mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
862 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
862 lines
36 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<article>
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<title>Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
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<author>Miroslav Skoric, <tt/m.skoric@eunet.yu/
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<date>v2.3, 05 November 2000
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<abstract>
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<nidx>windows nt</nidx>
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This mini-HOWTO covers some ways on how to install both Linux
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and Windows NT on the same computer and how to boot either of
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them from within LILO menu. There is also another mini-HOWTO
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"Linux+NT-Loader" that covers how to boot either of them from
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within NT Loader menu.
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</abstract>
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<sect>INTRODUCTION
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<p>
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Bill Wohler wrote in v1.1 of The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO:
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<p>
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<em>"Due to hardware or software problems or user headroom, I pulled my
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hair out for several days trying to get both NT and Linux happily
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settled on my new HP Vectra PC at work."</em>
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I could say that was true in my case too, but you <bf/really/ have
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a way to make both Linux and Windows NT co-existing on the same
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machine and to switch from one of them to another.
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<p>
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<em>"Under no circumstances run the Disk Administrator from NT 3.51 to
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format partitions. It asks if it can write a signature "which will
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cause absolutely no harm." When it did this, it hosed my partition
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table until fixed by steps 3 and 7 below. Because of these
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problems, I was limited to one FAT NT partition. Also remember that
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even if you do get the Disk Administrator to work, you'll want at
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least one small FAT partition to use as a staging area for
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exchanging files between Linux and NT until Linux has an NTFS
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filesystem."</em>
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Well, NT's Disk Administrator is sufficient tool to check what
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situation on your hard disk(s) you have, before and after you used
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an utility called Partition Magic by Power Quest. This utility
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might be needed to 'shrink' your NT (either NTFS or FAT) partition,
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in order to get some free space for your further Linux' partitions.
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(After a while, I recognized that 'shrinking' used partition
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might not be needed. Actually, if you start from 'scratch', it
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might be the best way to re-format your whole disk(s) using
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<bf>FDISK</bf> command. You should make a DOS boot floppy diskete
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where DOS commands FDISK and FORMAT have to be also copied.
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More details later...)
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<em>"I installed Linux first and then NT, but based on my experience, I
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might now be able to install NT first and then Linux."</em>
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Of course you all are able to install Windows NT first and after that
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Linux. We'll see how to do that and how to use <bf/LILO/ (<bf/Li/nux
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<bf/Lo/ader) to choose which operating system to boot. But, before that
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we'll see the procedure that Bill Wohler, the previous maintainer of
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this mini-HOWTO, has been using:
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<sect>HOW TO INSTALL: LINUX <em>FIRST</em>, WINDOWS NT <em>AFTER</em>
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<p>
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1. Install a minimal Linux (hold off on installing the rest until
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you win the Linux/NT battle). Do all your disk partitioning in
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Linux, including your NT partition (make it FAT). I was not
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successful at making more than one NT partition. I also made it the
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first partition, but I don't know if that is essential or not.
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<p>
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2. Edit <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt> and use <bf>boot=/dev/sda</bf> (I
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was not successful
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at installing LILO on the Linux partition--/dev/sda3 in my case) and
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run "lilo". You'll have to use the editor ae. You'll live.
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<p>
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3. Save the MBR with this: <bf>dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1</bf>
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Use a floppy. Trust me. Also do this each time you change the disk
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partition table.
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<p>
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4. Install NT, part 1. When it goes to reboot halfway through the
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process you'll boot into Linux.
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<p>
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5. Add NT stanza to /etc/lilo.conf, e.g.:
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<tt>other=/dev/sda1
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label=NT
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table=/dev/sda</tt>
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and run lilo. If lilo complains about this (I forget the message),
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add the "linear" flag to /etc/lilo.conf near the "compact" keyword.
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Furthermore, if your partition table is screwed up by NT you'll
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either need to use "ignore-table" or follow the directions in Step 7.
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See also "fix-table". The LILO HOWTO is your friend.
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<p>
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6. Reboot, select NT from LILO, and finish NT install. You'll need
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the "Boot Disk XU, HP Vectra AIC 7880 Driver A.01.02" floppy to
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install the ethernet drivers and the "XU/VT Drivers and
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Documentation" CD (directory video/disk4 if I recall correctly) to
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install the video drivers for the Matrox MGA Millennium.
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<p>
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7. Back to Linux, run fdisk and ensure you don't get "partition
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doesn't end on cylinder boundary" on your Linux partitions. You'll
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still have this error on the NT partition though, but this seems to
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be OK.
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<p>
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/dev/sda1 1 1 322 329301 6 DOS 16-bit >=32M
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Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary:
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phys=(321, 39, 9) should be (321, 63, 32)
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Cfdisk reports strangeness, but it seems OK:
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Unusable 0.04*
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/dev/sda1 Primary DOS 16-bit >=32Mb 321.59*
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Unusable 0.39*
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<p>
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If you do get the cylinder boundary warning on your Linux
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partitions, it is sufficient to use cfdisk to do something innocuous
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like changing the boot sector.
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<p>
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If, however, NT has really screwed you over and cfdisk can't even
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run, complaining that it cannot open /dev/sda, then you'll need to
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take more extreme action. You'll need that MBR you saved
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previously. Clear and restore the MBR (but not the signature) with:
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<p>
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<bf>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1
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dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/sda bs=510 count=1</bf>
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<p>
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8. Install the rest of Linux. Easy, huh?
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If you prefer to have NT write the MBR instead of LILO, you may have
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to resort to the following to clear the MBR first:
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<itemize>
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<item><bf>dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=446 count=1</bf> (in Linux) or perform
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a low-level format with the SCSI utilities. I've heard that a
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low-level format of an IDE disk is fatal, so don't do it.
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<item><bf>fdisk /mbr</bf> (you've obviously already created a DOS boot
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disk that contains fdisk).
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<item>delete NT partition and create it again in NT install.
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<item>continue with NT install.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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Epilogue: After first posting this message, I heard from several
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folks that they had no problems with NT's Disk Administrator, and
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were able to install either NT or Linux first without any problems.
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Hopefully, you'll be in this camp, but if not, perhaps this campfire
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story will be of some use.
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<p>
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Since the first edition of this mini-HOWTO, others have written
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similar documents as well. Please be sure to consult them. If your
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experience differs from any presented, then you should submit your
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own mini-HOWTO or submit a revised version of this document to the
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HOWTO maintainer (reference this sentence) and send a carbon copy to
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me as I don't have the time to maintain this document. Someone
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should eventually combine all of these documents into a single
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coherent HOWTO.
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<p>
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Finally, I'm afraid this document details all I know about this
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subject. I should point you to an appropriate Linux newsgroup for
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further information. I use NT about one day a year. Under duress.
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<sect>HOW TO INSTALL: WINDOWS NT <em>FIRST</em>, LINUX <em>AFTER</em>
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<p>
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<sect1>If you have <em>only one</em> IDE hard disk
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
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Windows NT 4.0 on your hard disk. I suppose that you already
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made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
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shouldn't be a problem. During the NT installation, setup is
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not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
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would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your hard
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disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
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the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
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Lilo), so I would suggest you (<em>before</em> installation of NT) to
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boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
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of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command:
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<bf>fdisk /mbr</bf> and restart the computer again (without
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that floppy).
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<p>
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<item>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
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it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
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disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
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So, it is advisible to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
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in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
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you will install your Linux. After you have your NT configured
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and running, you have to boot your computer using a floppy
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diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest. It is a
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graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
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have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
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partitions but <em>not</em> to destroy your existing data. One of the
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available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
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so to get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
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Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
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changes to the partitions, I usually practise to 'shrink' NT's
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partition(s) before I install anything else onto this NT (so, if
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needed, a repetitive NT re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
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Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
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familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
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FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
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or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
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choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
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or at the end of your disk (I usually choose NT to be at the
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beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
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space'). After the 'shrinkin' is finished, you may re-boot your
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NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
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Explorer or Disk Administrator for that.
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<p>
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<item>As it was said in Introduction, it might <em>not</em> be needed
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always to use such tools like Partition Magic. It is better to say
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that this tool is of a great value in all those cases you have been
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running Windows NT for a long time, so you don't want to start
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from 'scratch'. For example, you are fully satisfied with your
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beloved NT and related applications. You are not likely to kill
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NT, but you have recognized that you have enough <em>unused</em>
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space on NT's partition(s) (i.e. NT's partition(s) might look not
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much populated). That case, Partition Magic is your choice.
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But, if you do start from the beginning, or you don't mind
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re-formatting the disk, it might be suitable to get a blank
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floppy diskette, make it to be DOS bootable and copy two DOS
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tools on it: FDISK and FORMAT. So, restart your computer with
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such floppy and at <bf>A:\</bf> prompt enter <bf>fdisk</bf>.
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There you'll find several options that allow re-partition of
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your hard disk(s). Now you could make a part of the disk a FAT
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partition (where you'll later install your beloved NT). The rest
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of space you'd better leave alone (i.e. do not attempt making
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Linux partition(s) right now, using DOS's version of FDISK). If
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you <em>really</em> want to make Linux-type partitions now, you
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should look after Linux version of FDISK.
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<p>
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<item>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
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are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
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is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
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CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
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to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
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Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
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before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation <em>at first</em>.
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This is good because Linux setup will find <em>automatically</em> the
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free space on the (first) hard disk, make all partitions needed
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for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
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default so you won't have much pain during the setup (<em>later</em>,
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if you want, you may either <bf>add</bf> missing components or
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<bf>re-install</bf> RedHat Linux as Custom over the existing linux
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partitions). Lilo should go to the MBR.
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<p>
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<item><bf>Don't forget to make Linux boot floppy diskette. You'll never
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know when you may need it. If something goes wrong with the MBR,
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and you don't have boot floppy, your Linux might become not accessible,
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so you might have to re-install it again.</bf>
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<p>
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<item>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
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to re-start the computer and there you will only see <bf>Lilo</bf>
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with only one entry to boot: Linux (or maybe more than one Linux
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entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one or so). But, don't
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panic! Your Windows NT is still there - where you had installed it
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before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
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as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
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<bf>/etc/lilo.conf</bf> file. When you open this file for the first time,
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you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
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you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
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Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
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entry into /etc/lilo.conf file. After you make those changes, restart
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Lilo with a command: <bf>/sbin/lilo</bf> and, after the next re-boot,
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you will have both 'linux' and 'nt' (or 'dos' or similar)
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entries under Lilo menu.
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<p>
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<item>My added NT entry is:
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<p>
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<tt>
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other=/dev/hda1
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label=nt
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<p>
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So, the whole /etc/lilo.conf looks like this:
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<p>
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boot=/dev/hda
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timeout=50
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prompt
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default=linux
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vga=normal
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read-only
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image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20
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label=linux
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root=/dev/hda3
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other=/dev/hda1
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label=nt
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</tt>
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<p>
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<item>Some more explanations regarding details from my <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt>
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file: After I have installed Windows NT, I assigned the letter C:
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to that drive. Beside that, I wanted to have another NTFS
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partition in order to store and backup important files, case I
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have to re-install NT on C: for some reason in the future. That's why
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I've made another NT partition, that has been assigned as D: disk.
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Both NTFS partitions are approximatelly 3 GB each and Linux setup
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found them as /dev/hda1 and /dev/hda2 partitions. The rest free space
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on the disk was cca 2 GB, where I have made the /root partition of
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near 1.9 GB and /swapp part of cca 100 MB (/dev/hda3 and /dev/hda4
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respectively). Lilo went to the MBR and all has been running fine.
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<p>
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For your information, I <em>wanted</em> to make these linux
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partitions that time. Later, I found that it was not needed, so
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now I let Linux setup to make partitions from the free space in
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a way it likes to do that. I trust it :-)
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</itemize>
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<sect1>If you have <em>more than one</em> (SCSI) hard disk
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<p>
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<em>Notice: Folks, you see, at my place, one of computers has several
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SCSI disks. That's why I put the word 'SCSI' in parentheses. There I
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have several SCSI controllers, SCSI CD ROM drive and SCSI Tape drive.
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So, it doesn't mean that *you* will be using SCSI parts at all.
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You'd rather handle more than one IDE disks, but I hope that install
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process shouldn't change too much, if any.
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</em>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>First of all, I would suggest you to install a fresh copy of
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Windows NT 4.0 on your <bf/first/ hard disk. I suppose that you already
|
|
made a backup of your important data, so the NT installation
|
|
shouldn't be a problem. You can easily copy your data on your
|
|
second hard disk or so. During the NT installation, setup is
|
|
not going to ask you where to place NT's boot loader, so it
|
|
would be placed into the MBR (Master Boot Record) of your <bf/first/ hard
|
|
disk. But, there is a possibility for a previous content of
|
|
the MBR to remain within the MBR (especially any previous
|
|
Lilo), so I would suggest you (before installation of NT) to
|
|
boot the computer with a DOS floppy diskette having DOS version
|
|
of FDISK. At the prompt a:\ just enter the command: fdisk /mbr
|
|
and restart the computer again (without that floppy). If you
|
|
want to be sure about your machine is 'clean', you may also
|
|
delete any existing partition(s) on your <em>other</em> disks, during the
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|
Windows NT Setup <bf/in case you have *not* made any backup on
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other disks/.
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<p>
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<item>After you have successfully installed your NT, you will see that
|
|
it uses the whole hard disk or a specific partition of the hard
|
|
disk (depending on what you decided during the setup process).
|
|
So, it is advisible to 'shrink' the partition where NT resides
|
|
in order to make some free space on the disk. Onto that free space
|
|
you will install your Linux. Well, you may also think of using
|
|
other disk(s) you have for Linux (so did I). That case, you
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|
would start your linux installation and tried to use, for example,
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/dev/sdb (or sdc, or sdd, or else in case of SCSI system) or
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|
/dev/hdb (or hdc, or hdd, or else in case of IDE system). Looked
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|
that Linux installation accepted whatever I chose, but somehow
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|
after all was finished, when I did that, LILO was not able to
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|
do anything. Actually, it always stopped after 'LI' so it was not
|
|
possible to start Linux at all. Finally, after pulling my hair
|
|
out, I decided to make it all on the <bf/first/ disk. So, after
|
|
I had NT configured and running, I had to boot my computer using
|
|
a floppy diskette with Partition Magic utility by Power Quest.
|
|
It is a graphical tool able to see all partitions on all hard disks you
|
|
have. The best thing is that you can make some changes with your
|
|
partitions but not to destroy your existing data. One of the
|
|
available changes is to make your existing partition(s) smaller,
|
|
so you can get some free space on the disk(s) for other purposes.
|
|
Although you are advised to make a backup before you make any
|
|
changes with your partitions, I usually practise to 'shrink' NT's
|
|
partition <em>before</em> I install anything but NT itself (so, if
|
|
needed, a repetitive re-installation wouldn't be a problem).
|
|
Well, Partition Magic (or any other similar utility you are
|
|
familiar with) will shrink your NT's partition (either NTFS or
|
|
FAT) to a smaller measure and place it to either the beginning
|
|
or to the end of the previous measure. It means that you may
|
|
choose to have your 'shrinked' NT partition at the beginning
|
|
or at the end of your disk. I usually choose NT to be at the
|
|
beginning, so the ending part of the disk will become a 'free
|
|
space'. I discovered some problems if the 'free space' is made
|
|
at the beginning of disk (later we'll talk about). So, after the
|
|
'shrinkin' is finished, you may re-boot your
|
|
NT in order to check the new situation: you may use Windows
|
|
Explorer or Disk Administrator for that. You will also note how
|
|
NT can 'see' all (other) disks you have in your machine (either
|
|
partitioned or as 'free space' areas).
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>Once again, as it was said earlier, it might <em>not</em> be needed
|
|
always to use such tools like Partition Magic. It is better to say
|
|
that this tool is of a great value in all those cases you have been
|
|
running Windows NT for a long time, so you don't want to start
|
|
from 'scratch'. For example, you are fully satisfied with your
|
|
beloved NT and related applications. You are not likely to kill
|
|
NT, but you have recognized that you have enough <em>unused</em>
|
|
space on NT's partition(s) (i.e. NT's partition(s) might look not
|
|
much populated). That case, Partition Magic is your choice.
|
|
|
|
But, if you do start from the beginning, or you don't mind
|
|
re-formatting the disk(s), it might be suitable to get a blank
|
|
floppy diskette, make it to be DOS bootable and copy two DOS
|
|
tools on it: FDISK and FORMAT. So, restart your computer with
|
|
such floppy and at <bf>A:\</bf> prompt enter <bf>fdisk</bf>.
|
|
There you'll find several options that allow re-partition of
|
|
your hard disk(s). Now you could make a part of the disk a FAT
|
|
partition (where you'll later install your beloved NT). The rest
|
|
of space you'd better leave alone (i.e. do not attempt making
|
|
Linux partition(s) right now, using DOS's version of FDISK). If
|
|
you <em>really</em> want to make Linux-type partitions now, you
|
|
should look after Linux version of FDISK.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>So far so good. Next step is to install your Linux. Case you
|
|
are familiar with RedHat distribution (I hope with other distros
|
|
is the same or similar), you start by putting your installation
|
|
CD in the drive and re-boot the computer). Well, when you are about
|
|
to choose what type of installation it will be (Gnome or KDE
|
|
Workstation, Custom, etc.) you may choose whatever you planned
|
|
before, but I would suggest to install a Workstation at first.
|
|
This is good because Linux setup will find automatically the
|
|
free space on the <bf/first/ hard disk, make all partitions needed
|
|
for Linux, format them properly, make majority of options by
|
|
default so you won't have much pain during the setup (later, if
|
|
you want, you may either add missing components or re-install
|
|
Linux as Custom over the existing linux partitions). Lilo should
|
|
go to the MBR of your <bf/first/ disk.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>After it looks that Linux installation is finished, you are going
|
|
to re-start the computer and there you will only see Lilo
|
|
with one Linux entry to boot (or maybe more than one Linux
|
|
entry, in case your hardware is multi-processor one). But, don't
|
|
panic! Your Windows NT is still there where you had installed it
|
|
before Linux. You should become some familiar with Linux as soon
|
|
as possible, in order to be able to find and edit your new
|
|
/etc/lilo.conf file. When you open this file for the first time,
|
|
you'll see that there is only one (or more) Linux entry. Well,
|
|
you should know the exact position (read: a partition) where
|
|
Windows NT has been installed, so you could add an appropriate
|
|
entry into /etc/lilo.conf file. After you do that, restart Lilo
|
|
and, after the next re-boot, you will have both 'linux' and 'nt'
|
|
entries under Lilo menu.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>My added NT entry is:
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
other=/dev/sda1
|
|
|
|
label=nt
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p> so, the whole /etc/lilo.conf looks like this:
|
|
|
|
|
|
boot=/dev/sda
|
|
|
|
map=/boot/map
|
|
|
|
install=/boot/boot.b
|
|
|
|
prompt
|
|
|
|
timeout=50
|
|
|
|
default=linux
|
|
|
|
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20smp
|
|
|
|
label=linux-mp
|
|
|
|
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-20smp.img
|
|
|
|
read-only
|
|
|
|
root=/dev/sda6
|
|
|
|
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.12-20
|
|
|
|
label=linux-up
|
|
|
|
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.2.12-20.img
|
|
|
|
read-only
|
|
|
|
root=/dev/sda6
|
|
|
|
other=/dev/hda1
|
|
|
|
label=nt
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>Some more explanation, regarding details from my <tt>/etc/lilo.conf</tt>
|
|
file: After I have installed Windows NT on the <bf/first/ disk,
|
|
I assigned the letter C: to that drive. After I made enough free
|
|
space <em>after</em> the NTFS partition, I let Linux setup to
|
|
handle further partitioning. Although Linux should support as far
|
|
as four primary partitions per disk, it seems that Linux setup is
|
|
likely to make an extended partition, whenever it recognizes that
|
|
there is already a primary partition on the disk. Considering that
|
|
those 'virtual' primary partitions would be numbered from /dev/sda1
|
|
to /dev/sda4 (including an extended one, of course), the extended
|
|
one should become /dev/sda4. Following that idea, the first one logical
|
|
partition within the extended one was numbered as /dev/sda5 (in my
|
|
case, it was the /boot partition that physically was the first from
|
|
the beginning of the <bf/first/ hard disk). So, the /root and /swapp
|
|
partitions are /dev/sda6 and /dev/sda7 respectively. You may see a line
|
|
"root=/dev/sda6" telling you that. Once again, Lilo went to the MBR
|
|
and all has been running fine.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>Well, you may ask me: Ok, but what in a case I have several
|
|
hard disks installed in the machine? Good question. You see, I
|
|
myself have <em>four</em> SCSI disks and, of course, I tried to
|
|
install Linux on the 2nd one, next the 3rd and, finally, on the
|
|
4th disk. Whatever I did (Linux setup haven't complained at all),
|
|
when I was about to finish the installation and after performing the
|
|
final automatic re-boot, my Lilo would stop after 'LI' so the
|
|
computer had to be re-started. Finally, I realized that there
|
|
must be a problem with disks that are too "far" from the MBR that is
|
|
located at the beginning of the <bf/first/ hard disk. That's why
|
|
I suggest you to make them all (both NT and Linux) on your <bf/first/
|
|
disk. After having all of them running ok, there is no problem
|
|
to make other disks visible (and usable) by both operating
|
|
system. I hope your <bf/first/ disk is large enough to carry
|
|
both operating systems (NT needs at least cca 150 MB for itself,
|
|
Linux depends on what you want to get: Gnome or KDE Workstations
|
|
are about 580 MB, but the Custom wants more than 1.4 GB). That
|
|
means the <bf/first/ hard disk of cca 2.4 GB should fit.
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>You may also ask me: Ok, but, could I 'shrink' my NT partition in
|
|
a way the 'free space' is made at the beginning of the disk? Well, I
|
|
remember I tried to do so and to install, at first, Gnome
|
|
Workstation (395 packages, 570 MB) there. During the setup, everything
|
|
looked fine, but neither Lilo was not installed, nor the boot floppy
|
|
was made. You bet, Linux was not functional. Then I tried to install
|
|
KDE Workstation (377 packages, 582 MB) on the same place. Once again,
|
|
everything looked fine, but neither Lilo was not installed, nor the
|
|
boot floppy was made. Investigating that, I studied the structure of all
|
|
existing partitions. I was surprised when recognized that new born
|
|
<em>logical</em> partitions (within the new born <em>extended</em> one)
|
|
were numbered as if they were physically positioned <em>after</em> the
|
|
NT partition! In the other words, there I have got a 'funny' order:
|
|
/dev/sda5, /dev/sda6, /dev/sda7 and, finally, /dev/sda1. Looked like
|
|
the system was a bit confused. So I considered that it is advisible
|
|
to make the 'free space' <bf>after</bf> already existing NT
|
|
partition(s).
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<item>Regarding two similar Linux images (differ in 'smp'). It is a server
|
|
hardware with a multi-processor support. The "inteligent" setup has
|
|
inspected the hardware and offered me to have both 'multi' and 'uni'
|
|
processor functionality. Nevertheless, I still have only one CPU
|
|
there.
|
|
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<sect>FURTHER INFORMATION
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<sect1>Copyright
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>Copyright is a source of much and continuous debate on the
|
|
LDP mailing list. For more in depth information please consult
|
|
the Manifesto at the </em>
|
|
<url url="http://www.LinuxDoc.org/"
|
|
name="LinuxDoc">
|
|
site.
|
|
<em>
|
|
The purpose of having a license is to allow appropriate distribution.
|
|
You can use any license that meets the Manifesto.
|
|
What follows is a boilerplate licence.
|
|
</em>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Copyright (c) 2000 by Miroslav "Misko" Skoric.
|
|
<P>
|
|
Please freely copy and distribute (sell or give away) this document in
|
|
any format. It's requested that corrections and/or comments be fowarded
|
|
to the document maintainer. You may create a derivative work and distribute
|
|
it provided that you:
|
|
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>
|
|
Send your derivative work (in the most suitable format such as
|
|
sgml) to the LDP (Linux Documentation Project) or the like for posting
|
|
on the Internet. If not the LDP, then let the LDP know where it is
|
|
available.
|
|
<item>
|
|
License the derivative work with this same license or use GPL.
|
|
Include a copyright notice and at least a pointer to the license used.
|
|
<item>
|
|
Give due credit to previous authors and major contributors.
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you're considering making a derived work other than a translation,
|
|
it's requested that you discuss your plans with the current maintainer.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Disclaimer
|
|
<p>
|
|
|
|
Use the information in this document at your own risk. I disavow any
|
|
potential liability for the contents of this document. Use of the
|
|
concepts, examples, and/or other content of this document is entirely
|
|
at your own risk.
|
|
|
|
All copyrights are owned by their owners, unless specifically noted
|
|
otherwise. Use of a term in this document should not be regarded as
|
|
affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.
|
|
|
|
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen as endorsements.
|
|
|
|
You are strongly recommended to take a backup of your system before
|
|
major installation and backups at regular intervals.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>News
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
This is the second release featuring more samples and an improved structure.
|
|
Beside that, this version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is going to offer you
|
|
another procedure to install both Linux and NT on your computer. And doing
|
|
that on both IDE and SCSI disks.
|
|
|
|
<em>This mini-HOWTO would be improved from time to time. If you think
|
|
that the HOWTO on your Linux installation CD is some out-of-date, you
|
|
may check for newest release on the Internet. It could be found within
|
|
the main <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|
name="Linux Documentation Project">
|
|
homepage.
|
|
</em>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Credits
|
|
<p>
|
|
<em>This version of Linux+WinNT mini-HOWTO is based on:</em>
|
|
|
|
<tscreen><verb>
|
|
The Linux+WindowsNT mini-HOWTO
|
|
by Bill Wohler, wohler@newt.com
|
|
v1.1, 19 February 1997
|
|
</verb></tscreen>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Any comments or suggestions can be mailed to my email address:
|
|
<htmlurl url="mailto:m.skoric@eunet.yu"
|
|
name="m.skoric@eunet.yu">.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>HOWTO
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!HOWTOs</nidx>
|
|
These are intended as the primary starting points to
|
|
get the background information as well as show you how to solve
|
|
a specific problem.
|
|
Some relevant HOWTOs are <tt/Bootdisk/, <tt/Installation/, <tt/SCSI/ and <tt/UMSDOS/.
|
|
The main site for these is the
|
|
<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/LDP/"
|
|
name="LDP archive">
|
|
at Metalab (formerly known as Sunsite).
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Mini-HOWTO
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!mini-HOWTOs</nidx>
|
|
These are the smaller free text relatives to the HOWTOs.
|
|
Some relevant mini-HOWTOs are
|
|
<tt/Backup-With-MSDOS/, <tt/Diskless/, <tt/LILO/, <tt/Large Disk/,
|
|
<tt/Linux+DOS+Win95+OS2/, <tt/Linux+OS2+DOS/, <tt/Linux+Win95/,
|
|
<tt/Linux+WinNT/, <tt/Linux+NT-Loader/, <tt/NFS-Root/, <tt/Win95+Win+Linux/,
|
|
<tt/ZIP Drive/ .
|
|
You can find these at the same place as the HOWTOs, usually in a sub directory
|
|
called <tt/mini/. Note that these are scheduled to be converted into SGML and
|
|
become proper HOWTOs in the near future.
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Local Resources
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!local</nidx>
|
|
In most distributions of Linux there is a document directory installed,
|
|
have a look in the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc"
|
|
name="/usr/doc"> directory.
|
|
where most packages store their main documentation and README files etc.
|
|
Also you will here find the HOWTO archive (
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO"
|
|
name="/usr/doc/HOWTO">)
|
|
of ready formatted HOWTOs
|
|
and also the mini-HOWTO archive (
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/doc/HOWTO/mini"
|
|
name="/usr/doc/HOWTO/mini">)
|
|
of plain text documents.
|
|
|
|
Many of the configuration files mentioned earlier can be found in the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc"
|
|
name="/etc">
|
|
directory. In particular you will want to work with the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc/fstab"
|
|
name="/etc/fstab">
|
|
file that sets up the mounting of partitions
|
|
and possibly also
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///etc/mdtab"
|
|
name="/etc/mdtab">
|
|
file that is used for the <tt/md/ system to set up RAID.
|
|
|
|
The kernel source in
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/src/linux"
|
|
name="/usr/src/linux">
|
|
is, of course, the ultimate documentation. In other
|
|
words, <em>use the source, Luke</em>.
|
|
It should also be pointed out that the kernel comes not only with
|
|
source code which is even commented (well, partially at least)
|
|
but also an informative
|
|
<url url="file:///usr/src/linux/Documentation"
|
|
name="documentation directory">.
|
|
If you are about to ask any questions about the kernel you should
|
|
read this first, it will save you and many others a lot of time
|
|
and possibly embarrassment.
|
|
|
|
Also have a look in your system log file (
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///var/log/messages"
|
|
name="/var/log/messages">)
|
|
to see what is going on and in particular how the booting went if
|
|
too much scrolled off your screen. Using <tt>tail -f /var/log/messages</tt>
|
|
in a separate window or screen will give you a continuous update of what is
|
|
going on in your system.
|
|
|
|
You can also take advantage of the
|
|
<htmlurl url="file:///proc"
|
|
name="/proc">
|
|
file system that is a window into the inner workings of your system.
|
|
Use <tt/cat/ rather than <tt/more/ to view the files as they are
|
|
reported as being zero length. Reports are that <tt/less/ works well here.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Web Pages
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!WWW</nidx>
|
|
<nidx>disk!information resources!web pages</nidx>
|
|
There is a huge number of informative web pages out there and by their very
|
|
nature they change quickly so don't be too surprised if these links become
|
|
quickly outdated.
|
|
|
|
A good starting point is of course the
|
|
<url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/"
|
|
name="Linux Documentation Project"> home page,
|
|
an information central for documentation, project pages and much, much more.
|
|
|
|
Please let me know if you have any other leads that can be of interest.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<sect>GETTING HELP
|
|
|
|
<p>
|
|
<nidx>(your index root)!assistance, obtaining</nidx>
|
|
|
|
In the end you might find yourself unable to solve your problems and need
|
|
help from someone else. The most efficient way is either to ask someone
|
|
local or in your nearest Linux user group, search the web for the nearest
|
|
one.
|
|
|
|
Another possibility is to ask on Usenet News in one of the many, many
|
|
newsgroups available. The problem is that these have such a high
|
|
volume and noise (called low signal-to-noise ratio) that your question
|
|
can easily fall through unanswered.
|
|
|
|
No matter where you ask it is important to ask well or you will not be
|
|
taken seriously. Saying just <it/my disk does not work/ is not going
|
|
to help you and instead the noise level is increased even further and if
|
|
you are lucky someone will ask you to clarify.
|
|
|
|
Instead describe your problems in some detail that
|
|
will enable people to help you. The problem could lie somewhere you did
|
|
not expect. Therefore you are advised to list up the following information
|
|
on your system:
|
|
|
|
<descrip>
|
|
<tag/Hardware/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>Processor
|
|
<item>DMA
|
|
<item>IRQ
|
|
<item>Chip set (LX, BX etc)
|
|
<item>Bus (ISA, VESA, PCI etc)
|
|
<item>Expansion cards used (Disk controllers, video, IO etc)
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<tag/Software/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>BIOS (On motherboard and possibly SCSI host adapters)
|
|
<item>LILO, if used
|
|
<item>Linux kernel version as well as possible modifications and patches
|
|
<item>Kernel parameters, if any
|
|
<item>Software that shows the error (with version number or date)
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
<tag/Peripherals/
|
|
<itemize>
|
|
<item>Type of disk drives with manufacturer name, version and type
|
|
<item>Other relevant peripherals connected to the same busses
|
|
</itemize>
|
|
|
|
</descrip>
|
|
|
|
Remember that booting text is logged to <tt>/var/log/messages</tt> which can
|
|
answer most of the questions above. Obviously if the drives fail you might not
|
|
be able to get the log saved to disk but you can at least scroll back up the
|
|
screen using the <tt/SHIFT/ and <tt/PAGE UP/ keys. It may also be useful to
|
|
include part of this in your request for help but do not go overboard, keep
|
|
it <em/brief/ as a complete log file dumped to Usenet News is more than a
|
|
little annoying.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</article>
|