mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
charsets.7: List CJK encodings in the order of C, J, K
Zero changes to the content, Unicode is now listed as the last one. Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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Marko Myllynen
Michael Kerrisk
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commit
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man7/charsets.7
155
man7/charsets.7
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@ -150,6 +150,24 @@ unlike the ISO-8859 series.
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Console support for KOI8-R is available under Linux through user-mode
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utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table,
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and employ the "user mapping" font table in the console driver.
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.SS GB 2312
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GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used
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to express simplified Chinese.
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Just like JIS X 0208, characters are
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mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN.
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EUC-CN
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is the most important encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and
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GB 2312.
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Note that EUC-CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB.
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.SS Big5
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Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional
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Chinese.
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(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)
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It is a superset of ASCII.
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Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes.
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Bytes 0xa1-0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.
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Big5 and its extension were widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
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It is not ISO 2022 compliant.
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.\" Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
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.\" national standards.
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.SS JIS X 0208
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@ -178,24 +196,65 @@ to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and ISO-2022-KR.
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EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes
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ASCII and KS X 1001.
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KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001.
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.SS GB 2312
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GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used
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to express simplified Chinese.
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Just like JIS X 0208, characters are
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mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix used to construct EUC-CN.
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EUC-CN
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is the most important encoding for Linux and includes ASCII and
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GB 2312.
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Note that EUC-CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB.
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.SS Big5
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Big5 was a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional
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Chinese.
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(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)
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It is a superset of ASCII.
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Non-ASCII characters are expressed in two bytes.
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Bytes 0xa1-0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.
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Big5 and its extension were widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
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It is not ISO 2022 compliant.
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.SS ISO 2022 and ISO 4873
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The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model
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based on VT100 practice.
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This model is (partially) supported
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by the Linux kernel and by
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.BR xterm (1).
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It used to be popular in Japan and Korea.
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.LP
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There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3,
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and one of them is the current character set for codes with
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high bit zero (initially G0), and one of them is the current
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character set for codes with high bit one (initially G1).
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Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and is
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essentially a 7-bit character set.
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It uses codes either
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040-0177 (041-0176) or 0240-0377 (0241-0376).
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G0 always has size 94 and uses codes 041-0176.
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.LP
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Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions
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\fB^N\fP (SO or LS1), \fB^O\fP (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3),
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ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).
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The function LS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
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for codes with high bit zero.
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The function LS\fIn\fPR makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
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for codes with high bit one.
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The function SS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP (\fIn\fP=2 or 3)
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the current one for the next character only (regardless of the value
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of its high order bit).
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.LP
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A 94-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1),
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ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx (for G3), where xx is a symbol
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or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 International
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Register of Coded Character Sets.
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For example, ESC ( @ selects the ISO 646 character set as G0,
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ESC ( A selects the UK standard character set (with pound
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instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII (with dollar
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instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set
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for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character
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set, and so on.
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.LP
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A 96-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC \- xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2)
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or ESC / xx (for G3).
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For example, ESC \- G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1.
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.LP
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A multibyte character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0),
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ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx (for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3).
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For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean character set for G0.
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The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a more
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recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B.
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.LP
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ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0
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is fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2 and G3
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can be invoked only for codes with the high order bit set.
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In particular, \fB^N\fP and \fB^O\fP are not used anymore, ESC ( xx
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can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC + xx
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are equivalent to ESC \- xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively.
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.SS TIS-620
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TIS-620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset
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of ASCII.
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@ -267,66 +326,6 @@ This means that in the Linux console in UTF-8 mode, one can use a character
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set with 512 different symbols.
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This is not enough for Japanese, Chinese, and
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Korean, but it is enough for most other purposes.
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.LP
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.SS ISO 2022 and ISO 4873
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The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model
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based on VT100 practice.
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This model is (partially) supported
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by the Linux kernel and by
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.BR xterm (1).
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It used to be popular in Japan and Korea.
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.LP
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There are 4 graphic character sets, called G0, G1, G2, and G3,
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and one of them is the current character set for codes with
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high bit zero (initially G0), and one of them is the current
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character set for codes with high bit one (initially G1).
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Each graphic character set has 94 or 96 characters, and is
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essentially a 7-bit character set.
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It uses codes either
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040-0177 (041-0176) or 0240-0377 (0241-0376).
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G0 always has size 94 and uses codes 041-0176.
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.LP
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Switching between character sets is done using the shift functions
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\fB^N\fP (SO or LS1), \fB^O\fP (SI or LS0), ESC n (LS2), ESC o (LS3),
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ESC N (SS2), ESC O (SS3), ESC ~ (LS1R), ESC } (LS2R), ESC | (LS3R).
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The function LS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
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for codes with high bit zero.
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The function LS\fIn\fPR makes character set G\fIn\fP the current one
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for codes with high bit one.
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The function SS\fIn\fP makes character set G\fIn\fP (\fIn\fP=2 or 3)
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the current one for the next character only (regardless of the value
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of its high order bit).
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.LP
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A 94-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC ( xx (for G0), ESC ) xx (for G1),
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ESC * xx (for G2), ESC + xx (for G3), where xx is a symbol
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or a pair of symbols found in the ISO 2375 International
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Register of Coded Character Sets.
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For example, ESC ( @ selects the ISO 646 character set as G0,
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ESC ( A selects the UK standard character set (with pound
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instead of number sign), ESC ( B selects ASCII (with dollar
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instead of currency sign), ESC ( M selects a character set
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for African languages, ESC ( ! A selects the Cuban character
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set, and so on.
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.LP
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A 96-character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC \- xx (for G1), ESC . xx (for G2)
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or ESC / xx (for G3).
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For example, ESC \- G selects the Hebrew alphabet as G1.
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.LP
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A multibyte character set is designated as G\fIn\fP character set
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by an escape sequence ESC $ xx or ESC $ ( xx (for G0),
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ESC $ ) xx (for G1), ESC $ * xx (for G2), ESC $ + xx (for G3).
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For example, ESC $ ( C selects the Korean character set for G0.
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The Japanese character set selected by ESC $ B has a more
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recent version selected by ESC & @ ESC $ B.
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.LP
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ISO 4873 stipulates a narrower use of character sets, where G0
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is fixed (always ASCII), so that G1, G2 and G3
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can be invoked only for codes with the high order bit set.
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In particular, \fB^N\fP and \fB^O\fP are not used anymore, ESC ( xx
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can be used only with xx=B, and ESC ) xx, ESC * xx, ESC + xx
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are equivalent to ESC \- xx, ESC . xx, ESC / xx, respectively.
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.SH SEE ALSO
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.BR iconv (1),
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.BR console (4),
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