diff --git a/man2/access.2 b/man2/access.2
index 3957a2ab8..0fb2a79f7 100644
--- a/man2/access.2
+++ b/man2/access.2
@@ -278,8 +278,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR faccessat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 Invalid flag specified in
diff --git a/man2/chmod.2 b/man2/chmod.2
index 017aab9d6..6862a7e3d 100644
--- a/man2/chmod.2
+++ b/man2/chmod.2
@@ -309,8 +309,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR fchmodat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 Invalid flag specified in
diff --git a/man2/chown.2 b/man2/chown.2
index e35587b28..354193c28 100644
--- a/man2/chown.2
+++ b/man2/chown.2
@@ -293,8 +293,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR fchownat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 Invalid flag specified in
diff --git a/man2/execveat.2 b/man2/execveat.2
index 495617b09..ad952631c 100644
--- a/man2/execveat.2
+++ b/man2/execveat.2
@@ -121,9 +121,12 @@ can also occur for
 The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR execveat ():
 .TP
-.B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 Invalid flag specified in
diff --git a/man2/futimesat.2 b/man2/futimesat.2
index 86e941fe5..c82e4014c 100644
--- a/man2/futimesat.2
+++ b/man2/futimesat.2
@@ -99,8 +99,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR futimesat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/link.2 b/man2/link.2
index c285ae896..2c9057653 100644
--- a/man2/link.2
+++ b/man2/link.2
@@ -282,10 +282,14 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR linkat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I oldpath
+.RI ( newpath )
+is relative but
 .I olddirfd
-or
-.I newdirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+.RI ( newdirfd )
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 An invalid flag value was specified in
diff --git a/man2/mkdir.2 b/man2/mkdir.2
index e4d7d9472..355ba086e 100644
--- a/man2/mkdir.2
+++ b/man2/mkdir.2
@@ -192,8 +192,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR mkdirat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/mknod.2 b/man2/mknod.2
index 1de3cd027..f5bb0900a 100644
--- a/man2/mknod.2
+++ b/man2/mknod.2
@@ -229,8 +229,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR mknodat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/mount_setattr.2 b/man2/mount_setattr.2
index 81dc4856b..24cd36382 100644
--- a/man2/mount_setattr.2
+++ b/man2/mount_setattr.2
@@ -408,8 +408,12 @@ is set to indicate the cause of the error.
 .SH ERRORS
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EBADF
 .I userns_fd
diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2
index bfc1b2f6b..7c0e9cd2e 100644
--- a/man2/open.2
+++ b/man2/open.2
@@ -1290,8 +1290,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR openat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/open_by_handle_at.2 b/man2/open_by_handle_at.2
index f3fa2a4f4..9e33f5753 100644
--- a/man2/open_by_handle_at.2
+++ b/man2/open_by_handle_at.2
@@ -349,9 +349,11 @@ is not an open file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EBADF
 .I pathname
-is relative and
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EFAULT
 .IR handle
diff --git a/man2/readlink.2 b/man2/readlink.2
index 7387ee4e0..6ae07c385 100644
--- a/man2/readlink.2
+++ b/man2/readlink.2
@@ -200,8 +200,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR readlinkat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/rename.2 b/man2/rename.2
index dfde1ce6d..a5dbd55ba 100644
--- a/man2/rename.2
+++ b/man2/rename.2
@@ -438,9 +438,11 @@ and
 .BR renameat2 ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I oldpath
+.RI ( newpath )
+is relative but
 .I olddirfd
-or
-.I newdirfd
+.RI ( newdirfd )
 is not a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
diff --git a/man2/stat.2 b/man2/stat.2
index 339920d71..e5859abaf 100644
--- a/man2/stat.2
+++ b/man2/stat.2
@@ -434,8 +434,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR fstatat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 Invalid flag specified in
diff --git a/man2/statx.2 b/man2/statx.2
index 62e86fb1b..85b23dd59 100644
--- a/man2/statx.2
+++ b/man2/statx.2
@@ -505,8 +505,12 @@ in the path prefix of
 .BR path_resolution (7).)
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid open file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EFAULT
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man2/symlink.2 b/man2/symlink.2
index 87c25d5f4..83d29d3e9 100644
--- a/man2/symlink.2
+++ b/man2/symlink.2
@@ -203,8 +203,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR symlinkat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I linkpath
+is relative but
 .I newdirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOENT
 .I linkpath
diff --git a/man2/unlink.2 b/man2/unlink.2
index 6f4c187f8..dbb17ea75 100644
--- a/man2/unlink.2
+++ b/man2/unlink.2
@@ -246,8 +246,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR unlinkat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B EINVAL
 An invalid flag value was specified in
diff --git a/man2/utimensat.2 b/man2/utimensat.2
index 006677db8..4ef7be7b8 100644
--- a/man2/utimensat.2
+++ b/man2/utimensat.2
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ is not a valid file descriptor.
 .B EBADF
 .RB ( utimensat ())
 .I pathname
-is a relative pathname, but
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
 is neither
 .BR AT_FDCWD
diff --git a/man3/mkfifo.3 b/man3/mkfifo.3
index e98c3488e..85622b239 100644
--- a/man3/mkfifo.3
+++ b/man3/mkfifo.3
@@ -162,8 +162,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR mkfifoat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I pathname
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I pathname
diff --git a/man3/scandir.3 b/man3/scandir.3
index 0ea295ce3..ba7ef58ca 100644
--- a/man3/scandir.3
+++ b/man3/scandir.3
@@ -204,8 +204,12 @@ The following additional errors can occur for
 .BR scandirat ():
 .TP
 .B EBADF
+.I dirp
+is relative but
 .I dirfd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
+is neither
+.B AT_FDCWD
+nor a valid file descriptor.
 .TP
 .B ENOTDIR
 .I dirp