX.1, BSD 4.3, ISO/IEC 9899 (C99). POSIX.1 (1996 edition) only
SVID 3, POSIX.1, 4.3BSD, ISO/IEC 9899 (C99). POSIX.1 (1996 edition) only
requires the \fBabs()\fP function. ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (C89) only
includes the \fBabs()\fP and \fBlabs()\fP functions; the functions
\fBllabs()\fP and \fBimaxabs()\fP were added in C99.

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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ value is mathematically defined to be between 0 and PI (inclusive).
.B EDOM
\fIx\fP is out of range.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR asin (3),

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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ is set.
.B EDOM
\fIx\fP is out of range.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR asinh (3),

View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ If the allocation causes stack overflow, program behaviour is undefined.
There is evidence that the
.B alloca
function appeared in 32v, pwb, pwb.2, 3bsd, and 4bsd. There is a man page
for it in BSD 4.3. Linux uses the GNU version.
for it in 4.3BSD. Linux uses the GNU version.
This function is not in POSIX or SUSv3.
.SH "NOTES ON THE GNU VERSION"
Normally,

View File

@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ value is mathematically defined to be between \-PI/2 and PI/2
.B EDOM
\fIx\fP is out of range.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acos (3),

View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Link with \-lm.
The \fBasinh()\fP function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of
\fIx\fP; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is \fIx\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acosh (3),

View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The \fBatan()\fP function returns the arc tangent in radians and the
value is mathematically defined to be between \-PI/2 and PI/2
(inclusive).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acos (3),

View File

@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result.
The \fBatan2()\fP function returns the result in radians, which
is between \-PI and PI (inclusive).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acos (3),

View File

@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ not-a-number (NaN) and \fIerrno\fP is set.
.B EDOM
\fIx\fP is out of range.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acosh (3),

View File

@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Functions registered using \fBatexit\fP() (and \fBon_exit\fP())
are not called if a process terminates abnormally because
of the delivery of a signal.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899, POSIX 1003.1-2001
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899, POSIX 1003.1-2001
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR _exit (3),
.BR exit (3),

View File

@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ except that \fBatof()\fP does not detect errors.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The converted value.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR atoi (3),
.BR atol (3),

View File

@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ string to their return type of \fIlong\fP or \fIlong long\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The converted value.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX.1, BSD 4.3, ISO/IEC 9899. ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (C89) and
SVID 3, POSIX.1, 4.3BSD, ISO/IEC 9899. ISO/IEC 9899:1990 (C89) and
POSIX.1 (1996 edition) include the functions \fBatoi()\fP and
\fBatol()\fP only; C99 adds the function \fBatoll()\fP.
.SH NOTES

View File

@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
.fi
.\" this example referred to in qsort.3
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99)
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899 (C99)
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR hsearch (3),
.BR lsearch (3),

View File

@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ On the i80x86 the host byte order is Least Significant Byte first,
whereas the network byte order, as used on the Internet, is Most
Significant Byte first.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3
4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR gethostbyname (3),
.BR getservent (3)

View File

@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ of mantissa bits is 24 (resp. 53).)
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
The
.B ceil()
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The other functions are from C99.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR floor (3),

View File

@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ is set appropriately.
.B EBADF
Invalid directory stream descriptor \fIdir\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR close (2),
.BR opendir (3),

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ If \fIx\fP is a NaN, then a NaN with the sign of \fIy\fP is returned.
.SH NOTES
The \fBcopysign()\fP functions may treat a negative zero as positive.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
C99, BSD 4.3.
C99, 4.3BSD.
This function is defined in IEC 559 (and the appendix with
recommended functions in IEEE 754/IEEE 854).
.SH "SEE ALSO"

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ given in radians.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBcos()\fP function returns a value between \-1 and 1.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acos (3),

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Link with \-lm.
The \fBcosh()\fP function returns the hyperbolic cosine of \fIx\fP, which
is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(\-x)) / 2.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (C99).
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899 (C99).
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR acosh (3),

View File

@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ The entire key is significant here (instead of only the first
.LP
Programs using this function must be linked with \-lcrypt.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID, X/OPEN, BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2001
SVID, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2001
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (1),

View File

@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ defined when _BSD_SOURCE was set before including
.IR <time.h> .
This is a BSD extension, present in 4.3BSD-Reno.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR date (1),
.BR gettimeofday (2),

View File

@ -85,4 +85,4 @@ need not be set.
.SH HISTORY
The
.BR daemon ()
function first appeared in BSD4.4.
function first appeared in 4.4BSD.

View File

@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ The two times are specified in calendar time, which represents the time
elapsed since the Epoch
(00:00:00 on January 1, 1970, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899
.SH NOTES
This function is required by ANSI C.
On a POSIX system, time_t is an arithmetic type, and one could just

View File

@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ After
.fi
the values \fIq.quot\fP and \fIq.rem\fP are \-1 and \-2, respectively.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The functions lldiv() and imaxdiv() were added in ISO C99.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR abs (3),

View File

@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ erf(x) = 2/sqrt(pi)* integral from 0 to x of exp(\-t*t) dt
The \fBerfc()\fP function returns the complementary error function of
\fIx\fP, that is 1.0 \- erf(x).
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, C99.
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, C99.
The float and long double variants are requirements of C99.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR cerf (3),

View File

@ -111,6 +111,6 @@ struct ether_addr {
.SH BUGS
The glibc 2.2.5 implementation of ether_line() is broken.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3, SunOS
4.3BSD, SunOS
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ethers (5)

View File

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ termination, respectively.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
The \fBexit\fP() function does not return.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899 (``ANSI C'')
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899 (``ANSI C'')
.SH NOTES
.LP
It is undefined what happens if one of the

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Link with \-lm.
The \fBexp()\fP function returns the value of e (the base of natural
logarithms) raised to the power of \fIx\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR cbrt (3),

View File

@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ Compile with \-std=c99; link with \-lm.
The \fBexp2()\fP function returns the value of 2
raised to the power of \fIx\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR cbrt (3),

View File

@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ No errors can occur.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
The
.B fabs()
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The other functions are from C99.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR abs (3),

View File

@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ arguments of possibly different size.
These functions return the position of the first bit set,
or 0 if no bits are set.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
4.3BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
BSD systems have a prototype in
.IR <string.h> .

View File

@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ is defined.
.SH HISTORY
The
.B finite
function occurs in BSD 4.3.
.\" see IEEE.3 in the BSD 4.3 manual
function occurs in 4.3BSD.
.\" see IEEE.3 in the 4.3BSD manual
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR fpclassify (3)

View File

@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ of mantissa bits is 24 (resp. 53).)
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
The
.B floor()
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
function conforms to SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The other functions are from C99.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ceil (3),

View File

@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ when the function fails and \fIerrno\fP is set.
.B EDOM
The denominator \fIy\fP is zero.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR remainder (3)

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ is not an open stream.
These functions are nonstandard and not portable.
The function
.IR fpurge ()
was introduced in BSD 4.4 and is not available under Linux.
was introduced in 4.4BSD and is not available under Linux.
The function
.IR __fpurge ()
was introduced in Solaris, and is present in glibc 2.1.95 and later.

View File

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ times a power of two, and is always in the range 1/2 (inclusive) to
1 (exclusive). If \fIx\fP is zero, then the normalized fraction is
zero and zero is stored in \fIexp\fP.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899.
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899.
The float and the long double variants are C99 requirements.
.SH EXAMPLE
.nf

View File

@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ The
.B ftime()
function appeared in 4.2BSD.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.2, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
4.2BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2001.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR gettimeofday (2),
.BR time (2)

View File

@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ The options were invalid.
.Xr stat 2 ,
.Xr qsort 3
.Sh "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.4. The
4.4BSD. The
.Nm fts
utility is expected to be included in a future
.St -p1003.1-88

View File

@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the form \fIname = value\fP.
The \fBgetenv()\fP function returns a pointer to the value in the
environment, or NULL if there is no match.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, POSIX, BSD 4.3, ISO 9899
SVID 3, POSIX, 4.3BSD, ISO 9899
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR clearenv (3),
.BR putenv (3),

View File

@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ Insufficient buffer space supplied.
.I /etc/group
local group database file
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2003.
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2003.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR fgetgrent (3),
.BR getgrent_r (3),

View File

@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Insufficient buffer space supplied.
.I /etc/group
local group database file
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
SVID 3, BSD 4.3, POSIX 1003.1-2003
SVID 3, 4.3BSD, POSIX 1003.1-2003
.SH NOTES
The formulation given above under "RETURN VALUE" is from POSIX 1003.1-2001.
It does not call "not found" an error, hence does not specify what value

View File

@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ resolver configuration file
.I /etc/hosts
host database file
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
BSD 4.3.
4.3BSD.
.SH "SYSV/POSIX EXTENSION"
POSIX requires the
.BR gethostent ()

View File

@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
.\"
.Dd June 4, 1993
.Dt GETLOADAVG 3
.Os BSD 4.3
.Os 4.3BSD
.Sh NAME
.Nm getloadavg
.Nd get system load averages

View File

@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ SysV also has a \fBgetmntent()\fP function but the calling sequence
differs, and the returned structure is different. Under SysV
.I /etc/mnttab
is used.
BSD 4.4 and Digital Unix have a routine \fBgetmntinfo()\fP,
4.4BSD and Digital Unix have a routine \fBgetmntinfo()\fP,
a wrapper around the system call \fBgetfsstat()\fP.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR fopen (3),

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