2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (c) 2018 by Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>,
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.\" and Copyright (c) 2018 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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.\"
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.\" %%%LICENSE_START(VERBATIM)
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\" %%%LICENSE_END
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.\"
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getent.1, ldd.1, locale.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, mtrace.1, _exit.2, _syscall.2, accept.2, access.2, acct.2, add_key.2, adjtimex.2, alloc_hugepages.2, arch_prctl.2, bdflush.2, bind.2, bpf.2, brk.2, cacheflush.2, capget.2, chdir.2, chmod.2, chown.2, chroot.2, clock_getres.2, clock_nanosleep.2, clone.2, close.2, close_range.2, connect.2, copy_file_range.2, create_module.2, delete_module.2, dup.2, epoll_create.2, epoll_ctl.2, epoll_wait.2, eventfd.2, execve.2, execveat.2, fanotify_init.2, fanotify_mark.2, fcntl.2, flock.2, fork.2, fsync.2, futex.2, get_kernel_syms.2, get_mempolicy.2, get_robust_list.2, getcpu.2, getdents.2, getdomainname.2, getgid.2, getgroups.2, gethostname.2, getitimer.2, getpagesize.2, getpeername.2, getpid.2, getpriority.2, getrandom.2, getresuid.2, getrlimit.2, getrusage.2, getsid.2, getsockname.2, getsockopt.2, gettid.2, gettimeofday.2, getuid.2, getunwind.2, getxattr.2, idle.2, init_module.2, inotify_add_watch.2, inotify_rm_watch.2, io_cancel.2, io_destroy.2, io_getevents.2, io_setup.2, io_submit.2, ioctl.2, ioctl_console.2, ioctl_fat.2, ioctl_ficlonerange.2, ioctl_fideduperange.2, ioctl_fslabel.2, ioctl_getfsmap.2, ioctl_ns.2, ioctl_tty.2, ioctl_userfaultfd.2, ioperm.2, iopl.2, ipc.2, kcmp.2, kexec_load.2, keyctl.2, kill.2, link.2, listen.2, listxattr.2, llseek.2, lookup_dcookie.2, lseek.2, madvise.2, mbind.2, membarrier.2, memfd_create.2, migrate_pages.2, mincore.2, mkdir.2, mknod.2, mlock.2, mmap.2, mmap2.2, modify_ldt.2, mount.2, move_pages.2, mprotect.2, mq_getsetattr.2, mremap.2, msgctl.2, msgget.2, msgop.2, msync.2, nanosleep.2, nfsservctl.2, nice.2, open.2, open_by_handle_at.2, openat2.2, pause.2, pciconfig_read.2, perf_event_open.2, perfmonctl.2, personality.2, pidfd_getfd.2, pidfd_open.2, pidfd_send_signal.2, pipe.2, pivot_root.2, pkey_alloc.2, poll.2, posix_fadvise.2, prctl.2, pread.2, process_vm_readv.2, ptrace.2, query_module.2, quotactl.2, read.2, readahead.2, readdir.2, readlink.2, readv.2, reboot.2, recv.2, remap_file_pages.2, removexattr.2, rename.2, request_key.2, restart_syscall.2, rmdir.2, rt_sigqueueinfo.2, s390_guarded_storage.2, s390_pci_mmio_write.2, s390_runtime_instr.2, s390_sthyi.2, sched_get_priority_max.2, sched_rr_get_interval.2, sched_setaffinity.2, sched_setattr.2, sched_setparam.2, sched_setscheduler.2, sched_yield.2, seccomp.2, select.2, select_tut.2, semctl.2, semget.2, semop.2, send.2, sendfile.2, set_thread_area.2, seteuid.2, setfsgid.2, setfsuid.2, setgid.2, setpgid.2, setresuid.2, setreuid.2, setsid.2, setuid.2, setup.2, setxattr.2, sgetmask.2, shmctl.2, shmget.2, shmop.2, shutdown.2, sigaction.2, sigaltstack.2, signal.2, signalfd.2, sigpending.2, sigprocmask.2, sigreturn.2, sigsuspend.2, sigwaitinfo.2, socket.2, socketcall.2, socketpair.2, splice.2, spu_create.2, spu_run.2, stat.2, statfs.2, statx.2, stime.2, subpage_prot.2, swapon.2, symlink.2, sync.2, sync_file_range.2, syscall.2, syscalls.2, sysctl.2, sysfs.2, sysinfo.2, syslog.2, time.2, timer_create.2, timer_delete.2, timer_getoverrun.2, timer_settime.2, timerfd_create.2, times.2, tkill.2, truncate.2, umask.2, umount.2, uname.2, unimplemented.2, unlink.2, unshare.2, uselib.2, userfaultfd.2, ustat.2, utime.2, utimensat.2, vfork.2, vhangup.2, vm86.2, vmsplice.2, wait.2, wait4.2, write.2, CPU_SET.3, __ppc_get_timebase.3, __ppc_set_ppr_med.3, __ppc_yield.3, __setfpucw.3, a64l.3, abort.3, abs.3, acos.3, acosh.3, addseverity.3, adjtime.3, aio_cancel.3, aio_error.3, aio_fsync.3, aio_read.3, aio_return.3, aio_suspend.3, aio_write.3, alloca.3, argz_add.3, asin.3, asinh.3, asprintf.3, assert.3, assert_perror.3, atan.3, atan2.3, atanh.3, atexit.3, atof.3, atoi.3, backtrace.3, basename.3, bcmp.3, bcopy.3, bindresvport.3, bsd_signal.3, bsearch.3, bstring.3, btowc.3, byteorder.3, bzero.3, cabs.3, cacos.3, cacosh.3, canonicalize_file_name.3, carg.3, casin.3, casinh.3, catan.3, catanh.3, catgets.3, catopen.3, cbrt.3, ccos.3, ccosh.3, ceil.3, cexp.3, cexp2.3, cfree.3, cimag.3, circleq.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, clock_getcpuclockid.3, clog.3, clog10.3, clog2.3, closedir.3, cmsg.3, confstr.3, conj.3, copysign.3, cos.3, cosh.3, cpow.3, cproj.3, creal.3, crypt.3, csin.3, csinh.3, csqrt.3, ctan.3, ctanh.3, ctermid.3, ctime.3, daemon.3, des_crypt.3, difftime.3, dirfd.3, div.3, dl_iterate_phdr.3, dladdr.3, dlerror.3, dlinfo.3, dlopen.3, dlsym.3, drand48.3, drand48_r.3, duplocale.3, dysize.3, ecvt.3, ecvt_r.3, encrypt.3, endian.3, envz_add.3, erf.3, erfc.3, err.3, errno.3, error.3, ether_aton.3, euidaccess.3, exec.3, exit.3, exp.3, exp10.3, exp2.3, expm1.3, fabs.3, fclose.3, fcloseall.3, fdim.3, fenv.3, ferror.3, fexecve.3, fflush.3, ffs.3, fgetc.3, fgetgrent.3, fgetpwent.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fileno.3, finite.3, flockfile.3, floor.3, fma.3, fmax.3, fmemopen.3, fmin.3, fmod.3, fmtmsg.3, fnmatch.3, fopen.3, fopencookie.3, fpathconf.3, fpclassify.3, fpurge.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fread.3, frexp.3, fseek.3, fseeko.3, ftime.3, ftok.3, fts.3, ftw.3, futimes.3, fwide.3, gamma.3, gcvt.3, get_nprocs_conf.3, get_phys_pages.3, getaddrinfo.3, getaddrinfo_a.3, getauxval.3, getcontext.3, getcwd.3, getdate.3, getdirentries.3, getdtablesize.3, getentropy.3, getenv.3, getfsent.3, getgrent.3, getgrent_r.3, getgrnam.3, getgrouplist.3, gethostbyname.3, gethostid.3, getifaddrs.3, getipnodebyname.3, getline.3, getloadavg.3, getlogin.3, getmntent.3, getnameinfo.3, getnetent.3, getnetent_r.3, getopt.3, getpass.3, getprotoent.3, getprotoent_r.3, getpt.3, getpw.3, getpwent.3, getpwent_r.3, getpwnam.3, getrpcent.3, getrpcent_r.3, getrpcport.3, gets.3, getservent.3, getservent_r.3, getspnam.3, getsubopt.3, getttyent.3, getumask.3, getusershell.3, getutent.3, getutmp.3, getw.3, getwchar.3, glob.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, grantpt.3, group_member.3, gsignal.3, hsearch.3, hypot.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, if_nameindex.3, if_nametoindex.3, ilogb.3, index.3, inet.3, inet_net_pton.3, inet_ntop.3, inet_pton.3, initgroups.3, insque.3, isalpha.3, isatty.3, isfdtype.3, isgreater.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, j0.3, key_setsecret.3, killpg.3, ldexp.3, lgamma.3, lio_listio.3, list.3, localeconv.3, lockf.3, log.3, log10.3, log1p.3, log2.3, logb.3, login.3, lrint.3, lround.3, lsearch.3, lseek64.3, makecontext.3, makedev.3, mallinfo.3, malloc.3, malloc_get_state.3, malloc_hook.3, malloc_info.3, malloc_stats.3, malloc_trim.3, malloc_usable_size.3, mallopt.3, matherr.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mcheck.3, memccpy.3, memchr.3, memcmp.3, memcpy.3, memfrob.3, memmem.3, memmove.3, mempcpy.3, memset.3, mkdtemp.3, mkfifo.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, modf.3, mpool.3, mq_close.3, mq_getattr.3, mq_notify.3, mq_open.3, mq_receive.3, mq_send.3, mq_unlink.3, mtrace.3, nan.3, newlocale.3, nextafter.3, nextup.3, nl_langinfo.3, ntp_gettime.3, on_exit.3, open_memstream.3, opendir.3, openpty.3, perror.3, popen.3, posix_fallocate.3, posix_madvise.3, posix_memalign.3, posix_openpt.3, posix_spawn.3, pow.3, pow10.3, printf.3, profil.3, psignal.3, pthread_attr_init.3, pthread_attr_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_attr_setdetachstate.3, pthread_attr_setguardsize.3, pthread_attr_setinheritsched.3, pthread_attr_setschedparam.3, pthread_attr_setschedpolicy.3, pthread_attr_setscope.3, pthread_attr_setsigmask_np.3, pthread_attr_setstack.3, pthread_attr_setstackaddr.3, pthread_attr_setstacksize.3, pthread_cancel.3, pthread_cleanup_push.3, pthread_cleanup_push_defer_np.3, pthread_create.3, pthread_detach.3, pthread_equal.3, pthread_exit.3, pthread_getattr_default_np.3, pthread_getattr_np.3, pthread_getcpuclockid.3, pthread_join.3, pthread_kill.3, pthread_kill_other_threads_np.3, pthread_mutex_consistent.3, pthread_mutexattr_getpshared.3, pthread_mutexattr_setrobust.3, pthread_rwlockattr_setkind_np.3, pthread_self.3, pthread_setaffinity_np.3, pthread_setcancelstate.3, pthread_setconcurrency.3, pthread_setname_np.3, pthread_setschedparam.3, pthread_setschedprio.3, pthread_sigmask.3, pthread_sigqueue.3, pthread_spin_init.3, pthread_spin_lock.3, pthread_testcancel.3, pthread_tryjoin_np.3, pthread_yield.3, ptsname.3, putenv.3, putgrent.3, putpwent.3, puts.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, qsort.3, raise.3, rand.3, random.3, random_r.3, rcmd.3, re_comp.3, readdir.3, readdir_r.3, realpath.3, regex.3, remainder.3, remove.3, remquo.3, resolver.3, rewinddir.3, rexec.3, rint.3, round.3, rpc.3, rpmatch.3, rtime.3, rtnetlink.3, scalb.3, scalbln.3, scandir.3, scanf.3, sched_getcpu.3, seekdir.3, sem_close.3, sem_destroy.3, sem_getvalue.3, sem_init.3, sem_open.3, sem_post.3, sem_unlink.3, sem_wait.3, setaliasent.3, setbuf.3, setenv.3, setjmp.3, setlocale.3, setlogmask.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, siginterrupt.3, signbit.3, significand.3, sigpause.3, sigqueue.3, sigset.3, sigsetops.3, sigvec.3, sigwait.3, sin.3, sincos.3, sinh.3, sleep.3, slist.3, sockatmark.3, sqrt.3, stailq.3, statvfs.3, stdarg.3, stdio.3, stdio_ext.3, stpcpy.3, stpncpy.3, strcasecmp.3, strcat.3, strchr.3, strcmp.3, strcoll.3, strcpy.3, strdup.3, strerror.3, strfmon.3, strfromd.3, strfry.3, strftime.3, string.3, strlen.3, strnlen.3, strpbrk.3, strptime.3, strsep.3, strsignal.3, strspn.3, strstr.3, strtod.3, strtoimax.3, strtok.3, strtol.3, strtoul.3, strverscmp.3, strxfrm.3, swab.3, sysconf.3, syslog.3, system.3, sysv_signal.3, tailq.3, tan.3, tanh.3, tcgetpgrp.3, tcgetsid.3, telldir.3, tempnam.3, termios.3, tgamma.3, timegm.3, timeradd.3, tmpfile.3, tmpnam.3, toascii.3, toupper.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, trunc.3, tsearch.3, ttyname.3, ttyslot.3, tzset.3, ualarm.3, ulimit.3, undocumented.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, unlockpt.3, updwtmp.3, uselocale.3, usleep.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstoimax.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wordexp.3, wprintf.3, xcrypt.3, xdr.3, y0.3, cciss.4, console_codes.4, dsp56k.4, hpsa.4, initrd.4, loop.4, lp.4, msr.4, random.4, rtc.4, smartpqi.4, veth.4, wavelan.4, acct.5, core.5, elf.5, hosts.5, locale.5, proc.5, resolv.conf.5, rpc.5, slabinfo.5, sysfs.5, tmpfs.5, utmp.5, address_families.7, aio.7, attributes.7, bootparam.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, complex.7, ddp.7, environ.7, epoll.7, fanotify.7, feature_test_macros.7, hier.7, inode.7, inotify.7, ip.7, ipv6.7, keyrings.7, locale.7, man-pages.7, man.7, math_error.7, mount_namespaces.7, namespaces.7, netdevice.7, netlink.7, numa.7, packet.7, pkeys.7, pthreads.7, queue.7, raw.7, rtnetlink.7, sched.7, session-keyring.7, shm_overview.7, sigevent.7, signal-safety.7, signal.7, sock_diag.7, socket.7, spufs.7, symlink.7, system_data_types.7, tcp.7, time_namespaces.7, udp.7, udplite.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, user_namespaces.7, vdso.7, vsock.7, x25.7, iconvconfig.8, ld.so.8, ldconfig.8, sln.8, tzselect.8: tstamp
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2021-03-21 23:15:34 +00:00
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.TH ADDRESS_FAMILIES 7 2021-03-22 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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address_families \- socket address families (domains)
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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2021-01-03 11:49:03 +00:00
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.nf
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2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */"
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.B #include <sys/socket.h>
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.PP
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.BI "int socket(int " domain ", int " type ", int " protocol );
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2021-01-03 11:49:03 +00:00
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.fi
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2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The
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.I domain
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argument of the
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.BR socket (2)
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specifies a communication domain; this selects the protocol
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family which will be used for communication.
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These families are defined in
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.IR <sys/socket.h> .
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2019-02-22 16:26:11 +00:00
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The formats currently understood by the Linux kernel include:
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2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.TP
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.BR AF_UNIX ", " AF_LOCAL
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Local communication
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For further information, see
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.BR unix (7).
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.TP
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.B AF_INET
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IPv4 Internet protocols.
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For further information, see
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.BR ip (7).
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.TP
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.B AF_AX25
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Amateur radio AX.25 protocol.
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For further information, see
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.BR ax25 (4).
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.\" Part of ax25-tools
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.TP
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.B AF_IPX
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IPX \- Novell protocols.
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.TP
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.B AF_APPLETALK
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AppleTalk
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For further information, see
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.BR ddp (7).
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.TP
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.B AF_NETROM
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AX.25 packet layer protocol.
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For further information, see
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.BR netrom (4),
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.\" Part of ax25-tools package
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.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x61.html
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.I The Packet Radio Protocols and Linux
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.UE
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and the
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.IR AX.25 ", " NET/ROM ", and " "ROSE network programming"
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chapters of the
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.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x2107.html
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.I Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO
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.UE .
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.TP
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.B AF_BRIDGE
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Can't be used for creating sockets;
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mostly used for bridge links in
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.BR rtnetlink (7)
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protocol commands.
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.TP
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.B AF_ATMPVC
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Access to raw ATM Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).
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2018-10-18 17:05:43 +00:00
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For further information, see the
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2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
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.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO
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.I ATM on Linux HOWTO
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.UE .
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.TP
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.B AF_X25
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ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol.
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For further information, see
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.BR x25 (7).
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.TP
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.B AF_INET6
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IPv6 Internet protocols.
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For further information, see
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.BR ipv6 (7).
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.TP
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.B AF_ROSE
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RATS (Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society)
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Open Systems environment (ROSE) AX.25 packet layer protocol.
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For further information, see the resources listed for
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.BR AF_NETROM .
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.TP
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.B AF_DECnet
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DECet protocol sockets.
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See
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.I Documentation/networking/decnet.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_NETBEUI
|
|
|
|
Reserved for "802.2LLC project"; never used.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_SECURITY
|
|
|
|
This was a short-lived (between Linux 2.1.30 and 2.1.99pre2) protocol family
|
|
|
|
for firewall upcalls.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_KEY
|
|
|
|
Key management protocol, originally developed for usage with IPsec
|
|
|
|
(since Linux 2.1.38).
|
|
|
|
This has no relation to
|
|
|
|
.BR keyctl (2)
|
|
|
|
and the in-kernel key storage facility.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2367
|
|
|
|
RFC 2367
|
|
|
|
.I PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_NETLINK
|
|
|
|
Kernel user interface device
|
|
|
|
For further information, see
|
|
|
|
.BR netlink (7).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_PACKET
|
|
|
|
Low-level packet interface.
|
|
|
|
For further information, see
|
|
|
|
.BR packet (7).
|
|
|
|
.\" .TP
|
|
|
|
.\" .B AF_ASH
|
|
|
|
.\" Asynchronous Serial Host protocol (?)
|
|
|
|
.\" Notes from Eugene Syromyatnikov:
|
|
|
|
.\" I haven't found any concrete information about this one;
|
|
|
|
.\" it never was implemented in Linux, at least, judging by historical
|
|
|
|
.\" repos. There is also this file (and its variations):
|
|
|
|
.\" https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/blob/master/lib/ash.c
|
|
|
|
.\" ( https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/commits/master/lib/ash.c )
|
|
|
|
.\" it mentions "NET-2 distribution" (BSD Net/2?), but, again, I failed
|
|
|
|
.\" to find any mentions of "ash" protocol there.
|
|
|
|
.\" (for the reference:
|
|
|
|
.\" ftp://pdp11.org.ru/pub/unix-archive/Distributions/UCB/Net2/net2.tar.gz )
|
|
|
|
.\" Another source that mentions it is
|
|
|
|
.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug101-uart-gateway-protocol-reference.pdf
|
|
|
|
.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug115-ashv3-protocol-reference.pdf
|
|
|
|
.\" but I doubt that it's related, as former files use 64-byte addresses and
|
|
|
|
.\" "Hamming-encode of hops", and that's barely combines with a protocol
|
|
|
|
.\" that is mainly used over serial connection.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_ECONET
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 349f29d841dbae854bd7367be7c250401f974f47
|
|
|
|
Acorn Econet protocol (removed in Linux 3.5).
|
|
|
|
See the
|
|
|
|
.UR http://www.8bs.com/othrdnld/manuals/econet.shtml
|
|
|
|
Econet documentation
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_ATMSVC
|
|
|
|
Access to ATM Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)
|
|
|
|
See the
|
|
|
|
.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO
|
|
|
|
.I ATM on Linux HOWTO
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_RDS
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 639b321b4d8f4e412bfbb2a4a19bfebc1e68ace4
|
|
|
|
Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol (since Linux 2.6.30).
|
|
|
|
RDS over RDMA has no relation to
|
|
|
|
.B AF_SMC
|
|
|
|
or
|
2019-02-27 09:31:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR AF_XDP .
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
For further information see
|
|
|
|
.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds.7
|
|
|
|
.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds-rdma.7
|
|
|
|
.BR rds (7),
|
intro.1, localedef.1, memusage.1, memusagestat.1, bpf.2, execve.2, fork.2, keyctl.2, request_key.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, socket.2, dlopen.3, getauxval.3, gnu_get_libc_version.3, pthread_atfork.3, sem_post.3, setjmp.3, strftime.3, veth.4, locale.5, nscd.conf.5, resolv.conf.5, address_families.7, armscii-8.7, ascii.7, capabilities.7, cgroups.7, charsets.7, cp1251.7, cp1252.7, iso_8859-1.7, iso_8859-10.7, iso_8859-11.7, iso_8859-13.7, iso_8859-14.7, iso_8859-15.7, iso_8859-16.7, iso_8859-2.7, iso_8859-3.7, iso_8859-4.7, iso_8859-5.7, iso_8859-6.7, iso_8859-7.7, iso_8859-8.7, iso_8859-9.7, keyrings.7, koi8-r.7, koi8-u.7, libc.7, locale.7, man.7, network_namespaces.7, persistent-keyring.7, session-keyring.7, signal.7, unicode.7, uri.7, user-keyring.7, user-session-keyring.7: ffix: replace - with real\-
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2020-07-06 12:28:51 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR rds\-rdma (7),
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/rds.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_IRDA
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: 1ca163afb6fd569b, d64c2a76123f0300
|
|
|
|
Socket interface over IrDA
|
|
|
|
(moved to staging in Linux 4.14, removed in Linux 4.17).
|
|
|
|
.\" irda-utils: https://sourceforge.net/p/irda/code/HEAD/tree/tags/IRDAUTILS_0_9_18/irda-utils/man/irda.7.gz?format=raw
|
|
|
|
For further information see
|
|
|
|
.BR irda (7).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_PPPOX
|
2018-10-18 17:05:43 +00:00
|
|
|
Generic PPP transport layer, for setting up L2 tunnels
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
(L2TP and PPPoE).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_WANPIPE
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: ce0ecd594d78710422599918a608e96dd1ee6024
|
|
|
|
Legacy protocol for wide area network (WAN) connectivity
|
|
|
|
that was used by Sangoma WAN cards (called "WANPIPE");
|
|
|
|
removed in Linux 2.6.21.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_LLC
|
|
|
|
.\" linux-history commit: 34beb106cde7da233d4df35dd3d6cf4fee937caa
|
|
|
|
Logical link control (IEEE 802.2 LLC) protocol, upper part
|
|
|
|
of data link layer of ISO/OSI networking protocol stack
|
|
|
|
(since Linux 2.4);
|
|
|
|
has no relation to
|
2019-02-27 09:31:55 +00:00
|
|
|
.BR AF_PACKET .
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
See chapter
|
|
|
|
.I 13.5.3. Logical Link Control
|
|
|
|
in
|
|
|
|
.I Understanding Linux Kernel Internals
|
|
|
|
(O'Reilly Media, 2006)
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.I IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link Control
|
|
|
|
(The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
|
|
|
|
New York, New York, 1985)
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
See also
|
|
|
|
.UR https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/llc
|
|
|
|
some historical notes
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
regarding its development.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_IB
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334
|
|
|
|
InfiniBand native addressing (since Linux 3.11).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_MPLS
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: 0189197f441602acdca3f97750d392a895b778fd
|
|
|
|
Multiprotocol Label Switching (since Linux 4.1);
|
|
|
|
mostly used for configuring MPLS routing via
|
|
|
|
.BR netlink (7),
|
|
|
|
as it doesn't expose ability to create sockets to user space.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_CAN
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: 8dbde28d9711475a..5423dd67bd0108a1
|
|
|
|
Controller Area Network automotive bus protocol (since Linux 2.6.25).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/can.rst
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_TIPC
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: b97bf3fd8f6a16966d4f18983b2c40993ff937d4
|
|
|
|
TIPC, "cluster domain sockets" protocol (since Linux 2.6.16).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR http://tipc.io/programming.html
|
|
|
|
.I TIPC Programmer's Guide
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
and the
|
|
|
|
.UR http://tipc.io/protocol.html
|
|
|
|
protocol description
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_BLUETOOTH
|
|
|
|
.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334
|
|
|
|
Bluetooth low-level socket protocol (since Linux 3.11).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR https://git.kernel.org\:/pub/scm\:/bluetooth/bluez.git\:/tree/doc/mgmt-api.txt
|
|
|
|
.I Bluetooth Management API overview
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.UR https://people.csail.mit.edu/albert/bluez-intro/
|
|
|
|
.I An Introduction to Bluetooth Programming
|
|
|
|
by Albert Huang
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_IUCV
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: eac3731bd04c7131478722a3c148b78774553116
|
|
|
|
IUCV (inter-user communication vehicle) z/VM protocol
|
|
|
|
for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 2.6.21);
|
|
|
|
has no relation to
|
|
|
|
.B AF_VSOCK
|
|
|
|
and/or
|
|
|
|
.BR AF_SMC
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR https://www.ibm.com\:/support\:/knowledgecenter\:/en/SSB27U_6.4.0\:/com.ibm.zvm.v640.hcpb4\:/iucv.htm
|
|
|
|
.I IUCV protocol overview
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_RXRPC
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 17926a79320afa9b95df6b977b40cca6d8713cea
|
|
|
|
.\" http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/
|
|
|
|
.\" https://www.infradead.org/~dhowells/kafs/af_rxrpc_client.html
|
|
|
|
.\" http://workshop.openafs.org/afsbpw09/talks/thu_2/kafs.pdf
|
|
|
|
.\" http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/dist-afs.pdf
|
|
|
|
.\" http://web.mit.edu/kolya/afs/rx/rx-spec
|
|
|
|
Rx, Andrew File System remote procedure call protocol
|
|
|
|
(since Linux 2.6.22).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_ISDN
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 1b2b03f8e514e4f68e293846ba511a948b80243c
|
|
|
|
New "modular ISDN" driver interface protocol (since Linux 2.6.27).
|
|
|
|
See the
|
|
|
|
.UR http://www.misdn.eu/wiki/Main_Page/
|
|
|
|
mISDN wiki
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_PHONET
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 4b07b3f69a8471cdc142c51461a331226fef248a
|
|
|
|
Nokia cellular modem IPC/RPC interface (since Linux 2.6.31).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/phonet.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_IEEE802154
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 9ec7671603573ede31207eb5b0b3e1aa211b2854
|
|
|
|
IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN (wireless personal area network) raw packet protocol
|
|
|
|
(since Linux 2.6.31).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/ieee802154.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_CAIF
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 529d6dad5bc69de14cdd24831e2a14264e93daa4
|
|
|
|
.\" https://lwn.net/Articles/371017/
|
|
|
|
.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20DESCRIPTION_LZN901%202002_revR1C.pdf
|
|
|
|
.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20PROTOCOL%20SPECIFICATION_LZN901%201708_revR1A.pdf
|
|
|
|
Ericsson's Communication CPU to Application CPU interface (CAIF) protocol
|
|
|
|
(since Linux 2.6.36).
|
|
|
|
See
|
2021-01-21 08:29:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/caif/Linux\-CAIF.txt
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_ALG
|
|
|
|
Interface to kernel crypto API (since Linux 2.6.38).
|
|
|
|
See
|
2021-01-21 08:29:38 +00:00
|
|
|
.I Documentation/crypto/userspace\-if.rst
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_VSOCK
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: d021c344051af91f42c5ba9fdedc176740cbd238
|
|
|
|
VMWare VSockets protocol for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 3.9);
|
|
|
|
has no relation to
|
|
|
|
.B AF_IUCV
|
|
|
|
and
|
|
|
|
.BR AF_SMC .
|
|
|
|
For further information, see
|
|
|
|
.BR vsock (7).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_KCM
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: 03c8efc1ffeb6b82a22c1af8dd908af349563314
|
2020-07-30 06:03:02 +00:00
|
|
|
KCM (kernel connection multiplexer) interface (since Linux 4.6).
|
2018-10-16 08:09:26 +00:00
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/kcm.txt
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_QIPCRTR
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: bdabad3e363d825ddf9679dd431cca0b2c30f881
|
|
|
|
Qualcomm IPC router interface protocol (since Linux 4.7).
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_SMC
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: f3a3e248f3f7cd9a4bed334022704d7e7fc781bf
|
|
|
|
SMC-R (shared memory communications over RDMA) protocol (since Linux 4.11),
|
|
|
|
and SMC-D (shared memory communications, direct memory access) protocol
|
|
|
|
for intra-node z/VM quest interaction (since Linux 4.19);
|
|
|
|
has no relation to
|
|
|
|
.BR AF_RDS ", " AF_IUCV
|
|
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
.BR AF_VSOCK .
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7609
|
|
|
|
RFC 7609
|
|
|
|
.I IBM's Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) Protocol
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details regarding SMC-R.
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.UR https://www-01.ibm.com\:/software/network\:/commserver\:/SMC-D/index.html
|
|
|
|
.I SMC-D Reference Information
|
|
|
|
.UE
|
|
|
|
for details regarding SMC-D.
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
|
|
.B AF_XDP
|
|
|
|
.\" commit: c0c77d8fb787cfe0c3fca689c2a30d1dad4eaba7
|
|
|
|
XDP (express data path) interface (since Linux 4.18).
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
.I Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst
|
|
|
|
in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
.BR socket (2),
|
|
|
|
.BR socket (7)
|