mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
global edit s/ -1/ \\-1/g
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ When successful,
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returns a positive integer identifying the descriptor.
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returns a positive integer identifying the descriptor.
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When an error occurs,
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When an error occurs,
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.BR epoll_create (2)
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.BR epoll_create (2)
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returns -1 and
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returns \-1 and
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.I errno
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.I errno
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is set appropriately.
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is set appropriately.
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.SH ERRORS
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.SH ERRORS
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@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ to be negative. (And if it is, the interval described by the lock
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covers bytes
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covers bytes
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.IR l_start + l_len
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.IR l_start + l_len
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up to and including
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up to and including
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.IR l_start -1.)
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.IR l_start \-1.)
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This is supported by Linux since Linux 2.4.21 and 2.5.49.
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This is supported by Linux since Linux 2.4.21 and 2.5.49.
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Several systems have more fields in
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Several systems have more fields in
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@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ A limitation of the Linux system call conventions on some
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architectures (notably x86) means that if a (negative)
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architectures (notably x86) means that if a (negative)
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process group ID to be returned by
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process group ID to be returned by
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.B F_GETOWN
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.B F_GETOWN
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falls in the range -1 to -4095, then the return value is wrongly
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falls in the range \-1 to \-4095, then the return value is wrongly
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interpreted by glibc as an error in the system call;
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interpreted by glibc as an error in the system call;
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.\" glibc source: sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h
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.\" glibc source: sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386/sysdep.h
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that is, the return value of
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that is, the return value of
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@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ larger files (typically up to 2^44 bytes).
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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On success,
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On success,
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.B mmap2
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.B mmap2
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returns a pointer to the mapped area. On error -1 is returned
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returns a pointer to the mapped area. On error \-1 is returned
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and
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and
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.I errno
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.I errno
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is set appropriately.
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is set appropriately.
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@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ You pass it a bus/devfn pair and get a physical address for either the memory of
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.TP
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.TP
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.BR pciconfig_read
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.BR pciconfig_read
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On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and errno is set appropriately.
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On success zero is returned. On error, \-1 is returned and errno is set appropriately.
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.TP
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.TP
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.BR pciconfig_write
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.BR pciconfig_write
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On success zero is returned. On error, -1 is returned and errno is set appropriately.
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On success zero is returned. On error, \-1 is returned and errno is set appropriately.
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.TP
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.TP
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.BR pciconfig_iobase
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.BR pciconfig_iobase
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Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory according to the
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Returns information on locations of various I/O regions in physical memory according to the
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@ -620,7 +620,7 @@ local network.
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.TP
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.TP
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\fB7.\fP
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\fB7.\fP
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The functions \fBread()\fP, \fBrecv()\fP, \fBwrite()\fP, and
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The functions \fBread()\fP, \fBrecv()\fP, \fBwrite()\fP, and
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\fBsend()\fP as well as the \fBselect()\fP call can return -1 with an
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\fBsend()\fP as well as the \fBselect()\fP call can return \-1 with an
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errno of \fBEINTR\fP or \fBEAGAIN\fP (\fBEWOULDBLOCK\fP) which are not
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errno of \fBEINTR\fP or \fBEAGAIN\fP (\fBEWOULDBLOCK\fP) which are not
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errors. These results must be properly managed (not done properly
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errors. These results must be properly managed (not done properly
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above). If your program is not going to receive any signals then
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above). If your program is not going to receive any signals then
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@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ If successful
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and
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and
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.BR semtimedop ()
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.BR semtimedop ()
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return 0;
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return 0;
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otherwise they return -1
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otherwise they return \-1
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with
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with
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.I errno
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.I errno
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indicating the error.
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indicating the error.
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@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Symbolic constants for system calls can be found in the header file
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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.Sh RETURN VALUES
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The return value is defined by the system call being invoked.
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The return value is defined by the system call being invoked.
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In general, a 0 return value indicates success.
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In general, a 0 return value indicates success.
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A -1 return value indicates an error,
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A \-1 return value indicates an error,
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and an error code is stored in
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and an error code is stored in
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.Va errno .
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.Va errno .
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.Sh BUGS
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.Sh BUGS
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@ -69,4 +69,4 @@ The
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.Fn syscall
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.Fn syscall
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function call appeared in
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function call appeared in
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.Bx 4.0 .
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.Bx 4.0 .
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.\" dummy comment without newline
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.\" dummy comment without newline
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@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ The HP version of struct ustat has an additional field
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.I f_blksize
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.I f_blksize
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that is unknown elsewhere. HP warns:
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that is unknown elsewhere. HP warns:
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For some file systems, the number of free inodes does not change.
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For some file systems, the number of free inodes does not change.
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Such file systems will return -1 in the field
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Such file systems will return \-1 in the field
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.IR f_tinode .
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.IR f_tinode .
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.\" Some software tries to use this in order to test whether the
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.\" Some software tries to use this in order to test whether the
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.\" underlying filesystem is NFS.
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.\" underlying filesystem is NFS.
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ elsewhere on some systems that use GNU Libc.
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.B getpt()
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.B getpt()
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returns an open file descriptor upon successful completion. Otherwise, it
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returns an open file descriptor upon successful completion. Otherwise, it
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returns -1 and sets
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returns \-1 and sets
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.I errno
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.I errno
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to indicate the error.
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to indicate the error.
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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.SH CONFORMING TO
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@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ struct spwd {
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Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an
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Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an
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error occurs during processing.
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error occurs during processing.
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Routines which have \fBint\fR as the return value return 0 for
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Routines which have \fBint\fR as the return value return 0 for
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success and -1 for failure.
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success and \-1 for failure.
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.LP
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.LP
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For the non-reentrant functions, the return value may point to static area,
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For the non-reentrant functions, the return value may point to static area,
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and may be overwritten by subsequent calls to these functions.
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and may be overwritten by subsequent calls to these functions.
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@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ If a call to
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.BR login_tty() ,
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.BR login_tty() ,
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or
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or
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.B forkpty()
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.B forkpty()
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is not successful, -1 is returned and
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is not successful, \-1 is returned and
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.I errno
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.I errno
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is set to indicate the error. Otherwise,
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is set to indicate the error. Otherwise,
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.BR openpty() ,
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.BR openpty() ,
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@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ On success,
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.BR ptsname ()
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.BR ptsname ()
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returns a non-negative file descriptor which is the lowest
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returns a non-negative file descriptor which is the lowest
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numbered unused descriptor.
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numbered unused descriptor.
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On failure, -1 is returned, and
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On failure, \-1 is returned, and
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.I errno
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.I errno
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is set to indicate the error.
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is set to indicate the error.
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.SH ERRORS
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.SH ERRORS
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@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ This function is specified in POSIX 1003.1-2001.
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.BR ptsname_r ()
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.BR ptsname_r ()
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is a Linux extension.
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is a Linux extension.
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A version of this function is documented on Tru64 and HP-UX, but
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A version of this function is documented on Tru64 and HP-UX, but
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on those implementations, -1 is returned on error, with
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on those implementations, \-1 is returned on error, with
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.I errno
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.I errno
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set to indicate the error.
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set to indicate the error.
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Avoid using this function in portable programs.
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Avoid using this function in portable programs.
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@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ elements.
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These are filled in by
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These are filled in by
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.BR regexec
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.BR regexec
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with substring match addresses. Any unused structure elements
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with substring match addresses. Any unused structure elements
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will contain the value -1.
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will contain the value \-1.
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The
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The
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.B regmatch_t
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.B regmatch_t
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@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ is defined in
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Each
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Each
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.I rm_so
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.I rm_so
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element that is not -1 indicates the start offset of the next largest
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element that is not \-1 indicates the start offset of the next largest
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substring match within the string. The relative
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substring match within the string. The relative
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.I rm_eo
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.I rm_eo
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element indicates the end offset of the match.
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element indicates the end offset of the match.
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Otherwise, the tcp/time socket (port 37) is used.
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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On success, 0 is returned, and the obtained 32-bit time value is stored in
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On success, 0 is returned, and the obtained 32-bit time value is stored in
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.IR timep->tv_sec .
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.IR timep->tv_sec .
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In case of error -1 is returned, and
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In case of error \-1 is returned, and
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.I errno
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.I errno
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is set appropriately.
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is set appropriately.
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.SH ERRORS
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.SH ERRORS
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@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ increment the integer. Afterwards, check if it has in fact changed from 0 to 1,
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there were no waiters and the operation is done. This is the non-contended case which is fast and
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there were no waiters and the operation is done. This is the non-contended case which is fast and
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should be common.
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should be common.
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.PP
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.PP
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In the contended case, the atomic increment changed the counter from -1 (or some other negative number). If this is detected,
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In the contended case, the atomic increment changed the counter from \-1 (or some other negative number). If this is detected,
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there are waiters. Userspace should now set the counter to 1 and instruct the kernel to wake up any
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there are waiters. Userspace should now set the counter to 1 and instruct the kernel to wake up any
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waiters using the FUTEX_WAKE operation.
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waiters using the FUTEX_WAKE operation.
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.PP
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.PP
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Waiting on a futex, to 'down' it, is the reverse operation. Atomically decrement the counter and
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Waiting on a futex, to 'down' it, is the reverse operation. Atomically decrement the counter and
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check if it changed to 0, in which case the operation is done and the futex was uncontended. In all
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check if it changed to 0, in which case the operation is done and the futex was uncontended. In all
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other circumstances, the process should set the counter to -1 and request that the kernel wait for
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other circumstances, the process should set the counter to \-1 and request that the kernel wait for
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another process to up the futex. This is done using the FUTEX_WAIT operation.
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another process to up the futex. This is done using the FUTEX_WAIT operation.
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.PP
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.PP
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The futex system call can optionally be passed a timeout specifying how long the kernel should
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The futex system call can optionally be passed a timeout specifying how long the kernel should
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@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ The standard nice value, plus fifteen. The value is never negative in
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the kernel.
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the kernel.
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.TP
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.TP
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\fInice\fP %ld
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\fInice\fP %ld
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The nice value ranges from 19 (nicest) to -19 (not nice to others).
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The nice value ranges from 19 (nicest) to \-19 (not nice to others).
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.TP
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.TP
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.\" .TP
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.\" .TP
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.\" \fIcounter\fP %ld
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.\" \fIcounter\fP %ld
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@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ pcd.driveN=prt,pro,uni,mod,slv,dly
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pcd.nice=nice
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pcd.nice=nice
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.LP
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.LP
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where `port' is the base address, `pro' is the protocol number, `uni'
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where `port' is the base address, `pro' is the protocol number, `uni'
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is the unit selector (for chained devices), `mod' is the mode (or -1
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is the unit selector (for chained devices), `mod' is the mode (or \-1
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to choose the best automatically), `slv' is 1 if it should be a slave,
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to choose the best automatically), `slv' is 1 if it should be a slave,
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and `dly' is a small integer for slowing down port accesses. The
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and `dly' is a small integer for slowing down port accesses. The
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`nice' parameter controls the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the
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`nice' parameter controls the driver's use of idle CPU time, at the
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If an input or output function blocks for this period of time, and
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If an input or output function blocks for this period of time, and
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data has been sent or received, the return value of that function
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data has been sent or received, the return value of that function
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will be the amount of data transferred; if no data has been transferred
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will be the amount of data transferred; if no data has been transferred
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and the timeout has been reached then -1 is returned with
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and the timeout has been reached then \-1 is returned with
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.I errno
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.I errno
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set to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK
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set to EAGAIN or EWOULDBLOCK
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.\" in fact to EAGAIN
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.\" in fact to EAGAIN
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