This commit is contained in:
Michael Kerrisk 2007-06-22 18:25:23 +00:00
parent c8fe3fa2ee
commit 1274071a69
62 changed files with 218 additions and 72 deletions

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@ -142,7 +142,9 @@ is set to indicate the error.
.\" and
.\" .I addr
.\" is NULL.
.\" (And there are other EINVAL cases.)
.\" (And there are other
.\" .B EINVAL
.\" cases.)
.SH CONFORMING TO
This system call is Linux specific.
.SH NOTES

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@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ the parameters
.I to
and
.I tolen
are ignored (and the error EISCONN may be returned when they are
are ignored (and the error
.B EISCONN
may be returned when they are
not NULL and 0), and the error ENOTCONN is returned when the socket was
not actually connected.
Otherwise, the address of the target is given by
@ -381,7 +383,9 @@ but glibc currently (2.4) types it as
.\" __kernel_size_t type used to type this field varies
.\" across architectures, but socklen_t is always 32 bits.
.SH BUGS
Linux may return EPIPE instead of ENOTCONN.
Linux may return
.B EPIPE
instead of ENOTCONN.
.SH EXAMPLE
An example of the use of
.BR sendto ()

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@ -94,7 +94,9 @@ Applications may wish to fall back to
.BR read (2)/ write (2)
in the case where
.BR sendfile ()
fails with EINVAL or ENOSYS.
fails with
.B EINVAL
or ENOSYS.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
If the transfer was successful, the number of bytes written to
.I out_fd

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@ -77,7 +77,9 @@ to be portable.
It is present since Linux 1.1.44 and in libc since libc 4.7.6.
.SH NOTES
When glibc determines that the argument is not a valid group ID,
it will return \-1 and set \fIerrno\fP to EINVAL without attempting
it will return \-1 and set \fIerrno\fP to
.B EINVAL
without attempting
the system call.
.LP
Note that at the time this system call was introduced, a process

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@ -77,7 +77,9 @@ to be portable.
It is present since Linux 1.1.44 and in libc since libc 4.7.6.
.SH NOTES
When glibc determines that the argument is not a valid user ID,
it will return \-1 and set \fIerrno\fP to EINVAL without attempting
it will return \-1 and set \fIerrno\fP to
.B EINVAL
without attempting
the system call.
.LP
Note that at the time this system call was introduced, a process

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@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ is set appropriately.
If XATTR_CREATE is specified, and the attribute exists already,
.I errno
is set to EEXIST.
If XATTR_REPLACE is specified, and the attribute does not exist,
If
.B XATTR_REPLACE
is specified, and the attribute does not exist,
.I errno
is set to ENOATTR.
.PP

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@ -311,7 +311,11 @@ and possibly on a single system when NFS mounts are involved.)
POSIX does not describe the S_IFMT, S_IFSOCK, S_IFLNK, S_IFREG, S_IFBLK,
S_IFDIR, S_IFCHR, S_IFIFO, S_ISVTX bits, but instead demands the use of
the macros S_ISDIR(), etc.
The S_ISLNK and S_ISSOCK macros are not in
The
.B S_ISLNK
and
.B S_ISSOCK
macros are not in
POSIX.1-1996, but both are present in POSIX.1-2001;
the former is from SVID 4, the latter from SUSv2.
.LP

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@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ POSIX.1-2001 marks
legacy, which is strange since it provides more functionality than
.BR utime ().
.SH BUGS
Linux is not careful to distinguish between the EACCES and EPERM error returns.
Linux is not careful to distinguish between the
.B EACCES
and EPERM error returns.
On the other hand, POSIX.1-2001 is buggy in its error description for
.BR utimes ().
.SH "SEE ALSO"

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@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ Which operations are cancellable is implementation-defined.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
This function returns AIO_CANCELED if all requests were successfully
canceled.
It returns AIO_NOTCANCELED when at least one of the
It returns
.B AIO_NOTCANCELED
when at least one of the
requests specified was not canceled because it was in progress.
In this case one may check the status of individual requests using
.BR aio_error (3).

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@ -35,9 +35,13 @@ function returns the error status for the asynchronous I/O request
with control block pointed to by
.IR aiocbp .
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
This function returns EINPROGRESS if the request has not been
This function returns
.B EINPROGRESS
if the request has not been
completed yet.
It returns ECANCELED if the request was canceled.
It returns
.B ECANCELED
if the request was canceled.
It returns 0 if the request completed successfully.
Otherwise an error value is returned, the same value that would have
been stored in the

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@ -40,11 +40,15 @@ respectively.
The return status n can be retrieved upon completion using
.BR aio_return (3).
.LP
If O_APPEND is not set, the data is written starting at the
If
.B O_APPEND
is not set, the data is written starting at the
absolute file offset
.IR aiocbp->aio_offset ,
regardless of the current file position.
If O_APPEND is set, the data is written at the end of the file.
If
.B O_APPEND
is set, the data is written at the end of the file.
After this request, the value of the current file position is unspecified.
.LP
The "asynchronous" means that this call returns as soon as the

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@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR btowc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function should never be used.

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@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ The descriptor remains valid until
or
.BR execve (2).
If a file descriptor is used to implement catalog descriptors
then the FD_CLOEXEC flag will be set.
then the
.B FD_CLOEXEC
flag will be set.
.LP
The argument
.I name

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@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR fgetwc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
In the absence of additional information passed to the

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@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR fgetws ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
In the absence of additional information passed to the

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@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR fputwc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
In the absence of additional information passed to the

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@ -43,7 +43,9 @@ C99, POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR fputws ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
In the absence of additional information passed to the

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@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR getwchar ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
It is reasonable to expect that

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@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswalnum ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isalnum (3),

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@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswalpha ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isalpha (3),

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@ -53,7 +53,9 @@ POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswblank ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isblank (3),

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@ -47,7 +47,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswcntrl ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iscntrl (3),

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@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswctype ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iswalnum (3),

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@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswdigit ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isdigit (3),

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@ -58,7 +58,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswgraph ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isgraph (3),

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@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswlower ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not very appropriate for dealing with Unicode characters,

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@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswprint ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isprint (3),

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@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswpunct ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function's name is a misnomer when dealing with Unicode characters,

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@ -51,7 +51,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswspace ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR isspace (3),

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@ -62,7 +62,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswupper ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not very appropriate for dealing with Unicode characters,

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@ -56,7 +56,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR iswxdigit ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iswctype (3),

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@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mblen ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function

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@ -67,7 +67,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbrlen ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR mbrtowc (3)

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@ -100,7 +100,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbrtowc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR mbsrtowcs (3)

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@ -72,7 +72,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbsinit ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR mbsrtowcs (3),

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@ -85,7 +85,9 @@ This function is a GNU extension.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbsnrtowcs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
Passing NULL as \fIps\fP is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -74,7 +74,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbsrtowcs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
Passing NULL as \fIps\fP is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -67,7 +67,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbstowcs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function

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@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ C99
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR mbtowc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR putwchar ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
It is reasonable to expect that

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@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR towctrans ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR towlower (3),

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@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR towlower ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not very appropriate for dealing with Unicode characters,

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@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR towupper ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not very appropriate for dealing with Unicode characters,

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@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR ungetwc ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR fgetwc (3)

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@ -70,7 +70,9 @@ The POSIX version returns
.IR int ,
and this is also the prototype used since glibc 2.2.2.
Only the EINVAL error return is documented by SUSv2.
Only the
.B EINVAL
error return is documented by SUSv2.
.SH NOTES
The type
.B useconds_t

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@ -73,7 +73,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcrtomb ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
Passing NULL as \fIps\fP is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ This function is a GNU extension.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcscasecmp ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR strcasecmp (3),

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@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ This function is a GNU extension.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcsncasecmp ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR strncasecmp (3),

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@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ This function is a GNU extension.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcsnrtombs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
Passing NULL as \fIps\fP is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -88,7 +88,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcsrtombs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
Passing NULL as \fIps\fP is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -67,7 +67,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcstombs ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
The function

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@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ POSIX.1-2001.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcswidth ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iswprint (3),

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@ -44,7 +44,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wctob ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function should never be used.

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@ -66,7 +66,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wctomb ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
This function is not multi-thread safe.

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@ -36,7 +36,9 @@ The
.BR wctrans ()
function returns a mapping, given by its name.
The set of
valid names depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale, but the
valid names depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale, but the
following names are valid in all locales.
.nf
"tolower" \- realizes the \fBtolower\fP(3) mapping
@ -53,7 +55,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wctrans ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR towctrans (3)

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@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ The
.BR wctype ()
function returns a property, given by its name.
The set of
valid names depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale, but the
valid names depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale, but the
following names are valid in all locales.
.nf
"alnum" \- realizes the \fBisalnum\fP(3) classification function
@ -64,7 +66,9 @@ C99.
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wctype ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iswctype (3)

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@ -45,7 +45,9 @@ Note that glibc before 2.2.5 used the prototype
.SH NOTES
The behavior of
.BR wcwidth ()
depends on the LC_CTYPE category of the
depends on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR iswprint (3),

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@ -173,12 +173,18 @@ C99.
The behavior of
.BR wprintf ()
et al. depends
on the LC_CTYPE category of the
on the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the
current locale.
.PP
If the \fIformat\fP string contains non-ASCII wide characters, the program
will only work correctly if the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale at
run time is the same as the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale at
will only work correctly if the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale at
run time is the same as the
.B LC_CTYPE
category of the current locale at
compile time.
This is because the
.I wchar_t

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@ -62,14 +62,18 @@ In the contended case, the atomic increment changed the counter
from \-1 (or some other negative number).
If this is detected, there are waiters.
Userspace should now set the counter to 1 and instruct the
kernel to wake up any waiters using the FUTEX_WAKE operation.
kernel to wake up any waiters using the
.B FUTEX_WAKE
operation.
.PP
Waiting on a futex, to 'down' it, is the reverse operation.
Atomically decrement the counter and check if it changed to 0,
in which case the operation is done and the futex was uncontended.
In all other circumstances, the process should set the counter to \-1
and request that the kernel wait for another process to up the futex.
This is done using the FUTEX_WAIT operation.
This is done using the
.B FUTEX_WAIT
operation.
.PP
The
.BR futex (2)

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@ -173,7 +173,9 @@ by the LC_COLLATE category in the current locale.
so that one can say `[[:lower:]]' instead of `[a\-z]', and have
things work in Denmark, too, where there are three letters past `z'
in the alphabet.
These character classes are defined by the LC_CTYPE category
These character classes are defined by the
.B LC_CTYPE
category
in the current locale.
(v) Collating symbols, like `[.ch.]' or `[.a-acute.]',

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@ -176,7 +176,9 @@ Packet sockets can be used to configure physical layer multicasting
and promiscuous mode.
It works by calling
.BR setsockopt (2)
on a packet socket for SOL_PACKET and one of the options
on a packet socket for
.B SOL_PACKET
and one of the options
.B PACKET_ADD_MEMBERSHIP
to add a binding or
.B PACKET_DROP_MEMBERSHIP

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@ -61,13 +61,17 @@ in the current lookup directory.
If the process does not have search permission on
the current lookup directory,
an EACCES error is returned ("Permission denied").
an
.B EACCES
error is returned ("Permission denied").
If the component is not found, an ENOENT error is returned
("No such file or directory").
If the component is found, but is neither a directory nor a symbolic link,
an ENOTDIR error is returned ("Not a directory").
an
.B ENOTDIR
error is returned ("Not a directory").
If the component is found and is a directory, we set the
current lookup directory to that directory, and go to the
@ -77,7 +81,9 @@ If the component is found and is a symbolic link (symlink), we first
resolve this symbolic link (with the current lookup directory
as starting lookup directory).
Upon error, that error is returned.
If the result is not a directory, an ENOTDIR error is returned.
If the result is not a directory, an
.B ENOTDIR
error is returned.
If the resolution of the symlink is successful and returns a directory,
we set the current lookup directory to that directory, and go to
the next component.