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Added SEE ALSO referring to standards.7
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Michael Kerrisk
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@ -256,3 +256,5 @@ and use a browser if you find HTML files there.
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.\"
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.\" Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...?
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.\" gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR standards (7)
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96
man2/intro.2
96
man2/intro.2
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@ -174,17 +174,46 @@ Manual: Operating System API (Intel processors)" (Prentice-Hall
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SVID
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System V Interface Definition, as described in "The System V Interface
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Definition, Fourth Edition".
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Available online at http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/ .
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.TP
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C89
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This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI
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(American National Standards Institute) in 1989
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.RI ( X3.159-1989 ).
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Sometimes this is known as
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.IR "ANSI C" ,
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but since C99 is also an
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ANSI standard, this term is ambiguous.
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This standard was also ratified by
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ISO (International Standards Organization) in 1990
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.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1990" ),
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and is thus occasionally referred to as
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.IR "ISO C90" .
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.TP
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C99
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This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999
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.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1999" ).
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.TP
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POSIX.1-1990
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IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1, aka ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990s, aka "IEEE Portable
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Operating System Interface for Computing Environments", as elucidated
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"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments".
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IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990
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.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990" ).
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Further information can be found
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in Donald Lewine's "POSIX Programmer's Guide" (O'Reilly & Associates,
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Inc., 1991, ISBN 0-937175-73-0.
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Inc., 1991, ISBN 0-937175-73-0).
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The term "POSIX" was coined by Richard Stallman.
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.TP
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POSIX.2
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IEEE Std 1003.2-1992,
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describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in 1993
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.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993" ).
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.TP
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POSIX.1b
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IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993 (POSIX.1b standard) describing real-time facilities
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for portable operating systems, aka ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996, as elucidated in
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"Programming for the real world \- POSIX.4"
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IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, describing real-time facilities
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for portable operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996
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.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996" ).
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For further information, see
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"POSIX.4: Programming for the real world"
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by Bill O. Gallmeister (O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. ISBN 1-56592-074-0).
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.TP
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POSIX.1c
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@ -193,19 +222,51 @@ IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995 describing the POSIX threads interfaces.
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POSIX.1-1996
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A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c.
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.TP
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SUS, SUSv2
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XPG3
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Released in 1989, this was the first significant release of the
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.IR "X/Open Portability Guide" ,
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produced by the
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X/Open Company, a multi-vendor consortium.
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This multi-volume guide was based on the POSIX standards.
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.TP
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XPG4
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A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992.
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.TP
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XPG4v2
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A 1994 revision of XPG4.
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This is also referred to as
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.IR "Spec 1170" ,
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where 1170 referred to the number of interfaces
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defined by this standard.
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.TP
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SUS
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Single Unix Specification.
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(Developed by X/Open and The Open Group. See also
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This was a repackaging of XPGv2 and other X/Open standards
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(X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2,
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X/Open Networking Service (XNS) Issue 4).
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Systems conforming to this standard can be branded
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.IR "UNIX 95" .
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.TP
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SUSv2
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Single Unix Specification version 2.
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Sometimes also referred to as
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.IR XPG5 .
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This standard appeared in 1997.
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Systems conformin to this standard can be branded
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.IR "UNIX 98" .
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See also
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http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version2/ .)
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.TP
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POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3
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The 2001 revision and consolidation of the POSIX.1 and SUS standards
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into a single document, conducted under the auspices of the Austin group
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This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the
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POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS standards into a single document,
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conducted under the auspices of the Austin group
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(http://www.opengroup.org/austin/ .)
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The standard is available online at
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http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/ ,
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and the interfaces that it describes are also available in the Linux
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manual pages package under sections 1p and 3p (e.g., "man 3p open").
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.sp
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The standard defines two levels of conformance:
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.IR "POSIX conformance" ,
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which is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system;
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@ -215,13 +276,21 @@ which additionally mandates a set of interfaces
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(the "XSI extension") which are only optional for POSIX conformance.
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XSI-conformant systems can be branded
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.IR "UNIX 03" .
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.sp
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POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the
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library functions standardised in C99 are also
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standardised in POSIX.1-1001.
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.sp
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Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements)
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of the original 2001 standard have occurred:
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TC1 in 2003, and TC2 in 2004.
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TC1 in 2003 (referred to as
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.IR POSIX.1-2003 ),
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and TC2 in 2004 (referred to as
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.IR POSIX.1-2004 ).
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.TP
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4.3BSD/4.4BSD
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The 4.3 and 4.4 distributions of Berkeley Unix. 4.4BSD was
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upward-compatible from 4.3.
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upward-compatible from 4.3BSD.
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.TP
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V7
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Version 7, the ancestral Unix from Bell Labs.
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@ -230,4 +299,5 @@ Version 7, the ancestral Unix from Bell Labs.
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR syscall (2),
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.BR errno (3),
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.BR feature_test_macros (7)
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.BR feature_test_macros (7),
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.BR standards (7)
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@ -59,4 +59,5 @@ conditions. Note that these can be different from page to page!
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR intro (2),
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.BR errno (3),
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.BR feature_test_macros (7)
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.BR feature_test_macros (7),
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.BR standards (7)
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@ -31,3 +31,5 @@ This chapter describes special files.
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.SH AUTHORS
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Look at the header of the manual page for the author(s) and copyright
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conditions. Note that these can be different from page to page!
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR standards (7)
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@ -31,3 +31,5 @@ and the used C structures, if any.
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.SH AUTHORS
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Look at the header of the manual page for the author(s) and copyright
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conditions. Note that these can be different from page to page!
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR standards (7)
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@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ definitions conforming to POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and XPG4.
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Defining with the value 500 or greater additionally exposes
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definitions for SUSv2 (UNIX 98).
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Defining with the value 600 or greater additionally exposes
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definitions for SUSv3 (UNIX 03; i.e., the POSIX.1 base specification
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definitions for SUSv3 (UNIX 03; i.e., the POSIX.1-2001 base specification
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plus the XSI extension) and C 99 definitions.
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.TP
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.B _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
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@ -35,3 +35,5 @@ and miscellaneous other things.
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.SH AUTHORS
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Look at the header of the manual page for the author(s) and copyright
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conditions. Note that these can be different from page to page!
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR standards (7)
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