mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
347 lines
12 KiB
XML
347 lines
12 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-binutils" role="wrap">
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<?dbhtml filename="binutils.html"?>
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<sect1info condition="script">
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<productname>binutils</productname>
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<productnumber>&binutils-version;</productnumber>
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<address>&binutils-url;</address>
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</sect1info>
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<title>Binutils-&binutils-version;</title>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils">
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<primary sortas="a-Binutils">Binutils</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<sect2 role="package">
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<title/>
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<para>The Binutils package contains a linker, an assembler, and other
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tools for handling object files.</para>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
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<segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>&binutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
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<seg>&binutils-ch6-du;</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 role="installation">
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<title>Installation of Binutils</title>
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<para>Verify that the PTYs are working properly inside the chroot
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environment by performing a simple test:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">expect -c "spawn ls"</userinput></screen>
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<para>This command should output the following:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>spawn ls</computeroutput></screen>
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<para>If, instead, the output includes the message below, then the environment
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is not set up for proper PTY operation. This issue needs to be resolved before
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running the test suites for Binutils and GCC:</para>
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<screen><computeroutput>The system has no more ptys.
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Ask your system administrator to create more.</computeroutput></screen>
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<!--
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<para>Fix some LTO tests in the test suite:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-lto-testsuite-patch;</userinput></screen>
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<para>Enable binutils to recognize multiple plugins:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&binutils-multiple-plugins-patch;</userinput></screen>
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-->
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<para>The Binutils documentation recommends building Binutils outside of the
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source directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../binutils-build
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cd ../binutils-build</userinput></screen>
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<para>Prepare Binutils for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="configure">../binutils-&binutils-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
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--enable-shared \
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--disable-werror</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="make">make tooldir=/usr</userinput></screen>
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<variablelist>
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<title>The meaning of the make parameter:</title>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><parameter>tooldir=/usr</parameter></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Normally, the tooldir (the directory where the executables will
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ultimately be located) is set to <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename>. For
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example, x86_64 machines would expand that to <filename
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class="directory">/usr/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu</filename>. Because this is
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a custom system, this target-specific directory in <filename
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class="directory">/usr</filename> is not required. <filename
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class="directory">$(exec_prefix)/$(target_alias)</filename> would be
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used if the system was used to cross-compile (for example, compiling a
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package on an Intel machine that generates code that can be executed
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on PowerPC machines).</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<important>
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<para>The test suite for Binutils in this section is considered critical.
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Do not skip it under any circumstances.</para>
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</important>
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<para>Test the results:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="test">make check</userinput></screen>
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<para>Install the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput remap="install">make tooldir=/usr install</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="contents-binutils" role="content">
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<title>Contents of Binutils</title>
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<segmentedlist>
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<segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
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<segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
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<seglistitem>
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<seg>addr2line, ar, as, c++filt, elfedit, gprof, ld, ld.bfd, nm,
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objcopy, objdump, ranlib, readelf, size, strings, and strip</seg>
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<seg>libbfd.{a,so} and libopcodes.{a,so}</seg>
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<seg>/usr/lib/ldscripts</seg>
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</seglistitem>
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</segmentedlist>
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<variablelist>
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<bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
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<?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
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<?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
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<varlistentry id="addr2line">
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<term><command>addr2line</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates program addresses to file names and line numbers;
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given an address and the name of an executable, it uses the debugging
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information in the executable to determine which source file and line
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number are associated with the address</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils addr2line">
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<primary sortas="b-addr2line">addr2line</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ar">
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<term><command>ar</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Creates, modifies, and extracts from archives</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ar">
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<primary sortas="b-ar">ar</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="as">
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<term><command>as</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>An assembler that assembles the output of <command>gcc</command>
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into object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils as">
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<primary sortas="b-as">as</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="c-filt">
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<term><command>c++filt</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Used by the linker to de-mangle C++ and Java symbols and to keep
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overloaded functions from clashing</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils c-filt">
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<primary sortas="b-c++filt">c++filt</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="elfedit">
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<term><command>elfedit</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Updates the ELF header of ELF files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils elfedit">
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<primary sortas="b-elfedit">elfedit</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="gprof">
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<term><command>gprof</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays call graph profile data</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils gprof">
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<primary sortas="b-gprof">gprof</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld">
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<term><command>ld</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A linker that combines a number of object and archive files
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into a single file, relocating their data and tying up symbol
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references</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld">
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<primary sortas="b-ld">ld</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ld.bfd">
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<term><command>ld.bfd</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Hard link to <command>ld</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ld.bfd">
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<primary sortas="b-ld.bfd">ld.bfd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="nm">
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<term><command>nm</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the symbols occurring in a given object file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils nm">
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<primary sortas="b-nm">nm</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objcopy">
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<term><command>objcopy</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Translates one type of object file into another</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objcopy">
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<primary sortas="b-objcopy">objcopy</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="objdump">
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<term><command>objdump</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about the given object file, with options
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controlling the particular information to display; the information
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shown is useful to programmers who are working on the compilation
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tools</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils objdump">
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<primary sortas="b-objdump">objdump</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="ranlib">
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<term><command>ranlib</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Generates an index of the contents of an archive and stores it
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in the archive; the index lists all of the symbols defined by archive
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members that are relocatable object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils ranlib">
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<primary sortas="b-ranlib">ranlib</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="readelf">
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<term><command>readelf</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Displays information about ELF type binaries</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils readelf">
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<primary sortas="b-readelf">readelf</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="size">
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<term><command>size</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Lists the section sizes and the total size for the given
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object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils size">
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<primary sortas="b-size">size</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strings">
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<term><command>strings</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Outputs, for each given file, the sequences of printable
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characters that are of at least the specified length (defaulting to
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four); for object files, it prints, by default, only the strings from
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the initializing and loading sections while for other types of files, it
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scans the entire file</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strings">
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<primary sortas="b-strings">strings</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="strip">
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<term><command>strip</command></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Discards symbols from object files</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils strip">
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<primary sortas="b-strip">strip</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libbfd">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libbfd</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The Binary File Descriptor library</para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libbfd">
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<primary sortas="c-libbfd">libbfd</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry id="libopcodes">
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<term><filename class="libraryfile">libopcodes</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>A library for dealing with opcodes—the <quote>readable
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text</quote> versions of instructions for the processor;
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it is used for building utilities like
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<command>objdump</command></para>
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<indexterm zone="ch-system-binutils libopcodes">
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<primary sortas="c-libopcodes">libopcodes</primary>
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</indexterm>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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