userfaultfd.2: Add write-protect mode

Write-protect mode is supported starting from Linux 5.7.

Acked-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Colomar <alx.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>

man2/userfaultfd.2

@@ -78,6 +78,32 @@ all memory ranges that were registered with the object are unregistered
 and unread events are flushed.
 .\"
 .PP
+Userfaultfd supports two modes of registration:
+.TP
+.BR UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING " (since 4.10)"
+When registered with
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING
+mode, the userspace will receive a page fault message
+when a missing page is accessed.
+The faulted thread will be stopped from execution until the page fault is
+resolved from the userspace by either an
+.B UFFDIO_COPY
+or an
+.B UFFDIO_ZEROPAGE
+ioctl.
+.TP
+.BR UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP " (since 5.7)"
+When registered with
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP
+mode, the userspace will receive a page fault message
+when a write-protected page is written.
+The faulted thread will be stopped from execution
+until the userspace write-unprotect the page using an
+.B UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT
+ioctl.
+.PP
+Multiple modes can be enabled at the same time for the same memory range.
+.PP
 Since Linux 4.14, userfaultfd page fault message can selectively embed
 faulting thread ID information into the fault message.
 One needs to enable this feature explicitly using the
@@ -107,7 +133,7 @@ the process that monitors userfaultfd and handles page faults
 needs to be aware of the changes in the virtual memory layout
 of the faulting process to avoid memory corruption.
 .PP
-Starting from Linux 4.11,
+Since Linux 4.11,
 userfaultfd can also notify the fault-handling threads about changes
 in the virtual memory layout of the faulting process.
 In addition, if the faulting process invokes
@@ -144,6 +170,17 @@ single threaded non-cooperative userfaultfd manager implementations.
 .\" and limitations remaining in 4.11
 .\" Maybe it's worth adding a dedicated sub-section...
 .\"
+.PP
+Since Linux 5.7, userfaultfd is able to do
+synchronous page dirty tracking using the new write-protect register mode.
+One should check against the feature bit
+.B UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP
+before using this feature.
+Similar to the original userfaultfd missing mode, the write-protect mode will
+generate an userfaultfd message when the protected page is written.
+The user needs to resolve the page fault by unprotecting the faulted page and
+kick the faulted thread to continue.
+For more information, please refer to "Userfaultfd write-protect mode" section.
 .SS Userfaultfd operation
 After the userfaultfd object is created with
 .BR userfaultfd (),
@@ -179,7 +216,7 @@ or
 .BR ioctl (2)
 operations to resolve the page fault.
 .PP
-Starting from Linux 4.14, if the application sets the
+Since Linux 4.14, if the application sets the
 .B UFFD_FEATURE_SIGBUS
 feature bit using the
 .B UFFDIO_API
@@ -219,6 +256,65 @@ userfaultfd can be used only with anonymous private memory mappings.
 Since Linux 4.11,
 userfaultfd can be also used with hugetlbfs and shared memory mappings.
 .\"
+.SS Userfaultfd write-protect mode (since 5.7)
+Since Linux 5.7, userfaultfd supports write-protect mode.
+The user needs to first check availability of this feature using
+.B UFFDIO_API
+ioctl against the feature bit
+.B UFFD_FEATURE_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP
+before using this feature.
+.PP
+To register with userfaultfd write-protect mode, the user needs to initiate the
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER
+ioctl with mode
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP
+set.
+Note that it's legal to monitor the same memory range with multiple modes.
+For example, the user can do
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER
+with the mode set to
+.BR "UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_MISSING | UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP" .
+When there is only
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP
+registered, the userspace will
+.I not
+receive any message when a missing page is written.
+Instead, the userspace will only receive a write-protect page fault message
+when an existing but write-protected page got written.
+.PP
+After the
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER
+ioctl completed with
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP
+mode set,
+the user can write-protect any existing memory within the range using the ioctl
+.B UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT
+where
+.I uffdio_writeprotect.mode
+should be set to
+.BR UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP .
+.PP
+When a write-protect event happens,
+the userspace will receive a page fault message whose
+.I uffd_msg.pagefault.flags
+will be with
+.B UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP
+flag set.
+Note: since only writes can trigger such kind of fault,
+write-protect messages will always be with
+.B UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WRITE
+bit set too along with bit
+.BR UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP .
+.PP
+To resolve a write-protection page fault, the user should initiate another
+.B UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT
+ioctl, whose
+.I uffd_msg.pagefault.flags
+should have the flag
+.B UFFDIO_WRITEPROTECT_MODE_WP
+cleared upon the faulted page or range.
+.PP
+Write-protect mode only supports private anonymous memory.
 .SS Reading from the userfaultfd structure
 Each
 .BR read (2)
@@ -364,8 +460,12 @@ flag (see
 .BR ioctl_userfaultfd (2))
 and this flag is set, this a write fault;
 otherwise it is a read fault.
-.\"
-.\" UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP is not yet supported.
+.TP
+.B UFFD_PAGEFAULT_FLAG_WP
+If the address is in a range that was registered with the
+.B UFFDIO_REGISTER_MODE_WP
+flag, when this bit is set it means it's a write-protect fault.
+Otherwise it's a page missing fault.
 .RE
 .TP
 .I pagefault.feat.pid