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Reformatted headings
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@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ which can be found on the Internet:
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Note that Marvell/SysKonnect does not offer any support for these
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Note that Marvell/SysKonnect does not offer any support for these
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open source modules and does not take the responsibility for any
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open source modules and does not take the responsibility for any
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kind of failures or problems arising when using these modules.
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kind of failures or problems arising when using these modules.
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.SH PARAMETERS
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.SS Parameters
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.TP
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.TP
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.BI Speed_A= i,j,...
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.BI Speed_A= i,j,...
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This parameter is used to set the speed capabilities of port A of an
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This parameter is used to set the speed capabilities of port A of an
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ as a proper subset.
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.\" .I /usr/lib/nls/charmap/POSIX
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.\" .I /usr/lib/nls/charmap/POSIX
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.\" .I /usr/share/i18n/charmap/POSIX
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.\" .I /usr/share/i18n/charmap/POSIX
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.\" for reference purposes.
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.\" for reference purposes.
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.SH SYNTAX
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.SS Syntax
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The charmap file starts with a header, that may consist of the
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The charmap file starts with a header, that may consist of the
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following keywords:
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following keywords:
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.TP
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.TP
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@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ multibyte-characters, which are currently not implemented.
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.PP
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.PP
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The last line in a charmap-definition file must contain
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The last line in a charmap-definition file must contain
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.B END CHARMAP.
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.B END CHARMAP.
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.SH "SYMBOLIC NAMES"
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.SS "Symbolic Names"
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A
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A
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.B symbolic name
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.B symbolic name
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for a character contains only characters of the
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for a character contains only characters of the
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@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ are interpreted as itself; for example, the sequence
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represents the symbolic name
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represents the symbolic name
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.B '\\\\>'
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.B '\\\\>'
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enclosed in angle brackets.
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enclosed in angle brackets.
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.SH "CHARACTER ENCODING"
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.SS "Character Encoding"
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The
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The
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encoding may be in each of the following three forms:
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encoding may be in each of the following three forms:
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.TP
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.TP
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@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ block access for certain users.
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Washington University FTP server Daemon
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Washington University FTP server Daemon
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(wuftpd) and Professional FTP Daemon (proftpd) are known to make use of
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(wuftpd) and Professional FTP Daemon (proftpd) are known to make use of
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.BR ftpusers .
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.BR ftpusers .
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.SH FORMAT
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.SS Format
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The format of
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The format of
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.B ftpusers
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.B ftpusers
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is very simple.
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is very simple.
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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ A complete list of charsets used in a officially supported locale in glibc
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KOI8-{R,U}, GB2312, GB18030, GBK, BIG5, BIG5-HKSCS and TIS-620 (in no
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KOI8-{R,U}, GB2312, GB18030, GBK, BIG5, BIG5-HKSCS and TIS-620 (in no
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particular order.)
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particular order.)
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(Romanian may be switching to ISO-8859-16.)
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(Romanian may be switching to ISO-8859-16.)
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.SH ASCII
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.SS ASCII
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ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original
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ASCII (American Standard Code For Information Interchange) is the original
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7-bit character set, originally designed for American English.
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7-bit character set, originally designed for American English.
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It is currently described by the ECMA-6 standard.
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It is currently described by the ECMA-6 standard.
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@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ relative of ASCII that permitted replacing these characters.)
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.LP
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.LP
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As Linux was written for hardware designed in the US, it natively
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As Linux was written for hardware designed in the US, it natively
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supports ASCII.
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supports ASCII.
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.SH ISO 8859
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.SS ISO 8859
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ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets all of which have US
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ISO 8859 is a series of 15 8-bit character sets all of which have US
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ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in
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ASCII in their low (7-bit) half, invisible control characters in
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positions 128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160-255.
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positions 128 to 159, and 96 fixed-width graphics in positions 160-255.
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@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ Latin-1.
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8859-16 (Latin-10)
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8859-16 (Latin-10)
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This set covers many of the languages covered by 8859-2, and supports
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This set covers many of the languages covered by 8859-2, and supports
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Romanian more completely then that set does.
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Romanian more completely then that set does.
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.SH KOI8-R
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.SS KOI8-R
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KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia.
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KOI8-R is a non-ISO character set popular in Russia.
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The lower half
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The lower half
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is US ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better
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is US ASCII; the upper is a Cyrillic character set somewhat better
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@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ utilities that modify keyboard bindings and the EGA graphics table,
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and employ the "user mapping" font table in the console driver.
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and employ the "user mapping" font table in the console driver.
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.\" Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
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.\" Thanks to Tomohiro KUBOTA for the following sections about
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.\" national standards.
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.\" national standards.
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.SH JIS X 0208
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.SS JIS X 0208
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JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set.
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JIS X 0208 is a Japanese national standard character set.
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Though there are some more Japanese national standard character sets (like
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Though there are some more Japanese national standard character sets (like
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JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one.
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JIS X 0201, JIS X 0212, and JIS X 0213), this is the most important one.
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@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ and includes US ASCII and JIS X 0208.
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In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208
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In EUC-JP, JIS X 0208
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characters are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the
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characters are expressed in two bytes, each of which is the
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JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80.
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JIS X 0208 code plus 0x80.
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.SH KS X 1001
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.SS KS X 1001
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KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set.
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KS X 1001 is a Korean national standard character set.
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Just as
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Just as
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JIS X 0208, characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix.
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JIS X 0208, characters are mapped into a 94x94 two-byte matrix.
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@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ to construct encodings such as EUC-KR, Johab, and ISO-2022-KR.
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EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes
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EUC-KR is the most important encoding for Linux and includes
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US ASCII and KS X 1001.
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US ASCII and KS X 1001.
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KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001.
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KS C 5601 is an older name for KS X 1001.
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.SH GB 2312
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.SS GB 2312
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GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used
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GB 2312 is a mainland Chinese national standard character set used
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to express simplified Chinese.
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to express simplified Chinese.
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Just like JIS X 0208, characters are
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Just like JIS X 0208, characters are
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@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ EUC-CN
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is the most important encoding for Linux and includes US ASCII and
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is the most important encoding for Linux and includes US ASCII and
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GB 2312.
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GB 2312.
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Note that EUC-CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB.
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Note that EUC-CN is often called as GB, GB 2312, or CN-GB.
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.SH Big5
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.SS Big5
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Big5 is a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional
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Big5 is a popular character set in Taiwan to express traditional
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Chinese.
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Chinese.
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(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)
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(Big5 is both a character set and an encoding.)
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Bytes 0xa1-0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.
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Bytes 0xa1-0xfe are used as leading bytes for two-byte characters.
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Big5 and its extension is widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
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Big5 and its extension is widely used in Taiwan and Hong Kong.
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It is not ISO 2022-compliant.
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It is not ISO 2022-compliant.
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.SH TIS 620
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.SS TIS 620
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TIS 620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset
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TIS 620 is a Thai national standard character set and a superset
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of US ASCII.
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of US ASCII.
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Like ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into
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Like ISO 8859 series, Thai characters are mapped into
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0xa1-0xfe.
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0xa1-0xfe.
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TIS 620 is the only commonly used character set under
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TIS 620 is the only commonly used character set under
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Linux besides UTF-8 to have combining characters.
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Linux besides UTF-8 to have combining characters.
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.SH UNICODE
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.SS UNICODE
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Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent every
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Unicode (ISO 10646) is a standard which aims to unambiguously represent every
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character in every human language.
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character in every human language.
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Unicode's structure permits 20.1 bits to encode every character.
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Unicode's structure permits 20.1 bits to encode every character.
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characters.
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characters.
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So Thai, Sioux and any other script needing combining
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So Thai, Sioux and any other script needing combining
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characters can't be handled on the console.
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characters can't be handled on the console.
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.SH "ISO 2022 AND ISO 4873"
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.SS "ISO 2022 and ISO 4873"
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The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model
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The ISO 2022 and 4873 standards describe a font-control model
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based on VT100 practice.
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based on VT100 practice.
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This model is (partially) supported
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This model is (partially) supported
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18
man7/glob.7
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man7/glob.7
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that will perform this function for a user program.
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that will perform this function for a user program.
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The rules are as follows (POSIX.2, 3.13).
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The rules are as follows (POSIX.2, 3.13).
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.SH "WILDCARD MATCHING"
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.SS "Wildcard Matching"
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A string is a wildcard pattern if it contains one of the
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A string is a wildcard pattern if it contains one of the
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characters `?', `*' or `['.
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characters `?', `*' or `['.
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Globbing is the operation
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Globbing is the operation
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A `*' (not between brackets) matches any string,
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A `*' (not between brackets) matches any string,
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including the empty string.
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including the empty string.
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.SS "Character classes"
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.PP
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.B "Character classes"
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.sp
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An expression `[...]' where the first character after the
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An expression `[...]' where the first character after the
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leading `[' is not an `!' matches a single character,
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leading `[' is not an `!' matches a single character,
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namely any of the characters enclosed by the brackets.
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namely any of the characters enclosed by the brackets.
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therefore `]' can be allowed between the brackets, provided
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therefore `]' can be allowed between the brackets, provided
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that it is the first character.
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that it is the first character.
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(Thus, `[][!]' matches the three characters `[', `]' and `!'.)
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(Thus, `[][!]' matches the three characters `[', `]' and `!'.)
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.SS Ranges
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.PP
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.B Ranges
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.sp
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There is one special convention:
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There is one special convention:
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two characters separated by `\-' denote a range.
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two characters separated by `\-' denote a range.
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(Thus, `[A\-Fa\-f0\-9]' is equivalent to `[ABCDEFabcdef0123456789]'.)
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(Thus, `[A\-Fa\-f0\-9]' is equivalent to `[ABCDEFabcdef0123456789]'.)
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(Thus, `[]\-]' matches just the two characters `]' and `\-',
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(Thus, `[]\-]' matches just the two characters `]' and `\-',
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and `[\-\-0]' matches the three characters `\-', `.', `0', since `/'
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and `[\-\-0]' matches the three characters `\-', `.', `0', since `/'
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cannot be matched.)
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cannot be matched.)
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.SS Complementation
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.PP
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.B Complementation
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.sp
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An expression `[!...]' matches a single character, namely
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An expression `[!...]' matches a single character, namely
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any character that is not matched by the expression obtained
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any character that is not matched by the expression obtained
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by removing the first `!' from it.
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by removing the first `!' from it.
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a shell command line, enclosing them in quotes.
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a shell command line, enclosing them in quotes.
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Between brackets these characters stand for themselves.
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Between brackets these characters stand for themselves.
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Thus, `[[?*\e]' matches the four characters `[', `?', `*' and `\e'.
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Thus, `[[?*\e]' matches the four characters `[', `?', `*' and `\e'.
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.SH PATHNAMES
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.SS Pathnames
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Globbing is applied on each of the components of a pathname
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Globbing is applied on each of the components of a pathname
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separately.
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separately.
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A `/' in a pathname cannot be matched by a `?' or `*'
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A `/' in a pathname cannot be matched by a `?' or `*'
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If a filename starts with a `.', this character must be matched explicitly.
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If a filename starts with a `.', this character must be matched explicitly.
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(Thus, `rm *' will not remove .profile, and `tar c *' will not
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(Thus, `rm *' will not remove .profile, and `tar c *' will not
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archive all your files; `tar c .' is better.)
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archive all your files; `tar c .' is better.)
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.SH "EMPTY LISTS"
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.SS "Empty Lists"
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The nice and simple rule given above: `expand a wildcard pattern
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The nice and simple rule given above: `expand a wildcard pattern
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into the list of matching pathnames' was the original Unix
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into the list of matching pathnames' was the original Unix
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definition.
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definition.
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@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ an implementation to support priorities in the range 0 to 31;
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some implementations only provide this range.
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some implementations only provide this range.
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.PP
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.PP
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The remainder of this section describes some specific details
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The remainder of this section describes some specific details
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of the Linux implementation of message queues.
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of the Linux implementation of POSIX message queues.
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.SS Library interfaces and system calls
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.SS Library interfaces and system calls
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In most cases the
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In most cases the
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.B mq_*()
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.B mq_*()
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