2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (C) 2014 Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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.\" and Copyright (C) 2012 Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
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.\" and Copyright (C) 2008 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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.\"
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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.\"
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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.\"
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.TH SECCOMP 2 2014-06-23 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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.SH NAME
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seccomp \- operate on Secure Computing state of the process
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.nf
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.B #include <linux/seccomp.h>
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.B #include <linux/filter.h>
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.B #include <linux/audit.h>
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.B #include <linux/signal.h>
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.B #include <sys/ptrace.h>
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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.BI "int seccomp(unsigned int " operation ", unsigned int " flags \
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", void *" args );
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.fi
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.BR seccomp ()
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system call operates on the Secure Computing (seccomp) state of the
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calling process.
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2014-11-02 15:33:41 +00:00
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.\" FIXME: This page various uses the terms "process', "thread" and "task".
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.\" Probably only one of these (not "task"!) should be used in all
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.\" cases. I suspect it should be "thread".
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Currently, Linux supports the following
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.IR operation
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values:
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_STRICT
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The only system calls that the thread is permitted to make are
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.BR read (2),
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.BR write (2),
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.BR _exit (2),
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and
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.BR sigreturn (2).
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Other system calls result in the delivery of a
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.BR SIGKILL
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signal. Strict secure computing mode is useful for number-crunching
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applications that may need to execute untrusted byte code, perhaps
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obtained by reading from a pipe or socket.
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This operation is available only if the kernel is configured with
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.BR CONFIG_SECCOMP
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enabled.
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The value of
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.IR flags
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must be 0, and
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.IR args
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must be NULL.
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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This operation is functionally identical to the call:
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prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT);
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER
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The system calls allowed are defined by a pointer to a Berkeley Packet
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Filter (BPF) passed via
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.IR args .
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This argument is a pointer to
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.IR "struct\ sock_fprog" ;
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it can be designed to filter arbitrary system calls and system call
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arguments.
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If the filter is invalid, the call will fail, returning
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.BR EACCESS
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in
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.IR errno .
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2014-11-02 12:45:02 +00:00
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.\" FIXME I (mtk) reworded the following paragraph substantially.
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.\" Please check it.
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If
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.BR fork (2)
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or
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.BR clone (2)
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is allowed by the filter, any child processes will be constrained to
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the same filters and system calls as the parent.
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If
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.BR execve (2)
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is allowed by the filter,
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the filters and constraints on permitted system calls are preserved across an
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.BR execve (2).
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2014-11-02 12:45:02 +00:00
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.\" FIXME I (mtk) reworded the following paragraph substantially.
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.\" Please check it.
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2014-11-02 08:40:24 +00:00
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In order to use the
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER
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operation, either the caller must have the
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.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
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capability or the call must be preceded by the call:
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prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1);
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Otherwise, the
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER
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operation will fail and return
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.BR EACCES
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in
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.IR errno .
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This requirement ensures that filter programs cannot be applied to child
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2014-11-02 15:36:00 +00:00
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.\" FIXME What does "installed" in the following line mean?
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processes with greater privileges than the process that installed them.
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2014-11-02 08:43:23 +00:00
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If
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.BR prctl (2)
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or
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.BR seccomp (2)
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is allowed by the attached filter, further filters may be added.
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This will increase evaluation time, but allows for further reduction of
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the attack surface during execution of a process.
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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The
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER
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operation is available only if the kernel is configured with
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.BR CONFIG_SECCOMP_FILTER
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enabled.
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When
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.IR flags
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is 0, this operation is functionally identical to the call:
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prctl(PR_SET_SECCOMP, SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER, args);
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The recognized
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.IR flags
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are:
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.RS
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_TSYNC
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When adding a new filter, synchronize all other threads of the current
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process to the same seccomp filter tree.
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2014-11-02 08:49:47 +00:00
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.\" FIXME Nowhere in this page is the term "filter tree" defined.
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2014-11-02 15:37:58 +00:00
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.\" There should be a defintion somewhere.
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2014-11-02 08:49:47 +00:00
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.\" Is it: "the set of filters attached to a thread"?
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If any thread cannot do this,
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the call will not attach the new seccomp filter,
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and will fail, returning the first thread ID found that cannot synchronize.
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Synchronization will fail if another thread is in
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.BR SECCOMP_MODE_STRICT
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or if it has attached new seccomp filters to itself,
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diverging from the calling thread's filter tree.
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.RE
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.SH FILTERS
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When adding filters via
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER ,
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.IR args
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points to a filter program:
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.in +4n
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.nf
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struct sock_fprog {
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unsigned short len; /* Number of BPF instructions */
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struct sock_filter *filter;
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};
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.fi
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.in
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Each program must contain one or more BPF instructions:
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.in +4n
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.nf
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struct sock_filter { /* Filter block */
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__u16 code; /* Actual filter code */
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__u8 jt; /* Jump true */
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__u8 jf; /* Jump false */
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__u32 k; /* Generic multiuse field */
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};
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.fi
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.in
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When executing the instructions, the BPF program executes over the
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syscall information made available via:
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.in +4n
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.nf
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struct seccomp_data {
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int nr; /* system call number */
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__u32 arch; /* AUDIT_ARCH_* value */
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__u64 instruction_pointer; /* CPU instruction pointer */
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__u64 args[6]; /* up to 6 system call arguments */
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};
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.fi
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.in
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2014-11-02 13:50:39 +00:00
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A seccomp filter returns one of the values listed below.
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If multiple filters exist,
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the return value for the evaluation of a given system
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call will always use the highest precedent value.
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(For example,
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_KILL
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will always take precedence.)
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2014-11-02 13:56:10 +00:00
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In decreasing order order of precedence,
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the values that may be returned by a seccomp filter are:
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_KILL
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Results in the task exiting immediately without executing the system call.
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The task terminates as though killed by a
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.B SIGSYS
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signal
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.RI ( not
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.BR SIGKILL ).
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_TRAP
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Results in the kernel sending a
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.BR SIGSYS
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signal to the triggering task without executing the system call.
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.IR siginfo\->si_call_addr
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will show the address of the system call instruction, and
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.IR siginfo\->si_syscall
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and
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.IR siginfo\->si_arch
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will indicate which syscall was attempted.
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The program counter will be as though the system call happened
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(i.e., it will not point to the syscall instruction).
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The return value register will contain an architecture\-dependent value;
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if resuming execution, set it to something sensible.
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(The architecture dependency is because replacing it with
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.BR ENOSYS
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could overwrite some useful information.)
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The
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_DATA
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portion of the return value will be passed as
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.IR si_errno .
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.BR SIGSYS
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triggered by seccomp will have a the value
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.BR SYS_SECCOMP
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in the
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.IR si_code
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field.
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO
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Results in the lower 16-bits of the return value being passed
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to userland as the
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.IR errno
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without executing the system call.
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_TRACE
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When returned, this value will cause the kernel to attempt to
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notify a ptrace()-based tracer prior to executing the system call.
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2014-11-02 14:04:25 +00:00
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.\" FIXME I (mtk) reworded the following sentence substantially.
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.\" Please check it.
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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If there is no tracer present,
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2014-11-02 14:04:25 +00:00
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the system call is not executed and returns a failure status with
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.I errno
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set to
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.BR ENOSYS .
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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A tracer will be notified if it requests
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.BR PTRACE_O_TRACESECCOMP
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using
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.IR ptrace(PTRACE_SETOPTIONS) .
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The tracer will be notified of a
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.BR PTRACE_EVENT_SECCOMP
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and the
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_DATA
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portion of the BPF program return value will be available to the tracer
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via
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.BR PTRACE_GETEVENTMSG .
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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The tracer can skip the system call by changing the system call number
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to \-1.
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Alternatively, the tracer can change the system call
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requested by changing the system call to a valid syscall number.
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If the tracer asks to skip the system call, then the system call will
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appear to return the value that the tracer puts in the return value register.
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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The seccomp check will not be run again after the tracer is notified.
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(This means that seccomp-based sandboxes
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.B "must not"
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allow use of ptrace\(emeven of other
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sandboxed processes\(emwithout extreme care;
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ptracers can use this mechanism to escape.)
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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.TP
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW
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Results in the system call being executed.
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If multiple filters exist, the return value for the evaluation of a
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given system call will always use the highest precedent value.
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Precedence is only determined using the
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_ACTION
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mask. When multiple filters return values of the same precedence,
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only the
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.BR SECCOMP_RET_DATA
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from the most recently installed filter will be returned.
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.SH RETURN VALUE
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On success,
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.BR seccomp ()
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returns 0.
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On error, if
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.BR SECCOMP_FILTER_FLAG_TSYNC
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was used,
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the return value is the thread ID that caused the synchronization failure.
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On other errors, \-1 is returned, and
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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.IR errno
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is set to indicate the cause of the error.
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.SH ERRORS
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.BR seccomp ()
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can fail for the following reasons:
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.TP
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.BR EACCESS
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2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
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The caller did not have the
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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.BR CAP_SYS_ADMIN
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capability, or had not set
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.IR no_new_privs
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before using
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.BR SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER .
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.TP
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.BR EFAULT
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.IR args
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|
was required to be a valid address.
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.TP
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.BR EINVAL
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.IR operation
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|
is unknown; or
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.IR flags
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|
are invalid for the given
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.IR operation
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.TP
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.BR ESRCH
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Another thread caused a failure during thread sync, but its ID could not
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be determined.
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.SH VERSIONS
|
2014-11-02 06:42:02 +00:00
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|
This system call first appeared in Linux 3.17.
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2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
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.\" FIXME Add glibc version
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|
.SH CONFORMING TO
|
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|
This system call is a nonstandard Linux extension.
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|
.SH NOTES
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|
.BR seccomp ()
|
2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
|
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|
provides a superset of the functionality provided by the
|
|
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|
.BR prctl (2)
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
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|
.IR PR_SET_SECCOMP
|
2014-11-02 07:31:15 +00:00
|
|
|
operation (which does not support
|
|
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|
.IR flags ).
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
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|
.SH EXAMPLE
|
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|
|
.nf
|
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|
|
#include <errno.h>
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|
#include <stddef.h>
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#include <stdio.h>
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|
|
#include <stdlib.h>
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|
#include <unistd.h>
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|
#include <linux/audit.h>
|
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|
|
#include <linux/filter.h>
|
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|
|
#include <linux/seccomp.h>
|
|
|
|
#include <sys/prctl.h>
|
|
|
|
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
static int
|
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|
|
install_filter(int syscall, int arch, int error)
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
struct sock_filter filter[] = {
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
/* Load architecture */
|
|
|
|
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD + BPF_W + BPF_ABS,
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, arch))),
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Jump forward 4 instructions on architecture mismatch */
|
|
|
|
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP + BPF_JEQ + BPF_K, arch, 0, 4),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Load syscall number */
|
|
|
|
BPF_STMT(BPF_LD + BPF_W + BPF_ABS,
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
(offsetof(struct seccomp_data, nr))),
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Jump forward 1 instruction on syscall mismatch */
|
|
|
|
BPF_JUMP(BPF_JMP + BPF_JEQ + BPF_K, syscall, 0, 1),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Matching arch and syscall: return specific errno */
|
|
|
|
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET + BPF_K,
|
|
|
|
SECCOMP_RET_ERRNO | (error & SECCOMP_RET_DATA)),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Destination of syscall mismatch: allow other syscalls */
|
|
|
|
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET + BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW),
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/* Destination of arch mismatch: kill process. */
|
|
|
|
BPF_STMT(BPF_RET + BPF_K, SECCOMP_RET_KILL),
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
};
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
struct sock_fprog prog = {
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
.len = (unsigned short) (sizeof(filter) / sizeof(filter[0])),
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
.filter = filter,
|
|
|
|
};
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
if (seccomp(SECCOMP_SET_MODE_FILTER, 0, &prog)) {
|
|
|
|
perror("seccomp");
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
return 1;
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
return 0;
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
int
|
|
|
|
main(int argc, char **argv)
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
if (argc < 5) {
|
|
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Usage:\\n"
|
|
|
|
"refuse <syscall_nr> <arch> <errno> <prog> [<args>]\\n"
|
|
|
|
"Hint: AUDIT_ARCH_I386: 0x%X\\n"
|
|
|
|
" AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64: 0x%X\\n"
|
|
|
|
"\\n", AUDIT_ARCH_I386, AUDIT_ARCH_X86_64);
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
if (prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0)) {
|
|
|
|
perror("prctl");
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
if (install_filter(strtol(argv[1], NULL, 0),
|
|
|
|
strtol(argv[2], NULL, 0),
|
|
|
|
strtol(argv[3], NULL, 0)))
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
|
|
|
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
execv(argv[4], &argv[4]);
|
|
|
|
perror("execv");
|
2014-11-02 07:53:40 +00:00
|
|
|
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
|
2014-09-25 22:47:46 +00:00
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.BR prctl (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR ptrace (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR signal (7),
|
|
|
|
.BR socket (7)
|