mirror of https://github.com/mkerrisk/man-pages
Rewrote various parts.
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.\" Copyright (c) 1983, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
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.\" and Copyright (C) 2007, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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.\" All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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@ -37,8 +38,9 @@
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.\" Modified Tue Oct 22 08:11:14 EDT 1996 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
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.\" Modified 1998 by Andi Kleen
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.\" Modified 11 May 2001 by Sam Varshavchik <mrsam@courier-mta.com>
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.\"
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.\"
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.TH LISTEN 2 1993-07-23 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.TH LISTEN 2 2007-12-28 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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listen \- listen for connections on a socket
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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@ -50,30 +52,31 @@ listen \- listen for connections on a socket
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.BI "int listen(int " sockfd ", int " backlog );
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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To accept connections, a socket is first created with
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.BR socket (2),
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a willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue limit for incoming
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connections are specified with
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.BR listen (),
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and then the connections are
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accepted with
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.BR accept (2).
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The
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.BR listen ()
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call applies only to sockets of type
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marks the socket referred to by
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.I sockfd
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as a passive socket, that is, as a socket that will
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be used to accept incoming connection requests using
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.BR accept (2).
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The
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.I sockfd
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argument is a file descriptor that refers to a socket of type
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.B SOCK_STREAM
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or
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.BR SOCK_SEQPACKET .
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.PP
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The
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.I backlog
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parameter defines the maximum length the queue of pending connections may
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grow to.
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If a connection request arrives with the queue full the client
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argument defines the maximum length
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to which the queue of pending connections for
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.I sockd
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may grow.
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If a connection request arrives when the queue is full, the client
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may receive an error with an indication of
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.B ECONNREFUSED
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or, if the underlying protocol supports retransmission, the request may be
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ignored so that retries succeed.
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ignored so that a later reattempt at connection succeeds.
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.SH "RETURN VALUE"
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On success, zero is returned.
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On error, \-1 is returned, and
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.BR listen ()
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function call first appeared in 4.2BSD.
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.SH NOTES
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To accept connections, the following steps are performed:
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.RS 4
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.IP 1. 4
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A socket is created with
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.BR socket (2).
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.IP 2.
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The socket is bound to a local address using
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.BR bind (2),
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so that other sockets may be
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.BR connect (2)ed
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to it.
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.IP 3.
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A willingness to accept incoming connections and a queue limit for incoming
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connections are specified with
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.BR listen ().
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.IP 4.
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Connections are accepted with
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.BR accept (2).
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.RE
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.PP
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POSIX.1-2001 does not require the inclusion of
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.IR <sys/types.h> ,
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and this header file is not required on Linux.
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