From 5503c85ea44080b58bc23a5ee3913b917ebd52d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Michael Kerrisk Date: Mon, 3 Oct 2011 08:47:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] intro.1, fork.2, futex.2, open.2, rename.2, select_tut.2, semop.2, spu_create.2, stat.2, netlink.3, random.3, scanf.3, shm_open.3, strftime.3, console.4, console_codes.4, sk98lin.4, st.4, bootparam.7, cpuset.7, credentials.7, man-pages.7, path_resolution.7, uri.7: Global fix: remove spaces around em-dash Normal English typographical convention is not to have spaces around em dashes. Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk --- man1/intro.1 | 4 ++-- man2/fork.2 | 2 +- man2/futex.2 | 2 +- man2/open.2 | 8 ++++---- man2/rename.2 | 4 ++-- man2/select_tut.2 | 2 +- man2/semop.2 | 2 +- man2/spu_create.2 | 2 +- man2/stat.2 | 2 +- man3/netlink.3 | 2 +- man3/random.3 | 2 +- man3/scanf.3 | 2 +- man3/shm_open.3 | 4 ++-- man3/strftime.3 | 2 +- man4/console.4 | 2 +- man4/console_codes.4 | 4 ++-- man4/sk98lin.4 | 4 ++-- man4/st.4 | 2 +- man7/bootparam.7 | 6 +++--- man7/cpuset.7 | 4 ++-- man7/credentials.7 | 2 +- man7/man-pages.7 | 2 +- man7/path_resolution.7 | 10 +++++----- man7/uri.7 | 6 +++--- 24 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-) diff --git a/man1/intro.1 b/man1/intro.1 index dd27fc372..3b6f05480 100644 --- a/man1/intro.1 +++ b/man1/intro.1 @@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ maja 0501\-1136285 and here typing Control-D ended the session. The .B "% " -here was the command prompt \(em it is the shell's way of indicating +here was the command prompt\(emit is the shell's way of indicating that it is ready for the next command. The prompt can be customized in lots of ways, and one might include stuff like username, @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ We see that there are commands .LP The command .I ls -lists the contents of the current directory \(em it tells you what +lists the contents of the current directory\(emit tells you what files you have. With a .I \-l diff --git a/man2/fork.2 b/man2/fork.2 index 0e5a7d2ae..49aeab664 100644 --- a/man2/fork.2 +++ b/man2/fork.2 @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The termination signal of the child is always .PP Note the following further points: .IP * 3 -The child process is created with a single thread \(em the +The child process is created with a single thread\(emthe one that called .BR fork (). The entire virtual address space of the parent is replicated in the child, diff --git a/man2/futex.2 b/man2/futex.2 index 52ace2b7a..1fdb71fa7 100644 --- a/man2/futex.2 +++ b/man2/futex.2 @@ -242,7 +242,7 @@ A 4-argument system call with the semantics described in this page was introduced in Linux 2.5.40. In Linux 2.5.70 one argument was added. -In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added \(em messy, especially +In Linux 2.6.7 a sixth argument was added\(emmessy, especially on the s390 architecture. .SH "CONFORMING TO" This system call is Linux-specific. diff --git a/man2/open.2 b/man2/open.2 index f1c323880..69324ddca 100644 --- a/man2/open.2 +++ b/man2/open.2 @@ -403,9 +403,9 @@ One example is NFS, where the server maintains the access time. .B O_NOCTTY If .I pathname -refers to a terminal device \(em see -.BR tty (4) -\(em it will not become the process's controlling terminal even if the +refers to a terminal device\(emsee +.BR tty (4)\(em +it will not become the process's controlling terminal even if the process does not have one. .TP .B O_NOFOLLOW @@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ as a performance option which is disabled by default. .RS "The thing that has always disturbed me about O_DIRECT is that the whole interface is just stupid, and was probably designed by a deranged monkey -on some serious mind-controlling substances." \(em Linus +on some serious mind-controlling substances."\(emLinus .RE .SH BUGS Currently, it is not possible to enable signal-driven diff --git a/man2/rename.2 b/man2/rename.2 index c88ca697f..917050deb 100644 --- a/man2/rename.2 +++ b/man2/rename.2 @@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ this an error. (Note that there is no requirement to return .B EBUSY in such -cases \(em there is nothing wrong with doing the rename anyway \(em -but it is allowed to return +cases\(emthere is nothing wrong with doing the rename anyway\(embut +it is allowed to return .B EBUSY if the system cannot otherwise handle such situations.) diff --git a/man2/select_tut.2 b/man2/select_tut.2 index bee96eaa7..17c74ac9b 100644 --- a/man2/select_tut.2 +++ b/man2/select_tut.2 @@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ inefficient timeouts. The program does not handle more than one simultaneous connection at a time, although it could easily be extended to do this with a linked list -of buffers \(em one for each connection. +of buffers\(emone for each connection. At the moment, new connections cause the current connection to be dropped. .SH SEE ALSO diff --git a/man2/semop.2 b/man2/semop.2 index 298cac44e..245465c4c 100644 --- a/man2/semop.2 +++ b/man2/semop.2 @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ Furthermore, if is specified for this operation, the system updates the process undo count .RI ( semadj ) for this semaphore. -This operation can always proceed \(em it never forces a process to wait. +This operation can always proceed\(emit never forces a process to wait. The calling process must have alter permission on the semaphore set. .PP If diff --git a/man2/spu_create.2 b/man2/spu_create.2 index f8e4a1cfd..c35a87ea5 100644 --- a/man2/spu_create.2 +++ b/man2/spu_create.2 @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ argument to Create an SPU gang instead of a context. (A gang is a group of SPU contexts that are functionally related to each other and which share common scheduling -parameters \(em priority and policy. +parameters\(empriority and policy. In the future, gang scheduling may be implemented causing the group to be switched in and out as a single unit.) diff --git a/man2/stat.2 b/man2/stat.2 index 50d687dd9..572eaa1b7 100644 --- a/man2/stat.2 +++ b/man2/stat.2 @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ _XOPEN_SOURCE\ &&\ _XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED .SH DESCRIPTION .PP These functions return information about a file. -No permissions are required on the file itself, but \(em in the case of +No permissions are required on the file itself, but\(emin the case of .BR stat () and .BR lstat () diff --git a/man3/netlink.3 b/man3/netlink.3 index 31abe6cee..2725ae256 100644 --- a/man3/netlink.3 +++ b/man3/netlink.3 @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ The caller must check if the current .I nlmsghdr didn't have the .B NLMSG_DONE -set \(em this function doesn't return NULL on end. +set\(emthis function doesn't return NULL on end. The .I len argument is an lvalue containing the remaining length diff --git a/man3/random.3 b/man3/random.3 index 299414b77..5a35e048b 100644 --- a/man3/random.3 +++ b/man3/random.3 @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ The size of the state array \fIn\fP is used by .BR initstate () to decide how sophisticated a -random number generator it should use \(em the larger the state array, +random number generator it should use\(emthe larger the state array, the better the random numbers will be. \fIseed\fP is the seed for the initialization, which specifies a starting point for the random number diff --git a/man3/scanf.3 b/man3/scanf.3 index 5166056d7..59e9b5887 100644 --- a/man3/scanf.3 +++ b/man3/scanf.3 @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ this specification, and the result is placed in the corresponding .I pointer argument. If the next item of input does not match the conversion specification, -the conversion fails \(em this is a +the conversion fails\(emthis is a .IR "matching failure" . .PP Each diff --git a/man3/shm_open.3 b/man3/shm_open.3 index 726d779eb..f7f5f0fbd 100644 --- a/man3/shm_open.3 +++ b/man3/shm_open.3 @@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ is listed in (Symbolic definitions of these constants can be obtained by including .IR .) .sp -A new shared memory object initially has zero length \(em the size of the +A new shared memory object initially has zero length\(emthe size of the object can be set using .BR ftruncate (2). The newly allocated bytes of a shared memory @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ and .B O_TRUNC unspecified. On Linux, this will successfully truncate an existing -shared memory object \(em this may not be so on other UNIX systems. +shared memory object\(emthis may not be so on other UNIX systems. .LP The POSIX shared memory object implementation on Linux 2.4 makes use of a dedicated file system, which is normally diff --git a/man3/strftime.3 b/man3/strftime.3 index 221568694..45fa87366 100644 --- a/man3/strftime.3 +++ b/man3/strftime.3 @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ The day of the month as a decimal number (range 01 to 31). .B %D Equivalent to .BR %m/%d/%y . -(Yecch \(em for Americans only. +(Yecch\(emfor Americans only. Americans should note that in other countries .B %d/%m/%y is rather common. diff --git a/man4/console.4 b/man4/console.4 index 6b58630db..30040cd58 100644 --- a/man4/console.4 +++ b/man4/console.4 @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ on the console; (b) ask .BR openvt (1) to start a process on the console; -(c) start X \(em it will find the first unused console, +(c) start X\(emit will find the first unused console, and display its output there. (There is also the ancient .BR doshell (8).) diff --git a/man4/console_codes.4 b/man4/console_codes.4 index d939dc3e3..39b1e01b3 100644 --- a/man4/console_codes.4 +++ b/man4/console_codes.4 @@ -342,14 +342,14 @@ DECARM (default on): Set keyboard autorepeat on. .TP ESC [ ? 9 h X10 Mouse Reporting (default off): Set reporting mode to 1 (or reset to -0) \(em see below. +0)\(emsee below. .TP ESC [ ? 25 h DECTECM (default on): Make cursor visible. .TP ESC [ ? 1000 h X11 Mouse Reporting (default off): Set reporting mode to 2 (or reset -to 0) \(em see below. +to 0)\(emsee below. .\" .PP .B Linux Console Private CSI Sequences diff --git a/man4/sk98lin.4 b/man4/sk98lin.4 index 58d9ab47d..dcf27aee0 100644 --- a/man4/sk98lin.4 +++ b/man4/sk98lin.4 @@ -469,13 +469,13 @@ depending on the load of the system. If the driver detects that the system load is too high, the driver tries to shield the system against too much network load by enabling interrupt moderation. -If \(em at a later time \(em the CPU utilization decreases +If\(emat a later time\(emthe CPU utilization decreases again (or if the network load is negligible) the interrupt moderation will automatically be disabled. Interrupt moderation should be used when the driver has to handle one or more interfaces with a high network load, -which \(em as a consequence \(em leads also to a high CPU utilization. +which\(emas a consequence\(emleads also to a high CPU utilization. When moderation is applied in such high network load situations, CPU load might be reduced by 20-30% on slow computers. diff --git a/man4/st.4 b/man4/st.4 index a166d81c9..78585c79d 100644 --- a/man4/st.4 +++ b/man4/st.4 @@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ is enabled for the drive (see below). .TP .B MTNOP -No op \(em flushes the driver's buffer as a side effect. +No op\(emflushes the driver's buffer as a side effect. Should be used before reading status with .BR MTIOCGET . .TP diff --git a/man7/bootparam.7 b/man7/bootparam.7 index 4b37269c5..9357377e8 100644 --- a/man7/bootparam.7 +++ b/man7/bootparam.7 @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ the device type ('hd' for ST-506 compatible hard disk, with Y in \&'ad' for Atari ACSI disk, with Y in 'a'-'e', \&'ez' for a Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive, with Y='a', \&'xd' for XT compatible disk, with Y either 'a' or 'b'; 'fd' for -floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number \(em fd0 would be +floppy disk, with Y the floppy drive number\(emfd0 would be the DOS 'A:' drive, and fd1 would be 'B:'), Y the driver letter or number, and N the number (in decimal) of the partition on this device (absent in the case of floppies). @@ -367,8 +367,8 @@ For kernel tuners only. .SS "Boot Arguments for Ramdisk Use" (Only if the kernel was compiled with .BR CONFIG_BLK_DEV_RAM .) -In general it is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux \(em -the system will use available memory more efficiently itself. +In general it is a bad idea to use a ramdisk under Linux\(emthe +system will use available memory more efficiently itself. But while booting (or while constructing boot floppies) it is often useful to load the floppy contents into a ramdisk. diff --git a/man7/cpuset.7 b/man7/cpuset.7 index 1430dd774..52943fbea 100644 --- a/man7/cpuset.7 +++ b/man7/cpuset.7 @@ -548,8 +548,8 @@ single read, instead of having to read and accumulate results for a period of time. .IP * Because this meter is per-cpuset rather than per-process, -the batch scheduler can obtain the key information \(em memory -pressure in a cpuset \(em with a single read, rather than having to +the batch scheduler can obtain the key information\(emmemory +pressure in a cpuset\(emwith a single read, rather than having to query and accumulate results over all the (dynamically changing) set of processes in the cpuset. .PP diff --git a/man7/credentials.7 b/man7/credentials.7 index a08c85ce0..f2c588bfa 100644 --- a/man7/credentials.7 +++ b/man7/credentials.7 @@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ the effective and saved set IDs may be changed, as described in Aside from the purposes noted above, a process's user IDs are also employed in a number of other contexts: .IP * 3 -when determining the permissions for sending signals \(em see +when determining the permissions for sending signals\(emsee .BR kill (2); .IP * when determining the permissions for setting diff --git a/man7/man-pages.7 b/man7/man-pages.7 index 261e5568c..d544e875e 100644 --- a/man7/man-pages.7 +++ b/man7/man-pages.7 @@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ The section number in which the man page should be placed (e.g., .IR 7 ). .TP .I date -The date of the last revision \(em remember to change this every time a +The date of the last revision\(emremember to change this every time a change is made to the man page, since this is the most general way of doing version control. Dates should be written in the form YYYY-MM-DD. diff --git a/man7/path_resolution.7 b/man7/path_resolution.7 index 5d3dc361e..ea7ac727f 100644 --- a/man7/path_resolution.7 +++ b/man7/path_resolution.7 @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ by use of the .BR chroot (2) system call. A process may get an entirely private mount namespace in case -it \(em or one of its ancestors \(em was started by an invocation of the +it\(emor one of its ancestors\(emwas started by an invocation of the .BR clone (2) system call that had the .B CLONE_NEWNS @@ -109,11 +109,11 @@ exceeded ("Too many levels of symbolic links"). The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like that of all other components, as described in the previous step, with two differences: (i) the final component need not be a -directory (at least as far as the path resolution process is concerned \(em -it may have to be a directory, or a nondirectory, because of +directory (at least as far as the path resolution process is +concerned\(emit may have to be a directory, or a nondirectory, because of the requirements of the specific system call), and (ii) it -is not necessarily an error if the component is not found \(em -maybe we are just creating it. +is not necessarily an error if the component is not found\(emmaybe +we are just creating it. The details on the treatment of the final entry are described in the manual pages of the specific system calls. diff --git a/man7/uri.7 b/man7/uri.7 index 1034d1c0f..83fba820d 100644 --- a/man7/uri.7 +++ b/man7/uri.7 @@ -526,9 +526,9 @@ For URIs which must handle characters outside the US ASCII character set, the HTML 4.01 specification (section B.2) and IETF RFC\ 2718 (section 2.2.5) recommend the following approach: .IP 1. 4 -translate the character sequences into UTF-8 (IETF RFC\ 2279) \(em see -.BR utf-8 (7) -\(em and then +translate the character sequences into UTF-8 (IETF RFC\ 2279)\(emsee +.BR utf-8 (7)\(emand +then .IP 2. use the URI escaping mechanism, that is, use the %HH encoding for unsafe octets.