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.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
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.\"
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2007-09-20 06:52:22 +00:00
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.\" Copyright (C) 2005 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
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.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
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.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date. The author(s) assume no
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.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
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2008-03-18 14:47:54 +00:00
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.\" the use of the information contained herein. The author(s) may not
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.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
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.\" professionally.
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.\"
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
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.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
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.\"
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2007-05-30 05:36:26 +00:00
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.TH PTY 7 2005-10-10 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.SH NAME
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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pty \- pseudoterminal interfaces
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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A pseudoterminal (sometimes abbreviated "pty")
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2010-10-12 04:59:04 +00:00
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is a pair of virtual character devices that
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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provide a bidirectional communication channel.
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One end of the channel is called the
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.IR master ;
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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the other end is called the
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.IR slave .
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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The slave end of the pseudoterminal provides an interface
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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that behaves exactly like a classical terminal.
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A process that expects to be connected to a terminal,
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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can open the slave end of a pseudoterminal and
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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then be driven by a program that has opened the master end.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Anything that is written on the master end is provided to the process
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on the slave end as though it was input typed on a terminal.
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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For example, writing the interrupt character (usually control-C)
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2007-06-21 05:38:48 +00:00
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to the master device would cause an interrupt signal
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.RB ( SIGINT )
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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to be generated for the foreground process group
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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that is connected to the slave.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Conversely, anything that is written to the slave end of the
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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pseudoterminal can be read by the process that is connected to
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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the master end.
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2012-06-07 09:45:22 +00:00
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Pseudoterminals are used by applications such as network login services
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.RB ( ssh "(1), " rlogin "(1), " telnet (1)),
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terminal emulators,
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.BR script (1),
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.BR screen (1),
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and
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.BR expect (1).
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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Historically, two pseudoterminal APIs have evolved: BSD and System V.
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SUSv1 standardized a pseudoterminal API based on the System V API,
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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and this API should be employed in all new programs that use
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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pseudoterminals.
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
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Linux provides both BSD-style and (standardized) System V-style
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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pseudoterminals.
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System V-style terminals are commonly called UNIX 98 pseudoterminals
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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on Linux systems.
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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Since kernel 2.6.4, BSD-style pseudoterminals are considered deprecated
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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(they can be disabled when configuring the kernel);
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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UNIX 98 pseudoterminals should be used in new applications.
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.SS "UNIX 98 pseudoterminals"
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An unused UNIX 98 pseudoterminal master is opened by calling
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR posix_openpt (3).
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(This function opens the master clone device,
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.IR /dev/ptmx ;
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see
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2005-10-10 13:24:08 +00:00
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.BR pts (4).)
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2007-06-08 09:56:56 +00:00
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After performing any program-specific initializations,
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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changing the ownership and permissions of the slave device using
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR grantpt (3),
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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and unlocking the slave using
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR unlockpt (3)),
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the corresponding slave device can be opened by passing
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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the name returned by
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR ptsname (3)
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in a call to
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.BR open (2).
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The Linux kernel imposes a limit on the number of available
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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UNIX 98 pseudoterminals.
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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In kernels up to and including 2.6.3, this limit is configured
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2007-12-16 13:57:00 +00:00
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at kernel compilation time
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.RB ( CONFIG_UNIX98_PTYS ),
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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and the permitted number of pseudoterminals can be up to 2048,
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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with a default setting of 256.
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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Since kernel 2.6.4, the limit is dynamically adjustable via
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/pty/max ,
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and a corresponding file,
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.IR /proc/sys/kernel/pty/nr ,
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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indicates how many pseudoterminals are currently in use.
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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For further details on these two files, see
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.BR proc (5).
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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.SS "BSD pseudoterminals"
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BSD-style pseudoterminals are provided as precreated pairs, with
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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names of the form
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.I /dev/ptyXY
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(master) and
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.I /dev/ttyXY
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(slave),
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where X is a letter from the 16-character set [p-za-e],
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and Y is a letter from the 16-character set [0-9a-f].
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intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
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(The precise range of letters in these two sets varies across UNIX
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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implementations.)
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For example,
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.I /dev/ptyp1
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and
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.I /dev/ttyp1
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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constitute a BSD pseudoterminal pair.
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A process finds an unused pseudoterminal pair by trying to
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR open (2)
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open.2, poll.2, select_tut.2, getpt.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, ptsname.3, unlockpt.3, pts.4, tty_ioctl.4, proc.5, pty.7: spfix: s/psuedoterminal/psuedoterminal/g
Reported-by: Denis Barbier <bouzim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-13 03:32:15 +00:00
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each pseudoterminal master until an open succeeds.
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The corresponding pseudoterminal slave (substitute "tty"
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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for "pty" in the name of the master) can then be opened.
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.SH "FILES"
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
|
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.I /dev/ptmx
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intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
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(UNIX 98 master clone device)
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.br
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.I /dev/pts/*
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intro.1, time.1, accept.2, bind.2, connect.2, execve.2, flock.2, getdents.2, getpriority.2, getuid.2, intro.2, ioctl.2, mincore.2, mknod.2, personality.2, ptrace.2, read.2, recv.2, select_tut.2, send.2, sendfile.2, shmctl.2, sigaction.2, signal.2, stat.2, times.2, truncate.2, umask.2, wait.2, MB_CUR_MAX.3, MB_LEN_MAX.3, argz_add.3, btowc.3, clearenv.3, clock.3, cmsg.3, end.3, endian.3, errno.3, exit.3, fgetwc.3, fgetws.3, fopen.3, fputwc.3, fputws.3, fseek.3, fwide.3, getfsent.3, getgrnam.3, gethostid.3, getipnodebyname.3, getmntent.3, getpwnam.3, getwchar.3, grantpt.3, iconv.3, iconv_close.3, iconv_open.3, insque.3, intro.3, iswalnum.3, iswalpha.3, iswblank.3, iswcntrl.3, iswctype.3, iswdigit.3, iswgraph.3, iswlower.3, iswprint.3, iswpunct.3, iswspace.3, iswupper.3, iswxdigit.3, malloc.3, mblen.3, mbrlen.3, mbrtowc.3, mbsinit.3, mbsnrtowcs.3, mbsrtowcs.3, mbstowcs.3, mbtowc.3, mkstemp.3, mktemp.3, nl_langinfo.3, openpty.3, posix_openpt.3, printf.3, ptsname.3, putwchar.3, qecvt.3, rcmd.3, readdir.3, rexec.3, rpc.3, setnetgrent.3, shm_open.3, sigpause.3, stdin.3, stpcpy.3, strftime.3, strptime.3, syslog.3, towctrans.3, towlower.3, towupper.3, ttyslot.3, ungetwc.3, unlocked_stdio.3, wcpcpy.3, wcpncpy.3, wcrtomb.3, wcscasecmp.3, wcscat.3, wcschr.3, wcscmp.3, wcscpy.3, wcscspn.3, wcsdup.3, wcslen.3, wcsncasecmp.3, wcsncat.3, wcsncmp.3, wcsncpy.3, wcsnlen.3, wcsnrtombs.3, wcspbrk.3, wcsrchr.3, wcsrtombs.3, wcsspn.3, wcsstr.3, wcstok.3, wcstombs.3, wcswidth.3, wctob.3, wctomb.3, wctrans.3, wctype.3, wcwidth.3, wmemchr.3, wmemcmp.3, wmemcpy.3, wmemmove.3, wmemset.3, wprintf.3, console_ioctl.4, pts.4, elf.5, filesystems.5, hosts.5, proc.5, ttytype.5, boot.7, capabilities.7, credentials.7, epoll.7, glob.7, koi8-r.7, path_resolution.7, pty.7, signal.7, suffixes.7, time.7, unicode.7, unix.7, uri.7, utf-8.7: global fix: s/Unix/UNIX/
The man pages were rather inconsistent in the use of "Unix"
versus "UNIX". Let's go with the trademark usage.
Signed-off-by: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
2010-10-12 04:45:38 +00:00
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(UNIX 98 slave devices)
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.br
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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(BSD master devices)
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.br
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2007-04-12 22:42:49 +00:00
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.I /dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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(BSD slave devices)
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2007-05-19 04:30:20 +00:00
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.SH "NOTES"
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A description of the
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.B TIOCPKT
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.BR ioctl (2),
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which controls packet mode operation, can be found in
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.BR tty_ioctl (4).
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2007-12-16 13:57:00 +00:00
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The BSD
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.BR ioctl (2)
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operations
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.BR TIOCSTOP ,
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.BR TIOCSTART ,
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.BR TIOCUCNTL ,
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and
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.BR TIOCREMOTE
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have not been implemented under Linux.
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.BR select (2),
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.BR setsid (2),
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.BR forkpty (3),
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.BR openpty (3),
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.BR termios (3),
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2005-10-10 13:24:08 +00:00
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.BR pts (4),
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2005-10-10 13:00:25 +00:00
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.BR tty (4),
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.BR tty_ioctl (4)
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