Formatted signal names

Changes

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Contributors
 The following people contributed notes, ideas, or patches that have
 been incorporated in changes in this release:
 
+Stepan Kasal <kasal@ucw.cz>
 
 Apologies if I missed anyone!
 
@@ -16,6 +17,12 @@ Apologies if I missed anyone!
 Global changes
 --------------
 
+Many many pages
+    mtk
+        Many many formatting fixes
+
+Stepan Kasal
+    Add section number to .TH line for POSIX pages in man[013]p.
 
 
 Changes to individual pages

man2/execve.2

@@ -180,7 +180,8 @@ The process name, as set by
 .IR "ps \-o comm" ),
 is reset to the name of the new executable file.
 .IP * 4
-The termination signal is reset to SIGCHLD
+The termination signal is reset to
+.B SIGCHLD
 (see
 .BR clone (2)).
 .PP
@@ -195,7 +196,9 @@ is executed at program start-up.
 .IP * 4
 POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the dispositions of any signals that
 are ignored or set to the default are left unchanged.
-POSIX.1-2001 specifies one exception: if SIGCHLD is being ignored,
+POSIX.1-2001 specifies one exception: if
+.B SIGCHLD
+is being ignored,
 then an implementation may leave the disposition unchanged or
 reset it to the default; Linux does the former.
 .IP * 4

man2/fcntl.2

@@ -376,15 +376,21 @@ and
 are used to manage I/O availability signals:
 .TP
 .B F_GETOWN
-Get the process ID or process group currently receiving SIGIO
+Get the process ID or process group currently receiving
-and SIGURG signals for events on file descriptor
+.B SIGIO
+and
+.B SIGURG
+signals for events on file descriptor
 .IR fd .
 Process IDs are returned as positive values;
 process group IDs are returned as negative values (but see BUGS below).
 .TP
 .B F_SETOWN
-Set the process ID or process group ID that will receive SIGIO
+Set the process ID or process group ID that will receive
-and SIGURG signals for events on file descriptor
+.B SIGIO
+and
+.B SIGURG
+signals for events on file descriptor
 .IR fd .
 A process ID is specified as a positive value;
 a process group ID is specified as a negative value.
@@ -401,10 +407,13 @@ status flag on a file descriptor by using the
 .B F_SETFL
 command of
 .BR fcntl ()),
-a SIGIO signal is sent whenever input or output becomes possible
+a
+.B SIGIO
+signal is sent whenever input or output becomes possible
 on that file descriptor.
 .B F_SETSIG
-can be used to obtain delivery of a signal other than SIGIO.
+can be used to obtain delivery of a signal other than
+.BR SIGIO .
 If this permission check fails, then the signal is
 silently discarded.
 
@@ -421,9 +430,12 @@ If the file descriptor
 refers to a socket,
 .B F_SETOWN
 also selects
-the recipient of SIGURG signals that are delivered when out-of-band
+the recipient of
+.B SIGURG
+signals that are delivered when out-of-band
 data arrives on that socket.
-(SIGURG is sent in any situation where
+.RB ( SIGURG
+is sent in any situation where
 .BR select (2)
 would report the socket as having an "exceptional condition".)
 .\" The following appears to be rubbish.  It doesn't seem to
@@ -465,7 +477,9 @@ or
 .BR getpid (2)
 in this scenario.)
 Note, however, that the statements in this paragraph do not apply
-to the SIGURG signal generated for out-of-band data on a socket:
+to the
+.B SIGURG
+signal generated for out-of-band data on a socket:
 this signal is always sent to either a process or a process group,
 depending on the value given to
 .BR F_SETOWN .
@@ -480,23 +494,34 @@ process (see
 and
 .BR signal (7))
 and if this limit is reached, then the kernel reverts to
-delivering SIGIO, and this signal is delivered to the entire
+delivering
+.BR SIGIO ,
+and this signal is delivered to the entire
 process rather than to a specific thread.
 .\" See fs/fcntl.c::send_sigio_to_task() (2.4/2.6) sources -- MTK, Apr 05
 .TP
 .B F_GETSIG
 Get the signal sent when input or output becomes possible.
-A value of zero means SIGIO is sent.
+A value of zero means
-Any other value (including SIGIO) is the
+.B SIGIO
+is sent.
+Any other value (including
+.BR SIGIO )
+is the
 signal sent instead, and in this case additional info is available to
-the signal handler if installed with SA_SIGINFO.
+the signal handler if installed with
+.BR SA_SIGINFO .
 .TP
 .B F_SETSIG
 Sets the signal sent when input or output becomes possible.
-A value of zero means to send the default SIGIO signal.
+A value of zero means to send the default
+.B SIGIO
+signal.
 Any other value (including
-SIGIO) is the signal to send instead, and in this case additional info
+.BR SIGIO )
-is available to the signal handler if installed with SA_SIGINFO.
+is the signal to send instead, and in this case additional info
+is available to the signal handler if installed with
+.BR SA_SIGINFO .
 .sp
 Additionally, passing a non-zero value to
 .B F_SETSIG
@@ -508,7 +533,9 @@ for more details.
 .sp
 By using
 .B F_SETSIG
-with a non-zero value, and setting SA_SIGINFO for the
+with a non-zero value, and setting
+.B SA_SIGINFO
+for the
 signal handler (see
 .BR sigaction (2)),
 extra information about I/O events is passed to
@@ -517,7 +544,9 @@ the handler in a
 structure.
 If the
 .I si_code
-field indicates the source is SI_SIGIO, the
+field indicates the source is
+.BR SI_SIGIO ,
+the
 .I si_fd
 field gives the file descriptor associated with the event.
 Otherwise,
@@ -530,11 +559,14 @@ with
 .B O_NONBLOCK
 set etc.) to determine which file descriptors are available for I/O.
 .sp
-By selecting a real time signal (value >= SIGRTMIN), multiple
+By selecting a real time signal (value >= 
-I/O events may be queued using the same signal numbers.
+.BR SIGRTMIN ),
+multiple I/O events may be queued using the same signal numbers.
 (Queuing is dependent on available memory).
 Extra information is available
-if SA_SIGINFO is set for the signal handler, as above.
+if
+.B SA_SIGINFO
+is set for the signal handler, as above.
 .PP
 Using these mechanisms, a program can implement fully asynchronous I/O
 without using
@@ -627,7 +659,8 @@ that conflicts with a lease established via
 .BR F_SETLEASE ,
 the system call is blocked by the kernel and
 the kernel notifies the lease holder by sending it a signal
-(SIGIO by default).
+.RB ( SIGIO
+by default).
 The lease holder should respond to receipt of this signal by doing
 whatever cleanup is required in preparation for the file to be
 accessed by another process (e.g., flushing cached buffers) and
@@ -678,16 +711,20 @@ then the call immediately fails with the error
 .BR EWOULDBLOCK ,
 but the other steps still occur as described above.
 
-The default signal used to notify the lease holder is SIGIO,
+The default signal used to notify the lease holder is
+.BR SIGIO ,
 but this can be changed using the
 .B F_SETSIG
 command to
 .BR fcntl ().
 If a
 .B F_SETSIG
-command is performed (even one specifying SIGIO), and the signal
+command is performed (even one specifying
-handler is established using SA_SIGINFO, then the handler will
+.BR SIGIO ),
-receive a
+and the signal
+handler is established using
+.BR SA_SIGINFO ,
+then the handler will receive a
 .I siginfo_t
 structure as its second argument, and the
 .I si_fd
@@ -747,14 +784,18 @@ call specifying
 as 0.
 .sp
 Notification occurs via delivery of a signal.
-The default signal is SIGIO, but this can be changed using the
+The default signal is
+.BR SIGIO ,
+but this can be changed using the
 .B F_SETSIG
 command to
 .BR fcntl ().
 In the latter case, the signal handler receives a
 .I siginfo_t
 structure as its second argument (if the handler was
-established using SA_SIGINFO) and the
+established using
+.BR SA_SIGINFO )
+and the
 .I si_fd
 field of this structure contains the file descriptor which
 generated the notification (useful when establishing notification
@@ -790,7 +831,9 @@ Value of descriptor owner.
 .TP
 .B F_GETSIG
 Value of signal sent when read or write becomes possible, or zero
-for traditional SIGIO behavior.
+for traditional
+.B SIGIO
+behavior.
 .TP
 All other commands
 Zero.
@@ -861,13 +904,30 @@ Attempted to clear the
 flag on a file that has the append-only attribute set.
 .SH "CONFORMING TO"
 SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
-Only the operations F_DUPFD,
+Only the operations
-F_GETFD, F_SETFD, F_GETFL, F_SETFL, F_GETLK, F_SETLK, F_SETLKW,
+.BR F_DUPFD ,
-F_GETOWN, and F_SETOWN are specified in POSIX.1-2001.
+.BR F_GETFD ,
+.BR F_SETFD ,
+.BR F_GETFL ,
+.BR F_SETFL ,
+.BR F_GETLK ,
+.BR F_SETLK ,
+.BR F_SETLKW ,
+.BR F_GETOWN ,
+and
+.BR F_SETOWN
+are specified in POSIX.1-2001.
 
-F_GETSIG, F_SETSIG, F_NOTIFY, F_GETLEASE, and F_SETLEASE
+.BR F_GETSIG ,
+.BR F_SETSIG ,
+.BR F_NOTIFY ,
+.BR F_GETLEASE ,
+and
+.BR F_SETLEASE
 are Linux specific.
-(Define the _GNU_SOURCE macro to obtain these definitions.)
+(Define the 
+.BR _GNU_SOURCE
+macro to obtain these definitions.)
 .\" .PP
 .\" SVr4 documents additional EIO, ENOLINK and EOVERFLOW error conditions.
 .SH NOTES

man2/fork.2

@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ Memory mappings that have been marked with the
 flag are not inherited across a
 .BR fork (2).
 .IP * 4
-The termination signal of the child is always SIGCHLD
+The termination signal of the child is always
+.B SIGCHLD
 (see
 .BR clone (2)).
 .PP

man2/kill.2

@@ -79,7 +79,9 @@ it must either be privileged (under Linux: have the
 capability), or the real or effective
 user ID of the sending process must equal the real or
 saved set-user-ID of the target process.
-In the case of SIGCONT it suffices when the sending and receiving
+In the case of
+.B SIGCONT
+it suffices when the sending and receiving
 processes belong to the same session.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 On success (at least one signal was sent), zero is returned.

man2/killpg.2

@@ -69,7 +69,9 @@ it must either be privileged (under Linux: have the
 capability), or the real or effective
 user ID of the sending process must equal the real or
 saved set-user-ID of the target process.
-In the case of SIGCONT it suffices when the sending and receiving
+In the case of
+.B SIGCONT
+it suffices when the sending and receiving
 processes belong to the same session.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 On success, zero is returned.

man2/mmap.2

@@ -231,7 +231,9 @@ that are already present in RAM.
 Do not reserve swap space for this mapping.
 When swap space is reserved, one has the guarantee
 that it is possible to modify the mapping.
-When swap space is not reserved one might get SIGSEGV upon a write
+When swap space is not reserved one might get
+.B SIGSEGV
+upon a write
 if no physical memory is available.
 See also the discussion of the file
 .I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory
@@ -285,7 +287,8 @@ The address
 must be a multiple of the page size.
 All pages containing a part
 of the indicated range are unmapped, and subsequent references
-to these pages will generate SIGSEGV.
+to these pages will generate
+.BR SIGSEGV .
 It is not an error if the
 indicated range does not contain any mapped pages.
 

man2/nanosleep.2

@@ -139,10 +139,13 @@ current 2.4 kernels, but not in 2.6 kernels.
 .PP
 In Linux 2.4, if
 .BR nanosleep ()
-is stopped by a signal (e.g., SIGTSTP),
+is stopped by a signal (e.g.,
+.BR SIGTSTP ),
 then the call fails with the error
 .BR EINTR
-after the process is resumed by a SIGCONT signal.
+after the process is resumed by a
+.B SIGCONT
+signal.
 If the system call is subsequently restarted,
 then the time that the process spent in the stopped state is
 \fInot\fP counted against the sleep interval.

man2/open.2

@@ -131,7 +131,9 @@ can't be done without a race condition.
 .TP
 .B O_ASYNC
 Enable signal-driven I/O:
-generate a signal (SIGIO by default, but this can be changed via
+generate a signal
+.RB ( SIGIO
+by default, but this can be changed via
 .BR fcntl (2))
 when input or output becomes possible on this file descriptor.
 This feature is only available for terminals, pseudo-terminals,

man2/prctl.2

@@ -152,7 +152,9 @@ or
 Set unaligned access control bits to \fIarg2\fP.
 Pass
 \fBPR_UNALIGN_NOPRINT\fP to silently fix up unaligned user accesses,
-or \fBPR_UNALIGN_SIGBUS\fP to generate SIGBUS on unaligned user access.
+or \fBPR_UNALIGN_SIGBUS\fP to generate
+.B SIGBUS
+on unaligned user access.
 .TP
 .B PR_GET_UNALIGN
 (Since Linux 2.3.48, only on parisc and ia64)
@@ -162,7 +164,9 @@ Get unaligned access control bits from \fIarg2\fP.
 (Since Linux 2.4.18, 2.5.9, only on ia64)
 Set floating-point emulation control bits to \fIarg2\fP.
 Pass \fBPR_FPEMU_NOPRINT\fP to silently emulate fp operations accesses, or
-\fBPR_FPEMU_SIGFPE\fP to not emulate fp operations and send SIGFPE instead.
+\fBPR_FPEMU_SIGFPE\fP to not emulate fp operations and send
+.B SIGFPE
+instead.
 .TP
 .B PR_GET_FPEMU
 (Since Linux 2.4.18, 2.5.9, only on ia64)

man2/ptrace.2

@@ -61,15 +61,18 @@ call tracing.
 .LP
 The parent can initiate a trace by calling
 .BR fork (2)
-and having the resulting child do a PTRACE_TRACEME,
+and having the resulting child do a
+.BR PTRACE_TRACEME ,
 followed (typically) by an
 .BR exec (3).
 Alternatively, the parent may commence trace of an existing process using
-PTRACE_ATTACH.
+.BR PTRACE_ATTACH .
 .LP
 While being traced, the child will stop each time a signal is delivered,
 even if the signal is being ignored.
-(The exception is SIGKILL, which has its usual effect.)
+(The exception is
+.BR SIGKILL ,
+which has its usual effect.)
 The parent will be notified at its next
 .BR wait (2)
 and may inspect and modify the child process while it is stopped.
@@ -78,20 +81,26 @@ optionally ignoring the delivered signal
 (or even delivering a different signal instead).
 .LP
 When the parent is finished tracing, it can terminate the child with
-PTRACE_KILL or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced mode
+.B PTRACE_KILL
-via PTRACE_DETACH.
+or cause it to continue executing in a normal, untraced mode
+via
+.BR PTRACE_DETACH .
 .LP
 The value of \fIrequest\fP determines the action to be performed:
 .TP
-PTRACE_TRACEME
+.B PTRACE_TRACEME
 Indicates that this process is to be traced by its parent.
 Any signal
-(except SIGKILL) delivered to this process will cause it to stop and its
+(except
+.BR SIGKILL )
+delivered to this process will cause it to stop and its
 parent to be notified via
 .BR wait (2).
 Also, all subsequent calls to
 .BR execve (2)
-by this process will cause a SIGTRAP to be sent to it,
+by this process will cause a
+.B SIGTRAP
+to be sent to it,
 giving the parent a chance to gain control before the new program
 begins execution.
 A process probably shouldn't make this request if its parent
@@ -102,10 +111,12 @@ The above request is used only by the child process;
 the rest are used only by the parent.
 In the following requests, \fIpid\fP specifies the child process
 to be acted on.
-For requests other than PTRACE_KILL, the child process must
+For requests other than
+.BR PTRACE_KILL ,
+the child process must
 be stopped.
 .TP
-PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, PTRACE_PEEKDATA
+.BR PTRACE_PEEKTEXT ", " PTRACE_PEEKDATA
 Reads a word at the location
 .IR addr
 in the child's memory, returning the word as the result of the
@@ -115,12 +126,11 @@ Linux does not have separate text and data address spaces, so the two
 requests are currently equivalent.
 (The argument \fIdata\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_PEEKUSR
+.B PTRACE_PEEKUSR
 Reads a word at offset
 .I addr
-in the child's
+in the child's USER area,
-.B USER
+which holds the registers and other information about the process
-area, which holds the registers and other information about the process
 (see \fI<linux/user.h>\fP and <sys/user.h>).
 The word is returned as the result of the
 .BR ptrace ()
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@ call.
 Typically the offset must be word-aligned, though this might vary by
 architecture.  (\fIdata\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_POKETEXT, PTRACE_POKEDATA
+.BR PTRACE_POKETEXT ", " PTRACE_POKEDATA
 Copies the word
 .IR data
 to location
@@ -136,41 +146,39 @@ to location
 in the child's memory.
 As above, the two requests are currently equivalent.
 .TP
-PTRACE_POKEUSR
+.B PTRACE_POKEUSR
 Copies the word
 .IR data
 to offset
 .I addr
-in the child's
+in the child's USER area.
-.B USER
-area.
 As above, the offset must typically be word-aligned.
 In order to maintain the integrity of the kernel,
-some modifications to the
+some modifications to the USER area are disallowed.
-.B USER
-area are disallowed.
 .TP
-PTRACE_GETREGS, PTRACE_GETFPREGS
+.BR PTRACE_GETREGS ", " PTRACE_GETFPREGS
 Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers,
 respectively, to location \fIdata\fP in the parent.
 See \fI<linux/user.h>\fP for information on
 the format of this data.  (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_GETSIGINFO (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)
+.BR PTRACE_GETSIGINFO " (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
 Retrieve information about the signal that caused the stop.
 Copies a \fIsiginfo_t\fP structure (see
 .BR sigaction (2))
 from the child to location \fIdata\fP in the parent.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_SETREGS, PTRACE_SETFPREGS
+.BR PTRACE_SETREGS " , " PTRACE_SETFPREGS
 Copies the child's general purpose or floating-point registers,
 respectively, from location \fIdata\fP in the parent.
-As for PTRACE_POKEUSER, some general
+As for
+.BR PTRACE_POKEUSER ,
+some general
 purpose register modifications may be disallowed.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_SETSIGINFO (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)
+.BR PTRACE_SETSIGINFO " (since Linux 2.3.99-pre6)"
 Set signal information.
 Copies a \fIsiginfo_t\fP structure from location \fIdata\fP in the
 parent to the child.
@@ -181,65 +189,84 @@ these normal signals from synthetic signals generated by
 .BR ptrace ()
 itself.  (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_SETOPTIONS (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)
+.BR PTRACE_SETOPTIONS " (since Linux 2.4.6; see BUGS for caveats)"
 Sets ptrace options from \fIdata\fP in the parent.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 \fIdata\fP is interpreted
 as a bitmask of options, which are specified by the following flags:
 .RS
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD (since Linux 2.4.6)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD " (since Linux 2.4.6)"
 When delivering syscall traps, set bit 7 in the signal number
-(i.e., deliver (SIGTRAP | 0x80)
+(i.e., deliver \fI(SIGTRAP | 0x80)\fP
 This makes it easy for the tracer to tell the difference
 between normal traps and those caused by a syscall.
-(PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD may not work on all architectures.)
+.RB ( PTRACE_O_TRACESYSGOOD
+may not work on all architectures.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK (since Linux 2.5.46)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
 Stop the child at the next
 .BR fork (2)
-call with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK << 8 and automatically
+call with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_FORK\ <<\ 8\fP and automatically
 start tracing the newly forked process,
-which will start with a SIGSTOP.
+which will start with a
-The PID for the new process can be retrieved with PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG.
+.BR SIGSTOP .
+The PID for the new process can be retrieved with
+.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG .
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK (since Linux 2.5.46)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
 Stop the child at the next
 .BR vfork (2)
-call with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK << 8 and automatically start
+call with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK\ <<\ 8\fP and automatically start
-tracing the newly vforked process, which will start with a SIGSTOP.
+tracing the newly vforked process, which will start with a
-The PID for the new process can be retrieved with PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG.
+.BR SIGSTOP .
+The PID for the new process can be retrieved with
+.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG .
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE (since Linux 2.5.46)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACECLONE " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
 Stop the child at the next
 .BR clone (2)
-call with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE << 8 and automatically start
+call with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE\ <<\ 8\fP and automatically start
-tracing the newly cloned process, which will start with a SIGSTOP.
+tracing the newly cloned process, which will start with a
-The PID for the new process can be retrieved with PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG.
+.BR SIGSTOP .
+The PID for the new process can be retrieved with
+.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG .
 This option may not catch
 .BR clone (2)
 calls in all cases.
 If the child calls
 .BR clone (2)
-with the CLONE_VFORK flag, PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK will be delivered instead
+with the
-if PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK is set; otherwise if the child calls
+.BR CLONE_VFORK
+flag,
+.B PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK
+will be delivered instead
+if
+.B PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORK
+is set; otherwise if the child calls
 .BR clone (2)
-with the exit signal set to SIGCHLD, PTRACE_EVENT_FORK will be delivered
+with the exit signal set to
-if PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK is set.
+.BR SIGCHLD ,
+.B PTRACE_EVENT_FORK
+will be delivered
+if
+.B PTRACE_O_TRACEFORK
+is set.
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC (since Linux 2.5.46)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACEEXEC " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
 Stop the child at the next
 .BR execve (2)
-call with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC << 8.
+call with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXEC\ <<\ 8\fP.
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE (since Linux 2.5.60)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACEVFORKDONE " (since Linux 2.5.60)"
 Stop the child at the completion of the next
 .BR vfork (2)
-call with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE << 8.
+call with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE\ <<\ 8\fP.
 .TP
-PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT (since Linux 2.5.60)
+.BR PTRACE_O_TRACEEXIT " (since Linux 2.5.60)"
-Stop the child at exit with SIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT << 8.
+Stop the child at exit with \fISIGTRAP | PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT\ <<\ 8\fP.
-The child's exit status can be retrieved with PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG.
+The child's exit status can be retrieved with
+.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG .
 This stop will be done early during process exit when registers
 are still available, allowing the tracer to see where the exit occurred,
 whereas the normal exit notification is done after the process
@@ -248,59 +275,82 @@ Even though context is available, the tracer cannot prevent the exit from
 happening at this point.
 .RE
 .TP
-PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG (since Linux 2.5.46)
+.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG " (since Linux 2.5.46)"
 Retrieve a message (as an
 .IR "unsigned long" )
 about the ptrace event
 that just happened, placing it in the location \fIdata\fP in the parent.
-For PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT this is the child's exit status.
+For
-For PTRACE_EVENT_FORK, PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK and PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE this
+.BR PTRACE_EVENT_EXIT
+this is the child's exit status.
+For
+.BR PTRACE_EVENT_FORK ,
+.BR PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK
+and
+.B PTRACE_EVENT_CLONE
+this
 is the PID of the new process.
 Since Linux 2.6.18, the PID of the new process is also available
-for PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE.
+for
+.BR PTRACE_EVENT_VFORK_DONE .
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_CONT
+.B PTRACE_CONT
 Restarts the stopped child process.
 If \fIdata\fP is non-zero and not
-SIGSTOP, it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child;
+.BR SIGSTOP ,
+it is interpreted as a signal to be delivered to the child;
 otherwise, no signal is delivered.
 Thus, for example, the parent can control
 whether a signal sent to the child is delivered or not.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_SYSCALL, PTRACE_SINGLESTEP
+.BR PTRACE_SYSCALL ", " PTRACE_SINGLESTEP
-Restarts the stopped child as for PTRACE_CONT, but arranges for
+Restarts the stopped child as for
+.BR PTRACE_CONT ,
+but arranges for
 the child to be stopped at the next entry to or exit from a system call,
 or after execution of a single instruction, respectively.
 (The child will also, as usual, be stopped upon receipt of a signal.)
 From the parent's perspective, the child will appear to have been
-stopped by receipt of a SIGTRAP.
+stopped by receipt of a
-So, for PTRACE_SYSCALL, for example, the idea is to inspect
+.BR SIGTRAP .
+So, for
+.BR PTRACE_SYSCALL ,
+for example, the idea is to inspect
 the arguments to the system call at the first stop,
-then do another PTRACE_SYSCALL and inspect the return value of
+then do another
+.B PTRACE_SYSCALL
+and inspect the return value of
 the system call at the second stop.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_SYSEMU, PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP (since Linux 2.6.14)
+.BR PTRACE_SYSEMU " , " PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP " (since Linux 2.6.14)"
-For PTRACE_SYSEMU, continue and stop on entry to the next syscall,
+For
+.BR PTRACE_SYSEMU ,
+continue and stop on entry to the next syscall,
 which will not be executed.
-For PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP, do the same
+For
+.BR PTRACE_SYSEMU_SINGLESTEP ,
+do the same
 but also singlestep if not a syscall.
 This call is used by programs like
 User Mode Linux that want to emulate all the child's system calls.
 (\fIaddr\fP and \fIdata\fP are ignored;
 not supported on all architectures.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_KILL
+.B PTRACE_KILL
-Sends the child a SIGKILL to terminate it.
+Sends the child a
+.B SIGKILL
+to terminate it.
 (\fIaddr\fP and \fIdata\fP are ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_ATTACH
+.B PTRACE_ATTACH
 Attaches to the process specified in
 .IR pid ,
 making it a traced "child" of the current process;
-the behavior of the child is as if it had done a PTRACE_TRACEME.
+the behavior of the child is as if it had done a
+.BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
 The current process actually becomes the parent of the child
 process for most purposes (e.g., it will receive
 notification of child events and appears in
@@ -308,27 +358,36 @@ notification of child events and appears in
 output as the child's parent), but a
 .BR getppid (2)
 by the child will still return the PID of the original parent.
-The child is sent a SIGSTOP, but will not necessarily have stopped
+The child is sent a
+.BR SIGSTOP ,
+but will not necessarily have stopped
 by the completion of this call; use
 .BR wait (2)
 to wait for the child to stop.
 (\fIaddr\fP and \fIdata\fP are ignored.)
 .TP
-PTRACE_DETACH
+.B PTRACE_DETACH
-Restarts the stopped child as for PTRACE_CONT, but first detaches
+Restarts the stopped child as for
-from the process, undoing the reparenting effect of PTRACE_ATTACH,
+.BR PTRACE_CONT ,
-and the effects of PTRACE_TRACEME.
+but first detaches
+from the process, undoing the reparenting effect of
+.BR PTRACE_ATTACH ,
+and the effects of
+.BR PTRACE_TRACEME .
 Although perhaps not intended, under Linux a traced child can be
 detached in this way regardless of which method was used to initiate
 tracing.
 (\fIaddr\fP is ignored.)
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
-On success, PTRACE_PEEK* requests return the requested data,
+On success, 
+.BR PTRACE_PEEK*
+requests return the requested data,
 while other requests return zero.
 On error, all requests return \-1, and
 .I errno
 is set appropriately.
-Since the value returned by a successful PTRACE_PEEK*
+Since the value returned by a successful
+.BR PTRACE_PEEK*
 request may be \-1, the caller must check
 .I errno
 after such requests to determine whether or not an error occurred.
@@ -394,20 +453,25 @@ The size of a "word" is determined by the OS variant
 .LP
 Tracing causes a few subtle differences in the semantics of
 traced processes.
-For example, if a process is attached to with PTRACE_ATTACH,
+For example, if a process is attached to with
+.BR PTRACE_ATTACH ,
 its original parent can no longer receive notification via
 .BR wait (2)
 when it stops, and there is no way for the new parent to
 effectively simulate this notification.
 .LP
-When the parent receives an event with PTRACE_EVENT_* set,
+When the parent receives an event with
+.BR PTRACE_EVENT_*
+set,
 the child is not in the normal signal delivery path.
 This means the parent cannot do
 .BR ptrace (PTRACE_CONT)
 with a signal or
 .BR ptrace (PTRACE_KILL).
 .BR kill (2)
-with a SIGKILL signal can be used instead to kill the child process
+with a
+.BR SIGKILL
+signal can be used instead to kill the child process
 after receiving one of these messages.
 .LP
 This page documents the way the
@@ -426,12 +490,17 @@ present in Solaris 2 implements a superset of
 .BR ptrace ()
 functionality in a more powerful and uniform way.
 .SH BUGS
-On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers, PTRACE_SETOPTIONS is declared
+On hosts with 2.6 kernel headers,
+.BR PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
+is declared
 with a different value than the one for 2.4.
 This leads to applications compiled with such
 headers failing when run on 2.4 kernels.
-This can be worked around by redefining PTRACE_SETOPTIONS to
+This can be worked around by redefining
-PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS, if that is defined.
+.BR PTRACE_SETOPTIONS
+to
+.BR PTRACE_OLDSETOPTIONS ,
+if that is defined.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .BR gdb (1),
 .BR strace (1),

man2/read.2

@@ -105,7 +105,9 @@ or the current file offset is not suitably aligned.
 I/O error.
 This will happen for example when the process is in a
 background process group, tries to read from its controlling tty,
-and either it is ignoring or blocking SIGTTIN or its process group
+and either it is ignoring or blocking
+.B SIGTTIN
+or its process group
 is orphaned.
 It may also occur when there is a low-level I/O error
 while reading from a disk or tape.

man2/reboot.2

@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ the action associated with LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART.
 .B LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF
 (RB_DISABLE_CAD, 0).
 CAD is disabled.
-This means that the CAD keystroke will cause a SIGINT signal to be
+This means that the CAD keystroke will cause a
+.B SIGINT
+signal to be
 sent to init (process 1), whereupon this process may decide upon a
 proper action (maybe: kill all processes, sync, reboot).
 .LP

man2/setpgid.2

@@ -111,14 +111,20 @@ calls described in
 are used to get/set the process group of the control terminal.
 
 If a session has a controlling terminal, CLOCAL is not set and a hangup
-occurs, then the session leader is sent a SIGHUP.
+occurs, then the session leader is sent a
+.BR SIGHUP .
 If the session leader
-exits, the SIGHUP signal will be sent to each process in the foreground
+exits, the
+.B SIGHUP
+signal will be sent to each process in the foreground
 process group of the controlling terminal.
 
 If the exit of the process causes a process group to become orphaned,
 and if any member of the newly-orphaned process group is stopped, then a
-SIGHUP signal followed by a SIGCONT signal will be sent to each process
+.B SIGHUP
+signal followed by a
+.B SIGCONT
+signal will be sent to each process
 in the newly-orphaned process group.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 On success,

man2/shmget.2

@@ -124,7 +124,9 @@ flag.
 Do not reserve swap space for this segment.
 When swap space is reserved, one has the guarantee
 that it is possible to modify the segment.
-When swap space is not reserved one might get SIGSEGV upon a write
+When swap space is not reserved one might get
+.B SIGSEGV
+upon a write
 if no physical memory is available.
 See also the discussion of the file
 .I /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory

man2/sigaction.2

@@ -402,7 +402,8 @@ Integer division by zero has undefined result.
 On some architectures it will generate a
 .B SIGFPE
 signal.
-(Also dividing the most negative integer by \-1 may generate SIGFPE.)
+(Also dividing the most negative integer by \-1 may generate
+.BR SIGFPE .)
 Ignoring this signal might lead to an endless loop.
 .PP
 POSIX.1-1990 disallowed setting the action for

man2/signal.2

@@ -150,7 +150,9 @@ is defined, also
 .SS Portability
 The original Unix
 .BR signal ()
-would reset the handler to SIG_DFL, and System V
+would reset the handler to
+.BR SIG_DFL ,
+and System V
 (and the Linux kernel and libc4,5) does the same.
 On the other hand, BSD does not reset the handler, but blocks
 new instances of this signal from occurring during a call of the handler.

man2/sigsuspend.2

@@ -48,7 +48,10 @@ returns after the signal handler returns,
 and the signal mask is restored to the state before the call to
 .BR sigsuspend ().
 
-It is not possible to block SIGKILL or SIGSTOP;
+It is not possible to block
+.B SIGKILL
+or
+.BR SIGSTOP ;
 specifying these signals in
 .IR mask ,
 has no effect on the process's signal mask.

man2/vfork.2

@@ -174,7 +174,11 @@ The BSD man page states:
 "To avoid a possible deadlock situation, processes that are children
 in the middle of a
 .BR vfork ()
-are never sent SIGTTOU or SIGTTIN signals; rather, output or
+are never sent
+.B SIGTTOU
+or
+.B SIGTTIN
+signals; rather, output or
 .IR ioctl s
 are allowed and input attempts result in an end-of-file indication."
 .\"

man2/wait.2

@@ -382,8 +382,10 @@ and
 .I id
 .RB ( waitid ())
 does not exist or is not a child of the calling process.
-(This can happen for one's own child if the action for SIGCHLD
+(This can happen for one's own child if the action for
-is set to SIG_IGN.
+.B SIGCHLD
+is set to
+.BR SIG_IGN .
 See also the \fILinux Notes\fP section about threads.)
 .TP
 .B EINTR

man3/abort.3

@@ -40,13 +40,17 @@ abort \- cause abnormal program termination
 The
 .BR abort ()
 function causes abnormal program termination unless
-the signal SIGABRT is caught and the signal handler does not return.
+the signal
+.B SIGABRT
+is caught and the signal handler does not return.
 If the
 .BR abort ()
 function causes program termination, all open
 streams are closed and flushed.
 .PP
-If the SIGABRT signal is blocked or ignored, the
+If the
+.B SIGABRT
+signal is blocked or ignored, the
 .BR abort ()
 function will still override it.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"

man3/exit.3

@@ -95,7 +95,11 @@ calls either
 or
 .BR longjmp (3).
 .LP
-The use of EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE is slightly more portable
+The use of
+.B EXIT_SUCCESS
+and
+.B EXIT_FAILURE
+is slightly more portable
 (to non-Unix environments) than the use of 0 and some non-zero value
 like 1 or \-1.
 In particular, VMS uses a different convention.
@@ -109,8 +113,12 @@ the exit status must be transmitted to the
 parent process.
 There are three cases.
 If the parent has set
-SA_NOCLDWAIT, or has set the SIGCHLD handler to SIG_IGN, the
+.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT ,
-status is discarded.
+or has set the
+.B SIGCHLD
+handler to
+.BR SIG_IGN ,
+the status is discarded.
 If the parent was waiting on the child
 it is notified of the exit status.
 In both cases the exiting
@@ -124,21 +132,32 @@ it later calls one of the
 .BR wait (2)
 functions.
 .LP
-If the implementation supports the SIGCHLD signal, this signal
+If the implementation supports the
+.BR SIGCHLD
+signal, this signal
 is sent to the parent.
-If the parent has set SA_NOCLDWAIT,
+If the parent has set
-it is undefined whether a SIGCHLD signal is sent.
+.BR SA_NOCLDWAIT ,
+it is undefined whether a
+.B SIGCHLD
+signal is sent.
 .LP
 If the process is a session leader and its controlling terminal
 is the controlling terminal of the session, then each process in
 the foreground process group of this controlling terminal
-is sent a SIGHUP signal, and the terminal is disassociated
+is sent a
+.B SIGHUP
+signal, and the terminal is disassociated
 from this session, allowing it to be acquired by a new controlling
 process.
 .LP
 If the exit of the process causes a process group to become orphaned,
 and if any member of the newly orphaned process group is stopped,
-then a SIGHUP signal followed by a SIGCONT signal will be
+then a
+.B SIGHUP
+signal followed by a
+.B SIGCONT
+signal will be
 sent to each process in this process group.
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .BR _exit (2),

man3/getpass.3

@@ -76,8 +76,12 @@ cannot be opened, the password is read from
 .IR stdin .
 The static buffer has length 128 so that only the first 127
 bytes of the password are returned.
-While reading the password, signal generation (SIGINT, SIGQUIT,
+While reading the password, signal generation
-SIGSTOP, SIGTSTOP) is disabled and the corresponding characters
+.RB (SIGINT ,
+.BR SIGQUIT ,
+.BR SIGSTOP ,
+.BR SIGTSTOP )
+is disabled and the corresponding characters
 (usually control-C, control-\e, control-Z and control-Y)
 are transmitted as part of the password.
 Since libc 5.4.19 also line editing is disabled, so that also

man3/grantpt.3

@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ The mode of the slave is set to 0620 (crw\-\-w\-\-\-\-).
 .PP
 The behavior of
 .BR grantpt ()
-is unspecified if a signal handler is installed to catch SIGCHLD signals.
+is unspecified if a signal handler is installed to catch
+.B SIGCHLD
+signals.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 When successful,
 .BR grantpt ()

man3/gsignal.3

@@ -53,17 +53,24 @@ number
 .I signum
 is raised using the function
 .BR gsignal (),
-and returns the previous such action or SIG_DFL.
+and returns the previous such action or
+.BR SIG_DFL .
 The function
 .BR gsignal ()
-does the following: if no action (or the action SIG_DFL) was
+does the following: if no action (or the action
+.BR SIG_DFL )
+was
 specified for
 .IR signum ,
 then it does nothing and returns 0.
-If the action SIG_IGN was specified for
+If the action
+.BR SIG_IGN
+was specified for
 .IR signum ,
 then it does nothing and returns 1.
-Otherwise, it resets the action to SIG_DFL and calls
+Otherwise, it resets the action to
+.BR SIG_DFL
+and calls
 the action function with parameter
 .IR signum ,
 and returns the value returned by that function.

man3/sockatmark.3

@@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ flag of
 Out-of-band data is only supported on some stream socket protocols.
 
 .BR sockatmark ()
-can safely be called from a handler for the SIGURG signal.
+can safely be called from a handler for the
+.B SIGURG
+signal.
 
 .BR sockatmark ()
 is implemented using the
@@ -78,8 +80,9 @@ Prior to glibc 2.4,
 .BR sockatmark ()
 did not work.
 .SH EXAMPLE
-The following code can be used after receipt of a SIGURG signal
+The following code can be used after receipt of a
-to read (and discard) all data up to the mark,
+.B SIGURG
+signal to read (and discard) all data up to the mark,
 and then read the byte of data at the mark:
 .nf
 

man3/system.3

@@ -87,7 +87,10 @@ etc.) are made available when including
 .PP
 As mentioned,
 .BR system ()
-ignores SIGINT and SIGQUIT.
+ignores
+.B SIGINT
+and
+.BR SIGQUIT .
 This may make programs that call it
 from a loop uninterruptible, unless they take care themselves
 to check the exit status of the child.

man3/tcgetpgrp.3

@@ -52,8 +52,11 @@ the same session as the calling process.
 If
 .BR tcsetpgrp ()
 is called by a member of a background process group in its session,
-and the calling process is not blocking or ignoring SIGTTOU,
+and the calling process is not blocking or ignoring
-a SIGTTOU signal is sent to all members of this background process group.
+.BR SIGTTOU ,
+a
+.B SIGTTOU
+signal is sent to all members of this background process group.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"
 When
 .I fd

man3/termios.3

@@ -362,12 +362,18 @@ the DISCARD character.
 [requires _BSD_SOURCE or _SVID_SOURCE]
 .TP
 .B NOFLSH
-Disable flushing the input and output queues when generating the SIGINT,
+Disable flushing the input and output queues when generating the
-SIGQUIT and SIGSUSP signals.
+.BR SIGINT ,
+.BR SIGQUIT , 
+and
+.B SIGSUSP
+signals.
 .\" Stevens lets SIGSUSP only flush the input queue
 .TP
 .B TOSTOP
-Send the SIGTTOU signal to the process group of a background process
+Send the
+.B SIGTTOU
+signal to the process group of a background process
 which tries to write to its controlling terminal.
 .TP
 .B PENDIN
@@ -389,13 +395,17 @@ The symbolic indices (initial values) and meaning are:
 .B VINTR
 (003, ETX, Ctrl-C, or also 0177, DEL, rubout)
 Interrupt character.
-Send a SIGINT signal.
+Send a
+.B SIGINT
+signal.
 Recognized when ISIG is set, and then not passed as input.
 .TP
 .B VQUIT
 (034, FS, Ctrl-\e)
 Quit character.
-Send SIGQUIT signal.
+Send
+.BR SIGQUIT
+signal.
 Recognized when ISIG is set, and then not passed as input.
 .TP
 .B VERASE
@@ -457,13 +467,17 @@ Recognized when IXON is set, and then not passed as input.
 .B VSUSP
 (032, SUB, Ctrl-Z)
 Suspend character.
-Send SIGTSTP signal.
+Send
+.B SIGTSTP
+signal.
 Recognized when ISIG is set, and then not passed as input.
 .TP
 .B VDSUSP
 (not in POSIX; not supported under Linux; 031, EM, Ctrl-Y)
 Delayed suspend character:
-send SIGTSTP signal when the character is read by the user program.
+send
+.B SIGTSTP
+signal when the character is read by the user program.
 Recognized when IEXTEN and ISIG are set, and the system supports
 job control, and then not passed as input.
 .TP

man3/ualarm.3

@@ -33,19 +33,24 @@ ualarm \- schedule signal after given number of microseconds
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 The
 .BR ualarm ()
-function causes the signal SIGALRM to be sent
+function causes the signal
-to the invoking process after (not less than)
+.B SIGALRM
+to be sent to the invoking process after (not less than)
 .I usecs
 microseconds.
 The delay may be lengthened slightly by any system activity
 or by the time spent processing the call or by the
 granularity of system timers.
 .LP
-Unless caught or ignored, the SIGALRM signal will terminate the process.
+Unless caught or ignored, the
+.B SIGALRM
+signal will terminate the process.
 .LP
 If the
 .I interval
-argument is non-zero, further SIGALRM signals will be sent every
+argument is non-zero, further
+.B SIGALRM
+signals will be sent every
 .I interval
 microseconds after the first.
 .SH "RETURN VALUE"

man3/usleep.3

@@ -91,8 +91,9 @@ Use
 .fi
 .RE
 .LP
-The interaction of this function with the SIGALRM signal, and with
+The interaction of this function with the
-other timer functions such as
+.B SIGALRM
+signal, and with other timer functions such as
 .BR alarm (2),
 .BR sleep (3),
 .BR nanosleep (2),

man4/tty.4

@@ -41,7 +41,11 @@ request \fBTIOCNOTTY\fP is supported.
 Detach the current process from its controlling terminal.
 .sp
 If the process is the session leader,
-then SIGHUP and SIGCONT signals are sent to the foreground process group
+then
+.B SIGHUP
+and
+.B SIGCONT
+signals are sent to the foreground process group
 and all processes in the current session lose their controlling tty.
 .sp
 This

man4/tty_ioctl.4

@@ -101,7 +101,9 @@ struct winsize {
 };
 .fi
 
-When the window size changes, a SIGWINCH signal is sent to the
+When the window size changes, a
+.B SIGWINCH
+signal is sent to the
 foreground process group.
 .SS "Sending a Break"
 .TP
@@ -215,7 +217,11 @@ it as controlling tty lose it.
 If the given tty was the controlling tty of the current process,
 give up this controlling tty.
 If the process was session leader,
-then send SIGHUP and SIGCONT to the foreground process group
+then send
+.B SIGHUP
+and
+.B SIGCONT
+to the foreground process group
 and all processes in the current session lose their controlling tty.
 .SS "Process group and session ID"
 .TP

man5/proc.5

@@ -408,8 +408,9 @@ This value is hard coded to 0 as a placeholder for a removed field.
 .TP
 \fIitrealvalue\fP %ld
 .\" FIXME . does this field disappear in 2.6.17-rc1?
-The time in jiffies before the next SIGALRM is sent to the process
+The time in jiffies before the next
-due to an interval timer.
+.B SIGALRM
+is sent to the process due to an interval timer.
 .TP
 \fIstarttime\fP %lu
 The time in jiffies the process started after system boot.

man7/fifo.7

@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ that uses both ends of the connection in order to communicate
 with itself should be very careful to avoid deadlocks.
 .SH NOTES
 When a process tries to write to a FIFO that is not opened
-for read on the other side, the process is sent a SIGPIPE
+for read on the other side, the process is sent a
+.B SIGPIPE
 signal.
 
 FIFO special files can be created by

man7/pthreads.7

@@ -146,7 +146,11 @@ This thread handles thread creation and termination.
 .IP \- 3
 Signals are used internally by the implementation.
 On Linux 2.2 and later, the first three real-time signals are used.
-On older Linux kernels, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 are used.
+On older Linux kernels,
+.B SIGUSR1
+and
+.B SIGUSR2
+are used.
 Applications must avoid the use of whichever set of signals is
 employed by the implementation.
 .IP \- 3

man7/pty.7

@@ -37,7 +37,8 @@ then be driven by a program that has opened the master end.
 Anything that is written on the master end is provided to the process
 on the slave end as though it was input typed on a terminal.
 For example, writing the interrupt character (usually control-C)
-to the master device would cause an interrupt signal (SIGINT)
+to the master device would cause an interrupt signal
+.RB ( SIGINT )
 to be generated for the foreground process group
 that is connected to the slave.
 Conversely, anything that is written to the slave end of the