mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
998 lines
29 KiB
XML
998 lines
29 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY email "jean DASH philippe DOT guerard AT tigreraye DOT org">
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<!ENTITY tldpurl "http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Online-Troubleshooting-HOWTO/">
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]>
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<!-- $Id$ -->
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<article>
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Online Troubleshooting Resources : HOWTO</title>
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<author>
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<firstname>Jean-Philippe</firstname>
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<surname>Guérard</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>&email;</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<pubdate>2005-08-06</pubdate>
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<releaseinfo>Version 1.6</releaseinfo>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
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<date>2005-08-06</date>
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<authorinitials>JPG</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added FOLDOC (thanks to Howard Mann for suggesting this).
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
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<date>2002-10-20</date>
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<authorinitials>JPG</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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More dead links removal & URL updates.
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Author and copyright updated as per Horward Mann request.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
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<date>2002-03-04</date>
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<authorinitials>JPG</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Dead links removal. Outdated links update. Revision of the
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HOWTOs and FAQs sections.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
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<date>2000-07-24</date>
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<authorinitials>HM</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Update.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
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<date>1999-11-20</date>
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<authorinitials>HM</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added "Introduction to Unix" to Unix section.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
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<date>1999-11-08</date>
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<authorinitials>HM</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Added Geocrawler.com to Mailing List Section. Convert to
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DocBook.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.5</revnumber>
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<date>1999-09-18</date>
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<authorinitials>HM</authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Initial release.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<abstract><para>
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Troubleshooting a Linux-related issue is often perceived as a difficult
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task. But, often, the solution is just a few clicks away on the
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internet.
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</para>
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<para>
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This document will direct Linux users to resources available on the
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Internet that provide access to a vast amount of Linux-related
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information useful in the troubleshooting problems.
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</para></abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<sect1 id="intro">
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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The traditional means of troubleshooting computer-related problems
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involves consulting user's manuals, books, friends - probably enticed
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with goodies - and, when all the former do not yield a solution, calling
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the technical support service of the vendor of the product in question.
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And, we all know pleasant and reliably efficacious the latter stratagem
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is. Unfortunately, this is the norm in the sphere of commercial
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proprietary products.
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</para>
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<para>
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In contradistinction, Linux, and related distributions, utilities and
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applications software, have largely been developed according to the
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<ulink url="http://www.opensource.org" >Open Source</ulink> model,
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wherein developers have used electronic communication over the Internet
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- typically in the form of publically-accessible Mailing Lists - to
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collaborate with their peers in the refinement of the associated source
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code. Such collaboration has also traditionally involved the online
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publication of user's manuals, lists of Frequently-Asked-Questions
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(FAQ's), knowledge bases, release notes, formal guides such as this
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document (HOWTO's) and tutorials. In addition, users often assist others
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through the forum of Usenet and other newsgroups and the posted messages
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are readily accessible in the form of searchable archives. These
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linux-related newsgroups are renowned for their high level of user
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participation. In significant measure, Linux may be considered a product
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of the Internet.
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</para>
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<para>
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Considered together, these resources enable access to a large,
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ever-expanding factual database, and my intent is to encourage and
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direct the reader to utilize these repositories when faced with an issue
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not addressed in the documentation that is included with each
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distribution of Linux. Linux veterans who assist newcomers through the
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forum of Usenet soon become aware of the frequency with which certain
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technical questions are repeatedly posted - questions the answers to
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which are readily available in one or more of the existent online
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repositories. So, to diminish the likelihood of being "flamed" in
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response to your posted question on Usenet or irc, read further!
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</para>
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<para>
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Armed with a browser, Linux users may rapidly become adept at
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troubleshooting their systems. The key is knowing how and where to look.
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My objective is to guide the user - particularly the Linux newbie - in
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this quest.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="docupdates">
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<title>Document Updates</title>
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<para>
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The <ulink url="&tldpurl;">latest version</ulink> of this document
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will always be available at the <ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">Linux
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Documentation Project</ulink>. The document will also be available in
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SGML, PS, PDF, and other formats at that website.
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</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>Copyright and License</title>
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<para>
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Copyright © 1999-2005, by Jean-Philippe Guérard. This material may
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be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the
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Open Publication Licence, v1.0 or later (see <xref linkend="openpub"/>).
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Feedback and Corrections</title>
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<para>
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I always welcome feedback and constructive criticism. You can reach me
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at <email>&email;</email>. In particular, I wish to be notified about
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any errors in this document and resources you believe deserving of
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inclusion, but not presently covered herein. Because the assessment of
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the value of a particular resource is inherently subjective, I do not
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guarantee that I will include it, but I will certainly give any
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suggestion thoughtful consideration. In anticipation, Thanks.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Document history</title>
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<para>
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Howard Mann conceived and formulated the first version of this HOWTO. He
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kept managing and updating it until version 1.3. Maintainership was then
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taken over by Jean-Philippe Guérard, who is now in charge of this
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document.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="howtos">
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<title>HOWTOs</title>
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<para>
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HOWTOs are detailed reference documents on a specific subject, usually
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following a step-by-step approach. A HOWTO is a good document to help
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you discover a task or a topic you don't know. It will provide you with
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the basic steps and the major references.
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</para>
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<para>
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These documents are particularly useful when you decide to provide or
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access a new service with your Linux system, or when you embark on a
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technically complex project. For example, you may have the option of
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accessing the 'net with a DSL or Cable Modem service - excellent guides
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are available in the form of HOWTOs.
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</para>
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<para>
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Authors of these documents often include references and links to sites
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that they have found useful. You may find the information you need at
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one of these hyperlinked sites rather than in the HOWTO itself.
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</para>
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<!-- It would be nice to find a new relevant example to put here. -->
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<para>
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To find HOWTOs, the first place to go is the <ulink
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url="http://www.tldp.org">Linux Documentation Project (LDP)</ulink>. The
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LDP includes a <ulink
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url="http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/HOWTO-INDEX/howtos.html">HOWTO Index
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Page</ulink> that I suggest you bookmark in your browser.
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</para>
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<para>
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These HOWTOs are written by Linux users and are periodically updated by
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the authors. Many authors provide the latest version at a personal
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website and a hyperlink to the latter is typically provided in the
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document. This version may be newer than the one available at the LDP
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website.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note also that other HOWTOs are available, the authors of which have not
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submitted them to the LDP. It is definitely worthwhile trying to find
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these using an Internet search engine as I describe in a subsequent
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section.
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</para>
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<!-- Should I suggest here to use the "HOWTO" keyword in a google
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search?
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-->
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</sect1>
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<!-- Add a section about LDP guides? -->
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<sect1 id="faqs">
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<title>Frequently-Asked-Questions (FAQs)</title>
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<para>
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Users of Internet Newsgroups and Mailing lists soon discovered that some
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basic questions were being asked over and over again. To provide an
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answer to these questions, and to avoid them being repeated continually,
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FAQs were developed, listing the most classical questions and their
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agreed answers.
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</para>
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<para>
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A list of FAQs is also a traditional accompaniment to Linux-related
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software. The FAQ is the first document to peruse when troubleshooting a
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particular application. It provides answers to typical questions, and is
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a good place to start troubleshooting a specific problem. In addition,
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FAQs exist for Linux distributions, window managers, and the so-called
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desktop environments (KDE and Gnome).
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</para>
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<para>
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A FAQ is typically provided online by the developers of the product in
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question, and enterprising users sometimes host an
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<quote>unofficial</quote> FAQ as well. Search for the latter with an
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Internet search engine.
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</para>
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<para>
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For Linux newbies, I provide links to two FAQs that collectively
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address <emphasis>many</emphasis> of the questions posted to the Usenet
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newsgroups:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org/FAQ/Linux-FAQ/">The Linux FAQ</ulink>
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<ulink url="http://www.tux.org/lkml/">The Linux Kernel mailing list
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FAQ</ulink>
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="onlinesupport">
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<title>Online Support Sections</title>
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<para>
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These sections are typically found at the websites of Linux
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distributions, and often contain a variety of helpful documents with
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information not easily encompassed within a FAQ. Look for sections with
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one or more of the following titles:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Installation Support
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Knowledge or Solutions Databases
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Tips and Tricks
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Errata, Fixes and Updates
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Security Information
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Bug Tracking System
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Bug Database
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Hardware Guide or Compatibility List
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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Technical Guides
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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White Papers
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Some websites provide a site search engine that will facilitate your
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quest for a solution.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you have a problem with a newly installed distribution, look here
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first as bugs and their fixes are typically posted here. You may find a
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detailed guide that will help you accomplish a task such as upgrading
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your kernel or the version of the X Window System you are using.
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</para>
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<para>
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I have often been able to solve problems with my Linux distribution by
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looking into the bug report database, and finding that another user
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already has offered a solution to this issue.
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</para>
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<para>
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I recommend you spend some time at the website of the distribution you
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are using, familiarizing yourself with what is available.
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</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="usenet">
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<title>Usenet Newsgroup Archives</title>
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<para>
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The ability to search for and retrieve information from archived posts
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to the linux-related (Usenet) newsgroups represents a powerful means of
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troubleshooting in Linux.
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</para>
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<para>
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Search engines permit one to search the archives by stipulating the
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forum, keywords, authors, dates, language and combinations thereof.
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Because the number of linux-related newsgroups is large, the likelihood
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of finding useful information is high.
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</para>
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<para>The main web site that currently provides access to Usenet
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archives using a search engine is <ulink
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url="http://groups.google.com">groups.google.com</ulink>. The most
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effective way to do a search is to use its <ulink
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url="http://groups.google.com/advanced_group_search">Advanced
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Groups Search page</ulink>.</para>
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<para>I would like to relate a brief anecdote to demonstrate the efficacy of
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this approach. The first time I attempted to build a kernel, I was presented
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with this error message when I invoked a <quote>make</quote> command:</para>
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<screen>make[1]: as86: Command not found make[1]: *** [bootsect.o] Error 127
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make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot' make: *** [zImage]
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Error 2</screen>
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<para>I had no idea what <emphasis>as86</emphasis> was, but I entered
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it as the keyword in the <emphasis>Subject</emphasis> field of the
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Advanced Groups Search page at groups.google.com, and was presented
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with a large number of posts from folks who had encountered the same
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problem. Respondents had provided the reason and solution: I did not
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have an assembler/linker necessary to create machine code, and the
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<emphasis>bin86</emphasis> package provided it. I downloaded and
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installed a RPM package of the latter and was on my way. This entire
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process took about 10 minutes (I do have an ADSL connection to the 'net
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!).</para>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="searchengines">
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<title>Internet Search Engines</title>
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<para>I frequently use a Search Engine to retrieve helpful or necessary
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information from the 'net. These engines catalogue pages from commercial,
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personal and academic websites, as well as Mailing Lists and the like.</para>
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<para>Of course, there are a large number of available Search Engines, and I
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suggest you try several before giving up on a particular quest. Research has
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shown that any one of them catalogues but a small portion of existent web pages.
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It is worthwhile becoming very familiar with the operational details of at
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least one non-directory engine to maximize the efficiency and efficacy of your
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search efforts. You probably already have a favorite - I like
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<emphasis>Google.com</emphasis>, and will discuss it in a little more
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detail.</para>
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<sect2 id="google">
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<title>Google.com</title>
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<para>This <ulink url="http://www.google.com">engine</ulink> has
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several novel features that are described in its
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<ulink url="http://www.google.com/why_use.html">Why use Google.com
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page</ulink>. In particular, the engine often returns the most useful
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pages first; in fact, I have often found that the first listed page
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contains the information I need. Because it caches web pages, it is
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relatively fast at displaying requested items. It has a so-called
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<emphasis>GoogleScout (TM)</emphasis> feature, activated by clicking on
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the "similar pages" links, that provides additional relevant links with
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each item returned.</para>
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<para>In addition, it has a specialized <ulink
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url="http://www.google.com/linux">Linux Search Engine</ulink> that I use as my
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primary Internet search tool. It searches the database of linux-related pages at
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Google.com further promoting search efficiency. Try it - I am confident
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you will bookmark it immediately.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="mailinglists">
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<title>Mailing List Archives</title>
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<para>As you might expect, there are a very large number of linux-related
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Mailing Lists that enable developers and users to communicate and collaborate on
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projects. These Lists cover every conceivable aspect of Linux, from the
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technical arcana of kernel development to the relatively unfocused discussion of
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issues at the newbie level. Subscribers to a particular Mailing List are
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generally very knowledgeable in the List's topic, and detailed and useful
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information is often retrievable. The communications are publically accessible
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through Internet search engines and in the form of online Mailing List Archives.
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You will typically see archived pages when you conduct a search using an
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Internet search engine.</para>
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<para>Not all Mailing Lists are associated with an online archive, but this is
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increasingly the case. Similarly, not all archives have an associated search
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engine.</para>
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<para>Initially, try locate the Mailing List Archive you are interested in by
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typing keywords and "mailing list archive" in an Internet search
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engine.</para>
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|
|
<para>For a listing of linux-related Mailing Lists, peruse websites such as the
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.linuxrx.com/Lists/Lists.perl">Linux Resource
|
|
Exchange</ulink> and the <ulink url="http://www.linux.org/help/lists.html">Linux
|
|
Online Mailing Lists</ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>A relatively new, excellent Mailing List resource is <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.geocrawler.com">Geocrawler (The Knowledge Archive)</ulink>. This
|
|
is a continuously updated, searchable archive of a large number of Lists that
|
|
also allows one to register and subsequently post to any particular Mailing
|
|
List. Its user interface is simple and its search function delivers messages
|
|
very quickly. I highly recommend this site.</para>
|
|
<para>You may also find Mailing List archives at the following locations
|
|
:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para>The website of the distribution of Linux you use.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The website of the Window Manager or Desktop
|
|
Environment you use.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>The website dedicated to the application or project in
|
|
question.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.mail-archive.com/lists.html">The Mail
|
|
Archive</ulink></para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/">Mailing List
|
|
Archives</ulink></para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<!-- <listitem><para><ulink url="http://kernelnotes.org/lnxlists/">The -->
|
|
<!-- Linux MailingList Archives</ulink></para></listitem> -->
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink url="http://www.tux.org/hypermail/">Tux Mailing List
|
|
Archives</ulink></para></listitem>
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
<para>This is not a complete listing of archives and you may find additional
|
|
sites with an Internet search engine. But, this should certainly get you
|
|
going.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="usersmanuals">
|
|
<title>Online User's Manuals</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Some of the major Linux distributions, Window Managers and Desktop
|
|
Environments publish their user's manual online. If the entire manual is not
|
|
online, installation and configuration guides are typically found at the
|
|
relevant website. This also applies to major applications like the
|
|
<emphasis>Gimp</emphasis> (GNU Image Manipulation Program).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>So, for those users who do not have the printed manual, a wealth of
|
|
installation and configuration guidance is generally available online.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="unixrefs">
|
|
<title>Online Unix References and Tutorials</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>As Linux is a Unix-like operating system, a general familiarity with
|
|
fundamental Unix concepts such as the Unix directory hierarchy and file
|
|
permissions is essential. Fortunately, there are many Unix tutorials online that
|
|
collectively cover everything a user might need to know to use Linux. I suggest
|
|
you bookmark the following as an online reference library:</para>
|
|
|
|
<itemizedlist>
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink
|
|
url="http://www.tru64unix.compaq.com/docs/base_doc/DOCUMENTATION/V40D_HTML/APS2HDTE/TITLETXT.HTM"
|
|
>The Command and Shell User's guide</ulink> from Digital Equipment
|
|
Corporation is an excellent guide to the Unix Operating System. Bookmark
|
|
the <emphasis>Index Page</emphasis> linked there as an online
|
|
reference.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink
|
|
url="http://unixhelp.ed.ac.uk/">UNIXhelp</ulink> is
|
|
mirrored on many servers around the world. It is a useful resource for
|
|
newbies.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink
|
|
url="http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/intro-1.html">Introduction to
|
|
Unix</ulink> also contains a useful <ulink
|
|
url="http://wks.uts.ohio-state.edu/unix_course/intro-137.html#HEADING137-0">Unix
|
|
Command Summary</ulink> page with brief, but useful, explanations of commonly
|
|
used Unix commands.</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para><ulink
|
|
url="http://unix.t-a-y-l-o-r.com/">Unix is a Four Letter
|
|
Word...</ulink> is another resource suitable for newbies.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</itemizedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="miscresources">
|
|
<title>Miscellaneous Resources</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>In this section, I provide a number of links to websites that I have
|
|
found useful while learning to use Linux. This is an eclectic collection, but
|
|
keep these handy.</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="Xwindow">
|
|
|
|
<title>Release Notes and Available Documentation related to the XFree86
|
|
X Window Server</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This documentation accompanies each version of XFree86, and is
|
|
available at the <ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org/">XFree86 website</ulink>.
|
|
Whenever you have trouble with your X environment, peruse the notes applicable
|
|
to your videocard and chipset. These typically provide details about the
|
|
configuration of the X Window System relative to your card, and will
|
|
enumerate any "options" you have to include in the<filename>
|
|
XF86Config</filename> file that governs X.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="gnumanuals">
|
|
<title>GNU Software and Manuals</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Many important programs that are frequently utilized by the Linux user are
|
|
GNU utilities - for example, the <application>tar</application> (archive) and
|
|
<application>gzip</application> (compression) programs. Descriptions of these
|
|
programs are located at the <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html#DescriptionsOfGNUSoftware">GNU.org
|
|
website</ulink> where many <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.gnu.org/manual/manual.html">Online Manuals</ulink> may also be
|
|
found.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>These manuals typically provide a lot more information than is found in
|
|
the corresponding <application>man</application> page on your system. For
|
|
example , compare the <application>man</application> page and online manual for
|
|
the <application>tar</application> utility. </para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="pcs">
|
|
<title>A detailed Guide to Personal Computers</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The Topic Index to the voluminous hardware guide at <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.PCguide.com/topic.html">PC guide.com</ulink> will give you a
|
|
great idea of the contents of this website. I used it quite frequently when
|
|
first installing Linux and configuring the X Window System. I learnt a lot about
|
|
videocards and monitors, including the concepts of screen resolution, color
|
|
depth etc., useful when troubleshooting X display problems.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<sect2 id="webopedia">
|
|
<title>An online dictionary of computer and technology terms</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The <ulink url="http://www.pcwebopedia.com/">PC Webopedia</ulink>
|
|
consists of a large online dictionary of computer-related terms and a
|
|
search engine that provides links to documents that discuss each item in
|
|
more detail. For example, I used this site to learn the differences
|
|
between <emphasis>ISA</emphasis> and <emphasis>PCI</emphasis>
|
|
buses.</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1 id="conclusions">
|
|
<title>Concluding Comments</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are a Linux newbie, you may want to create a
|
|
<emphasis>Troubleshooting</emphasis> folder in your browser's bookmark list,
|
|
into which you put the hyperlinks I have included in this document, as well as
|
|
those pertinent to the distribution of Linux and the Window Manager
|
|
or Desktop Environment you use. </para>
|
|
|
|
<para>As you use these links, you will quickly become adept at troubleshooting
|
|
online.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Cheers and happy searching !</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<appendix id="openpub">
|
|
|
|
<title>Open Publication License</title>
|
|
<subtitle>v1.0, 8 June 1999</subtitle>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>REQUIREMENTS ON BOTH UNMODIFIED AND MODIFIED VERSIONS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The Open Publication works may be reproduced and distributed in whole or
|
|
in part, in any medium physical or electronic, provided that the terms
|
|
of this license are adhered to, and that this license or an
|
|
incorporation of it by reference (with any options elected by the
|
|
author(s) and/or publisher) is displayed in the reproduction.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Proper form for an incorporation by reference is as follows:
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<blockquote><para>
|
|
|
|
Copyright (c) <year> by <author's name or designee>. This
|
|
material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set
|
|
forth in the Open Publication License, vX.Y or later (the latest version
|
|
is presently available at <ulink
|
|
url="http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/"></ulink>).
|
|
|
|
</para></blockquote>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The reference must be immediately followed with any options elected by
|
|
the author(s) and/or publisher of the document (see section VI).
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Commercial redistribution of Open Publication-licensed material is
|
|
permitted.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Any publication in standard (paper) book form shall require the citation
|
|
of the original publisher and author. The publisher and author's names
|
|
shall appear on all outer surfaces of the book. On all outer surfaces of
|
|
the book the original publisher's name shall be as large as the title of
|
|
the work and cited as possessive with respect to the title.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>COPYRIGHT</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The copyright to each Open Publication is owned by its author(s) or
|
|
designee.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>SCOPE OF LICENSE</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The following license terms apply to all Open Publication works, unless
|
|
otherwise explicitly stated in the document.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
Mere aggregation of Open Publication works or a portion of an Open
|
|
Publication work with other works or programs on the same media shall
|
|
not cause this license to apply to those other works. The aggregate work
|
|
shall contain a notice specifying the inclusion of the Open Publication
|
|
material and appropriate copyright notice.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
SEVERABILITY. If any part of this license is found to be unenforceable
|
|
in any jurisdiction, the remaining portions of the license remain in
|
|
force.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
NO WARRANTY. Open Publication works are licensed and provided "as is"
|
|
without warranty of any kind, express or implied, including, but not
|
|
limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
|
|
particular purpose or a warranty of non-infringement.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>REQUIREMENTS ON MODIFIED WORKS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
All modified versions of documents covered by this license, including
|
|
translations, anthologies, compilations and partial documents, must meet
|
|
the following requirements:
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
The modified version must be labeled as such.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
The person making the modifications must be identified and the
|
|
modifications dated.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
Acknowledgement of the original author and publisher if applicable must
|
|
be retained according to normal academic citation practices.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
The location of the original unmodified document must be identified.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
The original author's (or authors') name(s) may not be used to assert or
|
|
imply endorsement of the resulting document without the original
|
|
author's (or authors') permission.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>GOOD-PRACTICE RECOMMENDATIONS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
In addition to the requirements of this license, it is requested from
|
|
and strongly recommended of redistributors that:
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
If you are distributing Open Publication works on hardcopy or CD-ROM,
|
|
you provide email notification to the authors of your intent to
|
|
redistribute at least thirty days before your manuscript or media
|
|
freeze, to give the authors time to provide updated documents. This
|
|
notification should describe modifications, if any, made to the
|
|
document.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
All substantive modifications (including deletions) be either clearly
|
|
marked up in the document or else described in an attacHMent to the
|
|
document.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
Finally, while it is not mandatory under this license, it is considered
|
|
good form to offer a free copy of any hardcopy and CD-ROM expression of
|
|
an Open Publication-licensed work to its author(s).
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
|
|
<title>LICENSE OPTIONS</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
The author(s) and/or publisher of an Open Publication-licensed document
|
|
may elect certain options by appending language to the reference to or
|
|
copy of the license. These options are considered part of the license
|
|
instance and must be included with the license (or its incorporation by
|
|
reference) in derived works.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
|
|
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
To prohibit distribution of substantively modified versions without the
|
|
explicit permission of the author(s). "Substantive modification" is
|
|
defined as a change to the semantic content of the document, and
|
|
excludes mere changes in format or typographical corrections.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
To accomplish this, add the phrase `Distribution of substantively
|
|
modified versions of this document is prohibited without the explicit
|
|
permission of the copyright holder.' to the license reference or copy.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
<listitem><para>
|
|
|
|
To prohibit any publication of this work or derivative works in whole or
|
|
in part in standard (paper) book form for commercial purposes is
|
|
prohibited unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright
|
|
holder.
|
|
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
|
|
To accomplish this, add the phrase 'Distribution of the work or
|
|
derivative of the work in any standard (paper) book form is prohibited
|
|
unless prior permission is obtained from the copyright holder.' to the
|
|
license reference or copy.
|
|
|
|
</para></listitem>
|
|
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</appendix>
|
|
|
|
</article>
|