This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2008-06-26 12:56:53 +00:00
parent 419f5a4cc2
commit 9085070854
1 changed files with 40 additions and 40 deletions

View File

@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ It is important to realize that this rule includes commands which may
optionally traverse file trees, e.g.\& the command
.I "chown file"
is included in this rule, while the command
.IR "chown -R file" ,
.IR "chown \-R file" ,
which performs a tree traversal, is not.
(The latter is described in the third area, below.)
@ -231,14 +231,14 @@ link instead of following the symbolic link, e.g., it is desired that
change the ownership of the file that
.I slink
is, whether it is a symbolic link or not, the
.I -h
.I \-h
option should be used.
In the above example,
.I "chown root slink"
would change the ownership of the file referred to by
.IR slink ,
while
.I "chown -h root slink"
.I "chown \-h root slink"
would change the ownership of
.I slink
itself.
@ -261,27 +261,27 @@ command is also an exception to this rule.
For compatibility with historic systems (when
.BR ls (1)
is not doing a tree walk, i.e., the
.I -R
.I \-R
option is not specified),
the
.BR ls (1)
command follows symbolic links named as arguments if the
.I -H
.I \-H
or
.I -L
.I \-L
option is specified,
or if the
.IR -F ,
.IR -d ,
.IR \-F ,
.IR \-d ,
or
.I -l
.I \-l
options are not specified.
(The
.BR ls (1)
command is the only command where the
.I -H
.I \-H
and
.I -L
.I \-L
options affect its behavior even though it is not doing a walk of
a file tree.)
.IP *
@ -294,7 +294,7 @@ command does not follow symbolic links named as argument by default.
The
.BR file (1)
command does follow symbolic links named as argument if the
.I -L
.I \-L
option is specified.
.\"
.\"The 4.4BSD system differs from historical 4BSD systems in that the
@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Operations that apply to symbolic links are performed on the links
themselves, but otherwise the links are ignored.
The command
.I "rm -r slink directory"
.I "rm \-r slink directory"
will remove
.IR slink ,
as well as any symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal of
@ -348,27 +348,27 @@ possible by commands that perform file tree walks:
A command can be made to follow
any symbolic links named on the command line,
regardless of the type of file they reference, by specifying the
.I -H
(for "half\-logical") flag.
.I \-H
(for "half-logical") flag.
This flag is intended to make the command-line name space look
like the logical name space.
(Note, for commands that do not always do file tree traversals, the
.I -H
.I \-H
flag will be ignored if the
.I -R
.I \-R
flag is not also specified.)
For example, the command
.I "chown -HR user slink"
.I "chown \-HR user slink"
will traverse the file hierarchy rooted in the file pointed to by
.IR slink .
Note, the
.I -H
.I \-H
is not the same as the previously discussed
.I -h
.I \-h
flag.
The
.I -H
.I \-H
flag causes symbolic links specified on the command line to be
dereferenced for the purposes of both the action to be performed
and the tree walk, and it is as if the user had specified the
@ -378,18 +378,18 @@ A command can be made to
follow any symbolic links named on the command line,
as well as any symbolic links encountered during the traversal,
regardless of the type of file they reference, by specifying the
.I -L
.I \-L
(for "logical") flag.
This flag is intended to make the entire name space look like
the logical name space.
(Note, for commands that do not always do file tree traversals, the
.I -L
.I \-L
flag will be ignored if the
.I -R
.I \-R
flag is not also specified.)
For example, the command
.I "chown -LR user slink"
.I "chown \-LR user slink"
will change the owner of the file referred to by
.IR slink .
If
@ -405,24 +405,24 @@ traverses, they will be treated in the same fashion as
.IP *
A command can be made to
provide the default behavior by specifying the
.I -P
.I \-P
(for "physical") flag.
This flag is intended to make the entire name space look like the
physical name space.
.PP
For commands that do not by default do file tree traversals, the
.IR -H ,
.IR -L ,
.IR \-H ,
.IR \-L ,
and
.I -P
.I \-P
flags are ignored if the
.I -R
.I \-R
flag is not also specified.
In addition, you may specify the
.IR -H ,
.IR -L ,
.IR \-H ,
.IR \-L ,
and
.I -P
.I \-P
options more than once;
the last one specified determines the command's behavior.
This is intended to permit you to alias commands to behave one way
@ -441,10 +441,10 @@ and therefore never follows a symbolic link.
The
.BR rm (1)
command does not support the
.IR -H ,
.IR -L ,
.IR \-H ,
.IR \-L ,
or
.I -P
.I \-P
options.
.IP *
To maintain compatibility with historic systems,
@ -452,15 +452,15 @@ the
.BR ls (1)
command acts a little differently.
If you do not specify the
.IR -F ,
.IR -d
.IR \-F ,
.IR \-d
or
.I -l
.I \-l
options,
.BR ls (1)
will follow symbolic links specified on the command line.
If the
.I -L
.I \-L
flag is specified,
.BR ls (1)
follows all symbolic links,