mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
1375 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
1375 lines
54 KiB
Plaintext
<preface><title>Preface</title>
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<para>
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The Internet is now a household term in many countries. With otherwise
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serious people beginning to joyride along the Information Superhighway,
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computer networking seems to be moving toward the status of TV sets
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and microwave ovens. The Internet has unusually high media coverage, and
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social science majors are descending on Usenet newsgroups, online virtual
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reality environments, and the Web to conduct research on the new
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“Internet Culture.”
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</para>
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<para>
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Of course, networking has been around for a long time. Connecting
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computers to form local area networks has been common practice, even
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at small installations, and so have long-haul links using transmission
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lines provided by telecommunications companies. A rapidly growing
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conglomerate of world-wide networks has, however, made joining the
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global village a perfectly reasonable option for even small non-profit
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organizations of private computer users. Setting up an Internet host
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with mail and news capabilities offering dialup and ISDN access has
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become affordable, and the advent of DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) and
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Cable Modem technologies will doubtlessly continue this trend.
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</para>
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<para>
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Talking about computer networks often means talking about Unix. Of
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course, Unix is not the only operating system with network
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capabilities, nor will it remain a frontrunner forever, but it has
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been in the networking business for a long time, and will surely
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continue to be for some time to come.
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</para>
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<para>
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What makes Unix particularly interesting to private users is that there has
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been much activity to bring free Unix-like operating systems to the PC, such
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as 386BSD, FreeBSD, and Linux.
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</para>
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<para>
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Linux is a freely distributable Unix clone for personal computers. It
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currently runs on a variety of machines that includes the Intel family
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of processors, but also Motorola 680x0 machines, such as the Commodore
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Amiga and Apple Macintosh; Sun SPARC and Ultra-SPARC machines; Compaq
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Alphas; MIPS; PowerPCs, such as the new generation of Apple Macintosh;
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and StrongARM, like the rebel.com Netwinder and 3Com Palm
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machines. Linux has been ported to some relatively obscure platforms,
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like the Fujitsu AP-1000 and the IBM System 3/90. Ports to other
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interesting architectures are currently in progress in developers'
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labs, and the quest to move Linux into the embedded controller space
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promises success.
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</para>
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<para>
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Linux was developed by a large team of volunteers across the Internet.
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The project was started in 1990 by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish college
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student, as an operating systems course project. Since that time,
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Linux has snowballed into a full-featured Unix clone capable of
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running applications as diverse as simulation and modeling programs,
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word processors, speech recognition systems, World Wide Web browsers,
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and a horde of other software, including a variety of excellent
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games. A great deal of hardware is supported, and Linux contains a
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complete implementation of TCP/IP networking, including SLIP, PPP,
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firewalls, a full IPX implementation, and many features and some
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protocols not found in any other operating system. Linux is powerful,
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fast, and free, and its popularity in the world beyond the Internet is
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growing rapidly.
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</para>
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<para>
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The Linux operating system itself is covered by the GNU General Public
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License, the same copyright license used by software developed by the Free
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Software Foundation. This license allows anyone to redistribute or modify
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the software (free of charge or for a profit) as long as all modifications
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and distributions are freely distributable as well. The term “free
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software” refers to freedom of application, not freedom of cost.
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</para>
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<sect1><title>Purpose and Audience for This Book</title>
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<para>
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This book was written to provide a single reference for network
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administration in a Linux environment. Beginners and experienced users
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alike should find the information they need to cover nearly all
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important administration activities required to manage a Linux network
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configuration. The possible range of topics to cover is nearly
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limitless, so of course it has been impossible to include everything
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there is to say on all subjects. We've tried to cover the most
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important and common ones. We've found that beginners to Linux
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networking, even those with no prior exposure to Unix-like operating
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systems, have found this book good enough to help them successfully
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get their Linux network configurations up and running and get them
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ready to learn more.
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</para>
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<para>
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There are many books and other sources of information from which you
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can learn any of the topics covered in this book (with the possible
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exception of some of the truly Linux-specific features, such as the
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new Linux firewall interface, which is not well documented elsewhere)
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in greater depth. We've provided a bibliography for you to use when
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you are ready to explore more.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1><title>Sources of Information</title>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>information on Linux</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux</primary><secondary>sources of information
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on</secondary></indexterm> If you are new to the world of Linux, there
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are a number of resources to explore and become familiar with. Having
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access to the Internet is helpful, but not essential.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Linux Documentation Project guides</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux Documentation Project</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>LDP (Linux Documentation Project)</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>Welsh, Matt</primary></indexterm> <indexterm><primary>Wirzenius, Lars</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>Oja, Joanna</primary></indexterm>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Frampton, Steve</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Burkett, B. Scott</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Goldt, Sven</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Harper, John D.</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Meer, Sven van der</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Rusling, David A.</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Pomerantz, Ori</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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The Linux Documentation Project is a group of volunteers who have
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worked to produce books (guides), HOWTO documents, and manual pages on
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topics ranging from installation to kernel programming. The LDP works
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include:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Linux Installation and Getting Started</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By Matt Welsh, et al. This book describes how to obtain, install, and use
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Linux. It includes an introductory Unix tutorial and information on systems
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administration, the X Window System, and networking.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Linux System Administrators Guide</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By Lars Wirzenius and Joanna Oja. This book is a guide to general Linux system
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administration and covers topics such as creating and configuring users,
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performing system backups, configuration of major software packages, and
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installing and upgrading software.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Linux System Adminstration Made Easy</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By Steve Frampton. This book describes day-to-day administration and
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maintenance issues of relevance to Linux users.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Linux Programmers Guide</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By B. Scott Burkett, Sven Goldt, John D. Harper, Sven van der Meer, and
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Matt Welsh. This book covers topics of interest to people who wish to
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develop application software for Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>The Linux Kernel</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By David A. Rusling. This book provides an introduction to the Linux
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Kernel, how it is constructed, and how it works. Take a tour of your
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kernel.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>The Linux Kernel Module Programming
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Guide</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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By Ori Pomerantz. This guide explains how to write Linux kernel <?troff .hw modules>modules.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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More manuals are in development. For more information about the LDP
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you should consult their World Wide Web server at <systemitem
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role=url>http://www.linuxdoc.org/</systemitem> or one of its many
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mirrors.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>HOWTO documents</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux</primary><secondary>HOWTOs</secondary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>HOWTOs</primary></indexterm> The Linux HOWTOs are
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a comprehensive series of papers detailing various aspects of the
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system—such as installation and configuration of the X Window
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System software, or how to write in assembly language programming
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under Linux. These are generally located in the
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<filename>HOWTO</filename> subdirectory of the FTP sites listed later,
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or they are available on the World Wide Web at one of the many Linux
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Documentation Project mirror sites. See the Bibliography at the end
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of this book, or the file <filename>HOWTO-INDEX</filename> for a list
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of what's available.
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</para>
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<para>
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You might want to obtain the <emphasis>Installation HOWTO</emphasis>, which
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describes how to install Linux on your system; the <emphasis>Hardware
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Compatibility HOWTO</emphasis>, which contains a list of hardware known to
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work with Linux; and the <emphasis>Distribution HOWTO</emphasis>, which lists
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software vendors selling Linux on diskette and CD-ROM.
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</para>
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<para>
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The bibliography of this book includes references to the HOWTO documents
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that are related to Linux networking.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>Linux Frequently Asked Questions</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The <emphasis>Linux Frequently Asked Questions with Answers</emphasis>
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(FAQ) contains a wide assortment of questions and answers about the
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system. It is a must-read for all newcomers.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<sect2><title>Documentation Available via FTP</title>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux</primary><secondary>documentation</secondary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>documentation (Linux)</primary><secondary>via
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FTP</secondary></indexterm> If you have access to anonymous FTP, you
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can obtain all Linux documentation listed above from various sites,
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including <systemitem role=url> metalab.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/docs
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</systemitem> and <systemitem role=url> tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/docs
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</systemitem>.
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</para>
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<para>
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These sites are mirrored by a number of sites around the world.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Documentation Available via WWW</title>
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<indexterm><primary>documentation (Linux)</primary><secondary>via
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WWW</secondary></indexterm>
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<para>
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There are many Linux-based WWW sites available. The home site for the
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Linux Documentation Project can be accessed at <systemitem
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role=url>http://www.linuxdoc.org/</systemitem>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>Open Source Writers Guild</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>OSWG (Open Source Writers
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Guild)</primary></indexterm> The Open Source Writers Guild (OSWG) is a
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project that has a scope that extends beyond Linux. The OSWG, like
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this book, is committed to advocating and facilitating the production
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of OpenSource documentation. The OSWG home site is at
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<systemitem role=url>http://www.oswg.org:8080/oswg</systemitem>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Both of these sites contain hypertext (and other) versions of many Linux
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related documents.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Documentation Available Commercially</title>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>documentation
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(Linux)</primary><secondary>commercial</secondary></indexterm> A
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number of publishing companies and software vendors publish the works
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of the Linux Documentation Project. Two such vendors are:
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</para>
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<literallayout>
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Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. (SSC)
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<systemitem role="url">http://www.ssc.com/</systemitem>
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P.O. Box 55549 Seattle, WA 98155-0549
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1-206-782-7733
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1-206-782-7191 (FAX)
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<systemitem role="emailaddr">sales@ssc.com</systemitem>
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</literallayout>
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<para>
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and:
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</para>
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<literallayout>
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Linux Systems Labs
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<systemitem role="url">http://www.lsl.com/</systemitem>
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18300 Tara Drive
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Clinton Township, MI 48036
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1-810-987-8807
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1-810-987-3562 (FAX)
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<systemitem role="emailaddr">sales@lsl.com</systemitem>
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</literallayout>
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<para>
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Both companies sell compendiums of Linux HOWTO documents and other
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Linux documentation in printed and bound form.
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</para>
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<para>
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<indexterm><primary>Running Linux</primary></indexterm>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Learning Debian GNU/Linux</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Learning Red Hat Linux</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux in a Nutshell</primary></indexterm> O'Reilly
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& Associates publishes a series of Linux books. This one is a work
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of the Linux Documentation Project, but most have been independently
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authored. Their range includes:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Running Linux</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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An installation and user guide to the system describing how to get the most
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out of personal computing with Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Learning Debian GNU/Linux</emphasis></term>
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<term><emphasis>Learning Red Hat Linux</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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More basic than <emphasis>Running Linux</emphasis>, these books
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contain popular distributions on CD-ROM and offer robust directions
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for setting them up and using them.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><emphasis>Linux in a Nutshell</emphasis></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Another in the successful "in a Nutshell" series, this book focuses on
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providing a broad reference text for Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Linux Journal and Linux Magazine</title>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux Journal</primary></indexterm>
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<indexterm><primary>Linux Magazine</primary></indexterm>
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<para>
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<emphasis>Linux Journal</emphasis> and <emphasis>Linux
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Magazine</emphasis> are monthly magazines for the Linux community,
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written and published by a number of Linux activists. They contain
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articles ranging from novice questions and answers to kernel
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programming internals. Even if you have Usenet access, these magazines
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are a good way to stay in touch with the Linux community.
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis>Linux Journal</emphasis> is the oldest magazine and is
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published by S.S.C. Incorporated, for which details were listed
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previously. You can also find the magazine on the World Wide Web at
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<systemitem role=url>http://www.linuxjournal.com/</systemitem>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<emphasis>Linux Magazine</emphasis> is a newer, independent
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publication. The home web site for the magazine is <systemitem
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role=url>http://www.linuxmagazine.com/</systemitem>.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Linux Usenet Newsgroups</title>
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<indexterm><primary>newsgroups</primary><secondary>Usenet</secondary></indexterm>
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<para>
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If you have access to Usenet news, the following Linux-related newsgroups
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are available:
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<variablelist>
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.announce</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.announce</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A moderated newsgroup containing announcements of new software,
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distributions, bug reports, and goings-on in the Linux community. All
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Linux users should read this group. Submissions may be mailed to
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<systemitem role=emailaddr>linux-announce@news.ornl.gov</systemitem>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.help</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><systemitem
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role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.help</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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General questions and answers about installing or using Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.admin</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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|
<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.admin</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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|
<para>
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Discussions relating to systems administration under Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.networking</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><systemitem
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role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.networking</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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|
Discussions relating to networking with Linux.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.development</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.development</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Discussions about developing the Linux kernel and system itself.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<indexterm><primary>comp.os.linux.misc</primary></indexterm>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>comp.os.linux.misc</systemitem></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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A catch-all newsgroup for miscellaneous discussions that don't
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fall under the previous categories.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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There are also several newsgroups devoted to Linux in languages other
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than English, such as <systemitem
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role=newsgroup>fr.comp.os.linux</systemitem> in French and <systemitem
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role=newsgroup>de.comp.os.linux</systemitem> in German.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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|
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<sect2><title>Linux Mailing Lists</title>
|
|
<para>
|
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<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>mailing lists</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
There is a large number of specialist Linux mailing lists on which you
|
|
will find many people willing to help with questions you might have.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The best-known of these are the lists hosted by Rutgers University.
|
|
You may subscribe to these lists by sending an email message formatted
|
|
as follows:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
To: majordomo@vger.rutgers.edu
|
|
Subject: anything at all
|
|
Body:
|
|
|
|
subscribe <replaceable>listname</replaceable>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Some of the available lists related to Linux networking are:
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>linux-net mailing list</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>linux-net</systemitem></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Discussion relating to Linux networking
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm><primary>linux-ppp mailing list</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>linux-ppp</systemitem></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Discussion relating to the Linux PPP implementation
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm><primary>linux-kernel mailing list</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><systemitem role=newsgroup>linux-kernel</systemitem></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Discussion relating to Linux kernel development
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2><title>Online Linux Support</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>support, online</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>help, online</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>online help</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
There are many ways of obtaining help online, where volunteers
|
|
from around the world offer expertise and services to assist
|
|
users with questions and problems.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>OpenProjects IRC network</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>IRC Network, OpenProjects</primary></indexterm>
|
|
The OpenProjects IRC Network is an IRC network devoted entirely to
|
|
Open Projects—Open Source and Open Hardware alike. Some of its
|
|
channels are designed to provide online Linux support services. IRC
|
|
stands for Internet Relay Chat, and is a network service that allows
|
|
you to talk interactively on the Internet to other users. IRC networks
|
|
support multiple channels on which groups of people talk. Whatever you
|
|
type in a channel is seen by all other users of that channel.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<?troff .hw openprojects>
|
|
There are a number of active channels on the OpenProjects IRC network
|
|
where you will find users 24 hours a day, 7 days a week who are
|
|
willing and able to help you solve any Linux problems you may have, or
|
|
just chat. You can use this service by installing an IRC client like
|
|
<emphasis>irc-II</emphasis>, connecting to servername <systemitem
|
|
role=sitename>irc.openprojects.org:6667</systemitem>, and joining the
|
|
<literal>#linpeople</literal> channel.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2><title>Linux User Groups</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>user groups</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Linux User Groups (LUG)</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>LUG (Linux User Groups)</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
Many Linux User Groups around the world offer direct
|
|
support to users. Many Linux User Groups engage in activities such as
|
|
installation days, talks and seminars, demonstration nights, and other
|
|
completely social events. Linux User Groups are a great way of meeting other
|
|
Linux users in your area. There are a number of published lists of Linux
|
|
User Groups. Some of the better-known ones are:
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry><term>Groups of Linux Users Everywhere</term>
|
|
<listitem><para> <systemitem
|
|
role=url>http://www.ssc.com/glue/groups/</systemitem>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>LUG list project</term> <listitem><para>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.nllgg.nl/lugww/</systemitem>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>LUG registry</term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.linux.org/users/</systemitem>
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2><title>Obtaining Linux</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>code, obtaining for</primary><secondary>Linux network</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Linux</primary><secondary>networks</secondary><tertiary>obtaining code for</tertiary></indexterm>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Linux distributions</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Caldera (Linux distribution)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Corel (Linux distribution)</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Debian (Linux distribution)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>RedHat (Linux distribution)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Slackware (Linux distribution)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>SuSE (Linux distribution)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
|
|
There is no single distribution of the Linux software; instead, there
|
|
are many distributions, such as Debian, RedHat, Caldera, Corel, SuSE,
|
|
and Slackware. Each distribution contains everything you need to run a
|
|
complete Linux system: the kernel, basic utilities, libraries, support
|
|
files, and applications software.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Linux distributions may be obtained via a number of online sources, such as
|
|
the Internet. Each of the major distributions has its own FTP and web site.
|
|
Some of these sites are:
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry><term>Caldera</term> <listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.caldera.com/</systemitem><systemitem
|
|
role=url>ftp://ftp.caldera.com/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>Corel</term> <listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.corel.com/</systemitem><systemitem
|
|
role=url>ftp://ftp.corel.com/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>Debian</term> <listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.debian.org/</systemitem><systemitem
|
|
role=url>ftp://ftp.debian.org/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>RedHat</term>
|
|
<listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.redhat.com/</systemitem><systemitem role=url>ftp://ftp.redhat.com/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>Slackware</term> <listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.slackware.com/</systemitem><systemitem
|
|
role=url>ftp://ftp.slackware.com/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry><term>SuSE</term> <listitem><para><literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>http://www.suse.com/</systemitem><systemitem
|
|
role=url>ftp://ftp.suse.com/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout></para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
Many of the popular general FTP archive sites also mirror various
|
|
Linux distributions. The best-known of these sites are:
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<systemitem
|
|
role=url>metalab.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/distributions/</systemitem>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>ftp.funet.fi:/pub/Linux/mirrors/</systemitem>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/distributions/</systemitem>
|
|
<systemitem role=url>mirror.aarnet.edu.au:/pub/linux/distributions/</systemitem>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
</para>
|
|
<?troff .Nd 7>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Many of the modern distributions can be installed directly from the
|
|
Internet. There is a lot of software to download for a typical
|
|
installation, though, so you'd probably want to do this only if you
|
|
have a high-speed, permanent network connection, or if you just need
|
|
to update an existing installation.<footnote id="X-087-2-FNPR02">
|
|
<para>
|
|
… or you are extremely impatient and know that the 24 hours it
|
|
might take to download the software from the Internet is faster than
|
|
the 72 hours it might take to wait for a CD-ROM to be delivered!
|
|
</para>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Linux may be purchased on CD-ROM from an increasing number of software
|
|
vendors. If your local computer store doesn't have it, perhaps you
|
|
should ask them to stock it! Most of the popular distributions can be
|
|
obtained on CD-ROM. Some vendors produce products containing multiple
|
|
CD-ROMs, each of which provides a different Linux distribution. This
|
|
is an ideal way to try a number of different distributions before you
|
|
settle on your favorite one.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>File System Standards</title>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>File System Standard</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>FSSTND (File System Standard)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>FHS (File Hierarchy Standard)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>standards, filesystem</primary></indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
In the past, one of the problems that afflicted Linux distributions,
|
|
as well as the packages of software running on Linux, was the lack of
|
|
a single accepted filesystem layout. This resulted in
|
|
incompatibilities between different packages, and confronted users and
|
|
administrators with the task of locating various files and programs.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To improve this situation, in August 1993, several people formed the
|
|
Linux File System Standard Group (FSSTND). After six months of
|
|
discussion, the group created a draft that presents a coherent file
|
|
sytem structure and defines the location of the most essential
|
|
programs and configuration files.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This standard was supposed to have been implemented by most major
|
|
Linux distributions and packages. It is a little unfortunate that,
|
|
while most distributions have made some attempt to work toward the
|
|
FSSTND, there is a very small number of distributions that has
|
|
actually adopted it fully. Throughout this book, we will assume that
|
|
any files discussed reside in the location specified by the standard;
|
|
alternative locations will be mentioned only when there is a long
|
|
tradition that conflicts with this specification.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The Linux FSSTND continued to develop, but was replaced by the Linux
|
|
File Hierarchy Standard (FHS) in 1997. The FHS addresses the
|
|
multi-architecture issues that the FSSTND did not. The FHS can be
|
|
obtained from the Linux documentation directory of all major Linux FTP
|
|
sites and their mirrors, or at its home site at <systemitem
|
|
role=url>http://www.pathname.com/fhs/</systemitem>. Daniel Quinlan,
|
|
the coordinator of the FHS group, can be reached at <systemitem
|
|
role=emailaddr>quinlan@transmeta.com</systemitem>.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Standard Linux Base</title>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Linux Standard Base (LSB)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>LSB (Linux Standard Base)</primary></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Linux distributions</primary><secondary>standard base</secondary></indexterm>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The vast number of different Linux distributions, while providing lots of
|
|
healthy choice for Linux users, has created a problem for software
|
|
developers—particularly developers of non-free software.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Each distribution packages and supplies certain base libraries,
|
|
configuration tools, system applications, and configuration
|
|
files. Unfortunately, differences in their versions, names, and
|
|
locations make it very difficult to know what will exist on any
|
|
distribution. This makes it hard to develop binary applications that
|
|
will work reliably on all Linux distribution bases.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To help overcome this problem, a new project sprang up called the
|
|
“Linux Standard Base.” It aims to describe a standard base
|
|
distribution that complying distributions will use. If a developer
|
|
designs an application to work against the standard base platform, the
|
|
application will work, and be portable to, any complying Linux
|
|
distribution.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can find information on the status of the Linux Standard Base
|
|
project at its home web site at <systemitem role=url>
|
|
http://www.linuxbase.org/</systemitem>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If you're concerned about interoperability, particularly of software
|
|
from commercial vendors, you should ensure that your Linux
|
|
distribution is making an effort to participate in the standardization
|
|
project.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>About This Book</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When Olaf joined the Linux Documentation Project in 1992, he wrote two
|
|
small chapters on UUCP and <command>smail</command>, which he meant to
|
|
contribute to the System Administrator's Guide. Development of TCP/IP
|
|
networking was just beginning, and when those “small chapters”
|
|
started to grow, he wondered aloud whether it would be nice to have a
|
|
Networking Guide. “Great!” everyone said. “Go for it!”
|
|
So he went for it and wrote the first version of the Networking Guide, which
|
|
was released in September 1993.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Skahan, Vince</primary></indexterm> Olaf continued
|
|
work on the Networking Guide and eventually produced a much enhanced
|
|
version of the guide. Vince Skahan contributed the original
|
|
<command>sendmail</command> mail chapter, which was completely
|
|
replaced in this edition because of a new interface to the
|
|
<command>sendmail</command> configuration.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The version of the guide that you are reading now is a revision and
|
|
update prompted by O'Reilly & Associates and undertaken by Terry
|
|
Dawson.<footnote id="X-087-2-FNPR04"><para> Terry Dawson can be
|
|
reached at <systemitem role=emailaddr>terry@linux.org.au</systemitem>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
Terry has been an amateur radio operator for over 20 years and has
|
|
worked in the telecommunications industry for over 15 of those. He was
|
|
co-author of the original NET-FAQ, and has since authored and
|
|
maintained various networking-related HOWTO documents. Terry has
|
|
always been an enthusiastic supporter of the Network Administrators
|
|
Guide project, and added a few new chapters to this version describing
|
|
features of Linux networking that have been developed since the first
|
|
edition, plus a bunch of changes to bring the rest of the book up to
|
|
date.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>Hazel, Philip</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
|
|
The <command>exim</command> chapter was contributed by
|
|
Philip Hazel,<footnote id="X-087-2-FNPR05"><para>
|
|
Philip Hazel can be reached at
|
|
<systemitem role=emailaddr>ph10@cus.cam.ac.uk</systemitem>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
who is a lead developer and maintainer of the package.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The book is organized roughly along the sequence of steps you have to
|
|
take to configure your system for networking. It starts by discussing
|
|
basic concepts of networks, and TCP/IP-based networks in particular.
|
|
It then slowly works its way up from configuring TCP/IP at the device
|
|
level to firewall, accounting, and masquerade configuration, to the
|
|
setup of common applications such as <command>rlogin</command> and
|
|
friends, the Network File System, and the Network Information
|
|
System. This is followed by a chapter on how to set up your machine as
|
|
a UUCP node. Most of the remaining sections is dedicated to two major
|
|
applications that run on top of TCP/IP and UUCP: electronic mail and
|
|
news. A special chapter has been devoted to the IPX protocol and the
|
|
NCP filesystem, because these are used in many corporate environments
|
|
where Linux is finding a home.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The email part features an introduction to the more intimate parts of
|
|
mail transport and routing, and the myriad of addressing schemes you
|
|
may be confronted with. It describes the configuration and management
|
|
of <command>exim</command>, a mail transport agent ideal for use in most
|
|
situations not requiring UUCP, and <command>sendmail</command>, which is for
|
|
people who have to do more complicated routing involving UUCP.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The news part gives you an overview of how Usenet news works. It covers
|
|
INN and C News, the two most widely used news transport software packages
|
|
at the moment, and the use of NNTP to provide newsreading access to a local
|
|
network. The book closes with a chapter on the care and feeding of the most
|
|
popular newsreaders on Linux.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Of course, a book can never exhaustively answer all questions you
|
|
might have. So if you follow the instructions in this book and
|
|
something still does not work, please be patient. Some of your
|
|
problems may be due to mistakes on our part (see the section <xref
|
|
linkend="X-087-2-submitchanges">", later in this Preface), but they also may be caused by changes
|
|
in the networking software. Therefore, you should check the listed
|
|
information resources first. There's a good chance that you are not
|
|
alone with your problems, so a fix or at least a proposed workaround
|
|
is likely to be known. If you have the opportunity, you should also
|
|
try to get the latest kernel and network release from one of the Linux
|
|
FTP sites or a BBS near you. Many problems are caused by software
|
|
from different stages of development, which fail to work together
|
|
properly. After all, Linux is a “work in progress.”
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>The Official Printed Version</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In Autumn 1993, Andy Oram, who had been around the LDP mailing list
|
|
from almost the very beginning, asked Olaf about publishing this book
|
|
at O'Reilly & Associates. He was excited about this book, never having
|
|
imagined that it would become this successful. He and Andy
|
|
finally agreed that O'Reilly would produce an enhanced Official
|
|
Printed Version of the Networking Guide, while Olaf retained the
|
|
original copyright so that the source of the book could be freely
|
|
distributed. This means that you can choose freely: you can get the
|
|
various free forms of the document from your nearest Linux
|
|
Documentation Project mirror site and print it out, or you can
|
|
purchase the official printed version from O'Reilly.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Why, then, would you want to pay money for something you can get for
|
|
free? Is Tim O'Reilly out of his mind for publishing something
|
|
everyone can print and even sell themselves?<footnote
|
|
id="X-087-2-FNPR06"><para> Note that while you are allowed to print
|
|
out the online version, you may <emphasis>not</emphasis> run the
|
|
O'Reilly book through a photocopier, much less sell any of its
|
|
(hypothetical) copies.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</footnote>
|
|
Is there any difference between these versions?
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The answers are “it depends,” “no, definitely not,”
|
|
and “yes and no.” O'Reilly & Associates does take a risk in
|
|
publishing the Networking Guide, and it seems to have paid off for them
|
|
(they've asked us to do it again). We believe this project serves as a fine
|
|
example of how the free software world and companies can cooperate to produce
|
|
something both can benefit from. In our view, the great service O'Reilly is
|
|
providing to the Linux community (apart from the book becoming readily
|
|
available in your local bookstore) is that it has helped Linux become
|
|
recognized as something to be taken seriously: a viable and useful alternative
|
|
to other commercial operating systems. It's a sad technical bookstore
|
|
that doesn't have at least one shelf stacked with O'Reilly Linux books.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Why are they publishing it? They see it as their
|
|
kind of book. It's what they'd hope to produce if they contracted with
|
|
an author to write about Linux. The pace, level of detail, and style
|
|
fit in well with their other offerings.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The point of the LDP license is to make sure no one gets shut out. Other
|
|
people can print out copies of this book, and no one will blame you if you
|
|
get one of these copies. But if you haven't gotten a chance to see the
|
|
O'Reilly version, try to get to a bookstore or look at a friend's copy. We
|
|
think you'll like what you see, and will want to buy it for yourself.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
So what about the differences between the printed and online versions?
|
|
Andy Oram has made great efforts at transforming our ramblings into
|
|
something actually worth printing. (He has also reviewed a few other
|
|
books produced by the Linux Documentation Project, contributing
|
|
whatever professional skills he can to the Linux community.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Since Andy started reviewing the Networking Guide and editing the
|
|
copies sent to him, the book has improved vastly from its original
|
|
form, and with every round of submission and feedback it improves
|
|
again. The opportunity to take advantage of a professional editor's
|
|
skill is one not to be wasted. In many ways, Andy's contribution has
|
|
been as important as that of the authors. The same is also true of
|
|
the copyeditors, who got the book into the shape you see now. All
|
|
these edits have been fed back into the online version, so there is no
|
|
difference in content.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Still, the O'Reilly version <emphasis>will</emphasis> be different. It
|
|
will be professionally bound, and while you may go to the trouble to
|
|
print the free version, it is unlikely that you will get the same
|
|
quality result, and even then it is more unlikely that you'll do it for
|
|
the price. <?troff .ne 7>Secondly, our amateurish attempts at illustration will have
|
|
been replaced with nicely redone figures by O'Reilly's professional
|
|
artists. Indexers have generated an improved index, which makes
|
|
locating information in the book a much simpler process. If this book
|
|
is something you intend to read from start to finish, you should
|
|
consider reading the official printed version.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="X-087-2-intro.outlook"><title>Overview</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-intro">, discusses the history of Linux and
|
|
covers basic networking information on UUCP, TCP/IP, various
|
|
protocols, hardware, and security. The next few chapters deal with
|
|
configuring Linux for TCP/IP networking and running some major
|
|
applications. We examine IP a little more closely in <xref
|
|
linkend="X-087-2-issues">, before getting our hands dirty with file
|
|
editing and the like. If you already know how IP routing works and how
|
|
address resolution is performed, you can skip this chapter.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-hardware">, deals with very basic configuration issues,
|
|
such as building a kernel and setting up your Ethernet card. The
|
|
configuration of your serial ports is covered separately in
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-serial">, because the discussion does not apply
|
|
to TCP/IP networking only, but is also relevant for UUCP.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-iface">, helps you set up your machine for TCP/IP
|
|
networking. It contains installation hints for standalone hosts with
|
|
loopback enabled only, and hosts connected to an Ethernet. It also
|
|
introduces you to a few useful tools you can use to test and debug your
|
|
setup. <xref linkend="X-087-2-resolv">, discusses how to configure hostname
|
|
resolution and explains how to set up a name server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-slip">, explains how to establish SLIP connections
|
|
and gives a detailed reference for <command>dip</command>, a tool that
|
|
allows you to automate most of the necessary steps.
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-ppp">, covers PPP and <command>pppd</command>,
|
|
the PPP daemon.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-firewall">, extends our discussion on network
|
|
security and describes the Linux TCP/IP firewall and its configuration
|
|
tools: <command>ipfwadm</command>, <command>ipchains</command>, and
|
|
<command>iptables</command>. IP firewalling provides a means of
|
|
controlling who can access your network and hosts very precisely.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-accounting">, explains how to configure IP Accounting
|
|
in Linux so you can keep track of how much traffic is going where and who is
|
|
generating it.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-ipmasq">, covers a feature of the Linux
|
|
networking software called IP masquerade, which allows whole IP
|
|
networks to connect to and use the Internet through a single IP
|
|
address, hiding internal systems from outsiders in the process.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-appl">, gives a short introduction to setting up some
|
|
of the most important network applications, such as <command>rlogin</command>,
|
|
<command>ssh</command>, etc. This chapter also covers how services are managed
|
|
by the <command>inetd</command> superuser, and how you may restrict certain
|
|
security-relevant services to a set of trusted hosts.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-nis">, and <xref linkend="X-087-2-nfs">,
|
|
discuss NIS and NFS. NIS is a tool used to distribute administative
|
|
information, such as user passwords in a local area network. NFS
|
|
allows you to share filesystems between several hosts in your network.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
In <xref linkend="X-087-2-ipx">, we discuss the IPX protocol and the NCP
|
|
filesystem. These allow Linux to be integrated into a Novell NetWare
|
|
environment, sharing files and printers with non-Linux machines.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-uucp">, gives you an extensive introduction to the
|
|
administration of Taylor UUCP, a free implementation of the UUCP suite.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The remainder of the book is taken up by a detailed tour of electronic
|
|
mail and Usenet news. <xref linkend="X-087-2-mail">, introduces you to the
|
|
central concepts of electronic mail, like what a mail address looks like, and
|
|
how the mail handling system manages to get your message to the
|
|
recipient.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-sendmail">, and <xref linkend="X-087-2-exim">, cover
|
|
the configuration of <command>sendmail</command> and <command>exim</command>,
|
|
two mail transport agents you can use for Linux. This book explains both
|
|
of them, because <command>exim</command> is easier to install for the
|
|
beginner, while <command>sendmail</command> provides support for UUCP.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-news">, through <xref linkend="X-087-2-inn">,
|
|
explain the way news is managed in Usenet and how you install and use
|
|
C News, <command>nntpd</command>, and INN: three popular software
|
|
packages for managing Usenet news. After the brief introduction in
|
|
<xref linkend="X-087-2-news">, you can read <xref
|
|
linkend="X-087-2-cnews">, if you want to transfer news using C News, a
|
|
traditional service generally used with UUCP. The following chapters
|
|
discuss more modern alternatives to C News that use the Internet-based
|
|
protocol NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol). <xref
|
|
linkend="X-087-2-nntp"> covers how to set up a simple NNTP daemon,
|
|
<command>nntpd</command>, to provide news reading access for a local
|
|
network, while <xref linkend="X-087-2-inn"> describes a more robust
|
|
server for more extensive NetNews transfers, the InterNet News daemon
|
|
(INN). And finally, <xref linkend="X-087-2-newsreaders">, shows you
|
|
how to configure and maintain various newsreaders.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Conventions Used in This Book</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
All examples presented in this book assume you are using a
|
|
<command>sh</command> compatible shell. The <command>bash</command> shell
|
|
is <command>sh</command> compatible and is the standard shell of all Linux
|
|
distributions. If you happen to be a <command>csh</command> user, you will
|
|
have to make appropriate adjustments.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The following is a list of the typographical conventions
|
|
used in this book:</para>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis>Italic</emphasis></>
|
|
<listitem><para>Used for file and directory names,
|
|
program and command names, command-line options, email addresses and
|
|
pathnames, URLs, and for emphasizing new terms.</para></>
|
|
</>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><emphasis role=bold>Boldface</emphasis></> <listitem><para>Used for machine names, hostnames, site names, usernames and IDs, and for occasional emphasis.</></>
|
|
</>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><literal>Constant Width</literal></>
|
|
<listitem><para>Used in examples to show the contents of
|
|
code files or the output from commands and to indicate environment
|
|
variables and keywords that appear in code.</para></>
|
|
</>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><replaceable>Constant Width Italic</replaceable></>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Used to indicate variable options, keywords, or text that the user is to
|
|
replace with an actual value.
|
|
</para></>
|
|
</>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><userinput>Constant Width Bold</userinput></term>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
Used in examples to show commands or other text that should be typed
|
|
literally by the user.
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<warning>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Text appearing in this manner offers a warning. You can make a
|
|
mistake here that hurts your system or is hard to recover from.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</warning>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="X-087-2-submitchanges"><title>Submitting Changes</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
We have tested and verified the information in this book to the best of our
|
|
ability, but you may find that features have changed (or even that we have
|
|
made mistakes!). Please let us know about any errors you find, as well as
|
|
your suggestions for future editions, by writing to:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
|
|
101 Morris Street
|
|
Sebastopol, CA 95472
|
|
1-800-998-9938 (in the U.S. or Canada)
|
|
1-707-829-0515 (international or local)
|
|
1-707-829-0104 (FAX)
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<?troff .Nd 7>
|
|
<para>
|
|
You can send us messages electronically. To be put on the mailing list
|
|
or request a catalog, send email to:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<emphasis>info@oreilly.com</emphasis>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To ask technical questions or comment on the book, send email to:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<emphasis>bookquestions@oreilly.com</emphasis>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
We have a web site for the book, where we'll list examples, errata,
|
|
and any plans for future editions. You can access this page at:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<emphasis>http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linag2</emphasis>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
For more information about this book and others, see the O'Reilly
|
|
web site:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout>
|
|
<emphasis>http://www.oreilly.com</emphasis>
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1><title>Acknowledgments</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This edition of the Networking Guide owes almost everything to the
|
|
outstanding work of Olaf and Vince. It is difficult to appreciate the
|
|
effort that goes into researching and writing a book of this nature
|
|
until you've had a chance to work on one yourself. Updating the book
|
|
was a challenging task, but with an excellent base to work from, it
|
|
was an enjoyable one.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This book owes very much to the numerous people who took the time to
|
|
proof-read it and help iron out many mistakes, both technical and
|
|
grammatical (never knew that there was such a thing as a dangling
|
|
participle). Phil Hughes, John Macdonald, and Erik Ratcliffe all
|
|
provided very helpful (and on the whole, quite consistent) feedback on
|
|
the content of the book.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
We also owe many thanks to the people at O'Reilly we've had the
|
|
pleasure to work with: Sarah Jane Shangraw, who got the book into the
|
|
shape you can see now; Maureen Dempsey, who copyedited the text; Rob
|
|
Romano, Rhon Porter, and Chris Reilley, who created all the figures;
|
|
Hanna Dyer, who designed the cover; Alicia Cech, David Futato, and
|
|
Jennifer Niedherst for the internal layout; Lars Kaufman for
|
|
suggesting old woodcuts as a visual theme; Judy Hoer for the index;
|
|
and finally, Tim O'Reilly for the courage to take up such a project.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
We are greatly indebted to Andres Sepúlveda, Wolfgang Michaelis,
|
|
Michael K. Johnson, and all developers who spared the time to check
|
|
the information provided in the Networking Guide. Phil Hughes, John
|
|
MacDonald, and Eric Ratcliffe contributed invaluable comments on the
|
|
second edition. We also wish to thank all those who read the first version
|
|
of the Networking Guide and sent corrections and suggestions. You can find
|
|
a hopefully complete list of contributors in the file
|
|
<filename>Thanks</filename> in the online distribution. Finally, this book
|
|
would not have been possible without the support of Holger Grothe, who
|
|
provided Olaf with the Internet connectivity he needed to make the original
|
|
version happen.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Olaf would also like to thank the following groups and companies that
|
|
printed the first edition of the Networking Guide and have donated
|
|
money either to him or to the Linux Documentation Project as a whole:
|
|
Linux Support Team, Erlangen, Germany; S.u.S.E. GmbH, Fuerth, Germany;
|
|
and Linux System Labs, Inc., Clinton Twp., United States, RedHat
|
|
Software, North Carolina, United States.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Terry thanks his wife, Maggie, who patiently supported him throughout
|
|
his participation in the project despite the challenges presented by
|
|
the birth of their first child, Jack. Additionally, he thanks the
|
|
<emphasis>many</emphasis> people of the Linux community who either
|
|
nurtured or suffered him to the point at which he could actually take
|
|
part and actively contribute. “I'll help you if you promise to
|
|
help someone else in return.”
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect2><title>The Hall of Fame</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Besides those we have already mentioned, a large number of people have
|
|
contributed to the Networking Guide, by reviewing it and sending us
|
|
corrections and suggestions. We are very grateful.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here is a list of those whose contributions left a trace in our mail folders.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Al Longyear, Alan Cox, Andres Sepúlveda, Ben Cooper, Cameron Spitzer,
|
|
Colin McCormack, D.J. Roberts, Emilio Lopes, Fred N. van Kempen, Gert
|
|
Doering, Greg Hankins, Heiko Eissfeldt, J.P. Szikora, Johannes Stille,
|
|
Karl Eichwalder, Les Johnson, Ludger Kunz, Marc van Diest, Michael
|
|
K. Johnson, Michael Nebel, Michael Wing, Mitch D'Souza, Paul
|
|
Gortmaker, Peter Brouwer, Peter Eriksson, Phil Hughes, Raul Deluth
|
|
Miller, Rich Braun, Rick Sladkey, Ronald Aarts, Swen Thüemmler,
|
|
Terry Dawson, Thomas Quinot, and Yury Shevchuk.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<indexterm><primary>electronic mail</primary><see>email</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>mail</primary><see>email</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>news (Usenet)</primary><see>news (network); Usenet</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>TCP/IP</secondary><see>TCP/IP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>LANs</primary><see>Local Area Networks</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Internet Protocol</primary><see>IP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Transmission Control Protocol</primary><see>TCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>routing</primary><secondary>IP</secondary><tertiary>datagrams</tertiary><see>IP, routing</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>serial line IP</primary><see>SLIP; PPP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Compressed Serial Line IP</primary><see>CSLIP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Point-to-Point Protocol</primary><see>PPP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>connections</secondary><see>networks, ports</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>interfaces</secondary><see>interfaces</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>access network hardware</primary><see>interfaces</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>default IP route</primary><see>IP (Internet Protocol), default route</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Address Resolution Protocol</primary><see>ARP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Reverse Address Resolution Protocol</primary><see>RARP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Internet Control Message Protocol</primary><see>ICMP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Domain Name System</primary><see>DNS</see></indexterm>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>zones, DNS</primary><see>DNS, zones</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>DNS (Domain Name System)</primary><secondary>RR</secondary><see>DNS, resource record</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>IP (Internet Protocol)</primary><secondary>parallel line</secondary><see>PLIP (Parallel Line IP) protocol</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>IP (Internet Protocol)</primary><secondary>serial line</secondary><see>SLIP (Serial Line IP) protocol</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Parallel Line IP</primary><see>PLIP (Parallel Line IP) protocol</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Berkeley Internet Name Domain</primary><see>BIND</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Serial Line Internet protocols</primary><seeALSO>SLIP; PPP</seeALSO></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Link Control Protocol</primary><see>LCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Password Authentication Protocol</primary><see>PAP</see></indexterm>
|
|
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Internet Protocol Control Protocol</primary><see>IPCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>interconnecting</secondary><see>internetworking</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>UUCP</secondary><see>UUCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>networks</primary><secondary>services</secondary><see>ports</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Remote Procedure Call</primary><see>RPC</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Network Information System</primary><see>NIS</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Network File System</primary><see>NFS</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>UUCP</primary><secondary>Taylor</secondary><see>Taylor UUCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Basic Networking Utilities</primary><see>Taylor UUCP, HDB</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>HoneyDanBer</primary><see>Taylor UUCP, HDB</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>HDB</primary><see>Taylor UUCP, HDB</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>BNU (Basic Networking Utilities)</primary><see>Taylor UUCP, HDB</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)</primary><see>SMTP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>routing</primary><secondary>email</secondary><see>email, routing</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>email</primary><secondary>Exim</secondary><seeALSO>Exim</seeALSO></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>configuring</primary><secondary>Exim</secondary><see>Exim</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>network news</primary><see>news (network)</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Network News Transfer Protocol</primary><see>NNTP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>news, C</primary><see>C News</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>news (network)</primary><secondary>C release</secondary><see>C News</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Trivial File Transfer Protocol</primary><see>TFTP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>filtering</primary><seeALSO>masquerade</seeALSO></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Unix-to-Unix Copy</primary><see>UUCP</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Netnews</primary><see>news (network); Usenet</see></indexterm>
|
|
<indexterm><primary>Internet News</primary><see>INN (Internet News)</see></indexterm>
|
|
|
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</sect1>
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</preface>
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<?troff .BLANK>
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