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<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.1//EN" [
<!-- to include the Linux/IrDA man pages -->
<!ENTITY lip "<productname>Linux/IrDA Project</productname>">
<!ENTITY ir-howto "<productname>Infrared-HOWTO</productname>">
<!ENTITY ir-tutorial "<productname>Linux/IrDA-Tutorial</productname>">
<!ENTITY sgml "<abbrev>SGML</abbrev>">
<!ENTITY man-inc SYSTEM "man-irattach-inc.sgml">
<!ENTITY man-inc SYSTEM "man-irdadump-inc.sgml">
<!ENTITY man-inc SYSTEM "man-irda/man-irdaping-inc.sgml">
<!ENTITY man-inc SYSTEM "man-irda/man-findchip-inc.sgml">
]>
<BOOK><?dbhtml filename="Infrared-HOWTO.html">
<BOOKINFO>
<TITLE>Linux Infrared HOWTO</TITLE>
<AUTHOR>
<FIRSTNAME>Werner</FIRSTNAME>
<SURNAME>Heuser</SURNAME>
<AuthorBlurb>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="mailto:wehe@mobilix.org">&#60;wehe@mobilix.org&#62;
</ULINK>
</PARA>
</AuthorBlurb>
</AUTHOR>
<edition>
Linux Mobile
</edition>
<PUBLISHER>
<PUBLISHERNAME>MobiliX</PUBLISHERNAME>
<ADDRESS><CITY>Berlin</CITY></ADDRESS>
</PUBLISHER>
<RELEASEINFO>Version 3.3</RELEASEINFO>
<PUBDATE>v3.3, 2001-04-22</PUBDATE>
<LEGALNOTICE>
<PARA>
Copyright (c) 2000 Werner Heuser.
For all chapters permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "Preface" and "Credits", with the Front-Cover Texts being "Linux Infrared HOWTO", and with the Back-Cover Texts being the section "About the Document and the Author". A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
</PARA>
</LEGALNOTICE>
<COPYRIGHT>
<YEAR>2000</YEAR>
<YEAR>2001</YEAR>
<HOLDER>Werner Heuser</HOLDER>
</COPYRIGHT>
<Abstract>
<PARA>
The Infrared-HOWTO (former IR-HOWTO) provides an introduction to Linux and infrared devices and how to use the software provided by the Linux/IrDA project. This package uses IrDA(TM) compliant standards. IrDA(TM) is an industrial standard for infrared wireless communication, and most laptops made after January 1996 are equipped with an IrDA(TM) compliant infrared transceiver. Infrared ports let you communicate with printers, modems, fax machines, LANs, and other laptops. Speed ranges from 2400bps to 4Mbps.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The Linux/IrDA stack supports IrLAP, IrLMP, IrIAS, IrIAP, IrLPT, IrCOMM, IrOBEX, and IrLAN. Several of the protocols are implemented as both clients and servers. There is also support for multiple IrLAP connections, via several IrDA(TM) devices at once. The Linux/IrDA project started at the end of 1997 and its status is still experimental, so please don't expect every feature working straight. AFAIK Linux/IrDA is the _only_ open source IrDA implementation currently available.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Remote Control (RC) via infrared is the aim of the Linux Infrared Remote Control - LIRC project, and also described in this HOWTO.
</PARA>
</Abstract>
<KEYWORDSET>
<KEYWORD>laptop</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>notebook</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>pda</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>handheld</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>computer</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>mobile</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>linux</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>irda</KEYWORD>
<KEYWORD>remote</KEYWORD>
</KEYWORDSET>
<ITERMSET>
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>PCMCIA</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>APM</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
<INDEXTERM><PRIMARY>remote control</PRIMARY></INDEXTERM>
</ITERMSET>
</BOOKINFO>
<PREFACE ID="infrared-howto-p0-preface">
<TITLE>Preface</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-about-document-and-author">
<TITLE>About the Document and the Author</TITLE>
<EPIGRAPH>
<ATTRIBUTION>
Unknown AuthorEss
<!-- Karl Jaspers ?? -->
</ATTRIBUTION>
<PARA>
Better red, than dead.
</PARA>
</EPIGRAPH>
<PARA>
This document is based on the
<ULINK URL="http://irda.sourceforge.net">How to use part of the Linux/IrDA project homepage</ULINK>
and the
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">Linux/IrDA Tutorial</ULINK>
by Jean Tourillhes.
I have also included material provided by the Linux/IrDA core team, the
Linux/IrDA mailing list and other sources.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The document is included in the
<ULINK URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org">LINUX DOCUMENTATION PROJECT - LDP</ULINK>
.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The latest version of this document is available at
<ULINK URL="http://mobilix.org/howtos.html">MobiliX-HOWTOs</ULINK>.
You may find my Linux-Mobile-Guide (the former Laptop-HOWTO),
the Linux-Ecology-HOWTO and the Linux-Medicine-HOWTO there also.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Mathieu Arnold <!-- arn_mat@club-internet.fr --> provides an earlier version of the
<ULINK URL="http://www.mat.cc/">IR-HOWTO in French</ULINK>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Please feel free to contact me for comments or questions about the HOWTO. I know this material is not finished or perfect, but I hope you find it useful anyway. For other questions and current information about Linux/IrDA please ask in the Linux/IrDA mailing list as explained below.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="mailto:wehe@mobilix.org">&#60;Werner Heuser&#62;</ULINK>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-status-document">
<TITLE>Status of the Document</TITLE>
<PARA>
The latest kernel I used is 2.4.2 and the latest irda-utils version is
0.9.13.
I tried to check all information but I don't have all the necessary infrared
hardware yet, so if something doesn't work for you, please don't blame me.
</PARA>
<WARNING>
<PARA>
Former kernel and <COMMAND>irda-utils</COMMAND> versions need a completely
different setup. Since I don't recommend to use former versions, all
references to these setups are removed from this document. You may find
some hints in the chapter Code History.
</PARA>
</WARNING>
<PARA>
I have included all the changes to be in sync with the 2.4.x kernel series
and the latest Linux/IrDA development now. Therefore some testing and
proof-reading has still to be done. So please don't expect anything working
straight out of the box.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</PREFACE>
<PART ID="infrared-howto-p1-irda">
<TITLE>IrDA</TITLE>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-about-the-linux-irda-project">
<TITLE>About the Linux/IrDA Project</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-project-history">
<TITLE>Project History</TITLE>
<PARA>
The project started at the end of 1997 with the name Linux/IrDA. Due
to some troubles with the name IrDA, which is trademarked by the
Infrared Data Association IrDA , the name was changed to Linux/IR. At
the end of 1998 the the relationship between both became better and
the name was changed to Linux/IrDA again. Since February 1999 the
project is an official member of IrDA .
</PARA>
<PARA>
Companies and developers which are interested in joining these efforts
should contact the at Linux/IrDA Project or me at &lt;wehe@mobilix.org&gt;.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-code-history">
<TITLE>Code History</TITLE>
<PARA>
The Linux/IrDA project has undertaken some changes in the program
code, which you should know to understand some possible confusions.
</PARA>
<PARA>
For 2.0.x kernels Linux/IrDA support worked in a totally other way
(only user-land programms) and is no longer supported by the
Linux/IrDA project. Since 2.1.131 and 2.2.0 it is part of the kernel.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Some caveats are sometimes caused by changes of the following
parameters. I hope I have got them alright now, they confused me
sometimes, too. The new style stuff works from 2.2.15 / 2.4.0.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
the major device number of the irda device changed from 61 to 161
(as far as I remember there was also a major number 60 around, too),
see the list of current device numbers below
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
the <COMMAND>irmanager</COMMAND> is obsolete now,
its tasks are now achieved by
<COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
the device name <FILENAME>/dev/ircomm_tty</FILENAME> changed to <FILENAME>/dev/ircomm-tty</FILENAME>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
the device names <FILENAME>/dev/irnine</FILENAME> and <FILENAME>/dev/ircomm_new</FILENAME> are obsolet
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-getting-started">
<TITLE>Getting Started</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-software">
<TITLE>Software</TITLE>
<PARA>
The commands provided by the irda-utils package are the basic set of
tools to get a working IrDA connection. The other tools (e-Squirt,
IrNET, ..) are optional. The programms don't have manpages yet.
You may use my man pages instead, see
<ULINK URL="http://mobilix.org/software/irda/">MobiliX - Software</ULINK>.
</PARA>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>IrDA-Utils</TITLE>
<SECT3>
<TITLE>Compilation</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Use the latest source of irda-utils available at Linux/IrDA
Project. Also recommended is the glibc library. You may find
out the current version with <COMMAND>ldd &hyphen;&hyphen;version</COMMAND>.
The use of the older libc5 library may lead to compile errors.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Untar the package with <COMMAND>tar xvzf irda-utils&lt;VERSION&gt; </COMMAND>
. I recommend to do this in <FILENAME>/usr/src</FILENAME>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do a <COMMAND>make clean</COMMAND> (not necessary if you
compile the package for the first time).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do a <COMMAND>make all</COMMAND> to build the binaries.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do a <COMMAND>make install</COMMAND>, this brings all
commands into the right place
and installs some config files in <FILENAME>/etc/irda</FILENAME>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Sometimes, when you compile the IrDA stack or some various IrDA package, you may have the compiler complaining the things such as IRLMP_HINT_MASK_SET or IRDAPROTO_ULTRA are not defined.
This is because of a mess related to kernel headers and the way most distributions deal with it. If you
have the 2.4.X kernel source lying around, the fix is simple. Just copy the header irda.h from the kernel to your include directory
<COMMAND>cp /usr/src/linux/include/linux/irda.h /usr/include/linux</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT3>
<SECT3>
<TITLE>Precompiled Packages</TITLE>
<PARA>
NOKUBI Takatsugu provides an irda-utils Debian package . This package
is part of the Potato Debian release. Also Mandrake since 6.1, Redhat
since 6.1 and SuSE since 6.1 contain RPM packages of the irda-utils.
Some caveat with precompiled packages might be some incompatibilities
between kernel version and appropriate package version.
</PARA>
<SECT3>
<TITLE>Contents of Linux/IrDA-Utils</TITLE>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irattach</TITLE>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> uses the module set as
parameter; it can be a specific
FIR driver: <COMMAND>irattach toshoboe</COMMAND>
or <COMMAND>ircomm</COMMAND> (and then it loads the module aliased
as "irda0" in <FILENAME>/etc/modules.conf</FILENAME>)
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you are one of the lucky people which have a FIR chipset that is
supported, then you don't need to use irattach anymore. Now you just
have to modprobe the driver.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irdadump</TITLE>
<PARA>
A program that displays all the frames sent, and received on the
infrared link.
</PARA>
<PARA>
One advantage of implementing IrDA device drivers as network device
drivers is that you should be able to attach sniffers to the device
(or actually the packet type). That way, it is possible to use a
really handy utility called irdadump (instead of tcpdump). This will
make debugging MUCH easier. Linux-2.2 implements the BPF (Berkeley
Packet Filter), so its possible to filter out exactly the frames you
want to see.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Note: You probably have to be root for using <COMMAND>irdadump</COMMAND> . CONFIG_PACKET
has to be enabled in the kernel. If compiled as a module you might
load the module manually. <COMMAND>irdadump</COMMAND>
has been converted into a library,
so it can be used from GUI applications as well.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Here is a sample output of a small session between Linux and a Palm
III. This log shows that the local irobex layer is not responding, so
the Palm III sends a disc frame.
<PROGRAMLISTING>
dagbnb /home/dagb/linux/irda-utils/irdadump/ # ./irdadump
20:18:15.305711 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=0
20:18:15.385597 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=1
20:18:15.465568 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=2
20:18:15.545953 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=3
20:18:15.625574 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=4
20:18:15.705575 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=5
20:18:15.785601 xid:cmd:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=255,info=Linux
20:18:18.075526 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=0
20:18:18.225498 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=1
20:18:18.375495 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=2
20:18:18.526355 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=3
20:18:18.675614 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=4
20:18:18.676364 xid:rsp:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xb50c14b,S=6,s=4
20:18:18.765506 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=5
20:18:18.927221 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=255,info=Palm III
20:18:18.975796 snrm:cmd,ca=0xfe,pf=1
20:18:18.976534 ua:rsp,ca=0x58,pf=1
20:18:18.977145 ua:rsp,ca=0x58,pf=1
20:18:19.585627 rr:rsp,ca=0x58,nr=0,pf=1
20:18:19.585810 rr:rsp,ca=0x58,nr=0,pf=1
20:18:19.606413 i:cmd,ca=0x58,nr=0,ns=0,pf=1
20:18:19.606582 rr:rsp,ca=0x58,nr=1,pf=1
20:18:19.627708 rr:cmd,ca=0x58,nr=0,pf=1
20:18:19.627871 i:rsp,ca=0x58,nr=1,ns=0,pf=1
20:18:19.650571 disc:cmd,ca=0x58,pf=1
20:18:19.650736 ua:rsp,ca=0x58,pf=1
20:18:21.165524 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=0
20:18:21.315608 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=1
20:18:21.315793 xid:rsp:saddr=0x05c589 &gt; daddr=0xb50c14b,S=6,s=1
20:18:21.395499 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=2
20:18:21.545516 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=3
20:18:21.695500 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=4
20:18:21.845840 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=5
20:18:22.007222 xid:cmd:saddr=0xb50c14b &gt; daddr=0xffffffff,S=6,s=255,info=Palm
III
20:18:22.056143 snrm:cmd,ca=0xfe,pf=1
20:18:22.056310 ua:rsp,ca=0xc8,pf=1
20:18:22.056381 ua:rsp,ca=0xc8,pf=1
37 pacckets received by filter
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irdaping</TITLE>
<PARA>
Makes it possible to try and ping a remote device using IrDA test
frames. Not all devices implements support for test frames. This is a
program similar to ping(8). It sends IrDA test frames (added some
userdata which contains the frame number and the time the frame was
sent). You can also change the size of the frame by using the -s
option. You must supply an IrDA device address, and not an IP address.
You have to be able to get that device address by using irdadump.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Here is one output sample (pinging an ACTiSYS IR-100M):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
dagbnb /home/dagb/linux/irda-utils/irdaping/ # ./irdaping 0xf7be8388
IrDA ping (0xf7be8388): 32 bytes
32 bytes from 0xf7be8388: irda_seq=0 time=102.466003 ms.
32 bytes from 0xf7be8388: irda_seq=1 time=102.202003 ms.
32 bytes from 0xf7be8388: irda_seq=2 time=102.170998 ms.
32 bytes from 0xf7be8388: irda_seq=3 time=101.633003 ms.
4 packets received by filter
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
From : Christian Gennerat <!-- christian.gennerat@vz.cit.alcatel.fr -->
I use an alias which does not use any parameter (in $HOME/.bashrc):
<COMMAND>alias irping="irdaping \`grep daddr /proc/net/irda/discovery|sed s/.*daddr://\`"</COMMAND>
It works fine when there is only one discovered client.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irkbd</TITLE>
<PARA>
Implements support for the mouse and keyboard protocol as used by the
Tekram IR-660 infrared docking station.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>findchip</TITLE>
<PARA>
Tries to find out which FIR IrDA chipset your machine is using. Try
out findchip -v to check it out. For other methods to detect the
chipset see below.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irsockets</TITLE>
<PARA>
A collection of programs which uses IrDA sockets.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>irpsion5</TITLE>
<PARA>
File transfer program for exchanging files with your Psion PDA.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
<SECT4>
<TITLE>/etc/irda</TITLE>
<PARA>
Configuration files, e.g. contain the serial port of the SIR driver.
For first testing you should configure the SIR IrDA driver.
</PARA>
</SECT4>
</SECT3>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>openobex</TITLE>
<PARA>
The overall goal of the
<ULINK URL="http://sourceforge.net/projects/openobex/">OpenOBEX</ULINK>
project is to make an open source
implementation of the Object Exchange (OBEX) protocol. OBEX is a
session protocol and can best be described as a binary HTTP protocol.
A typical application is the "beam" function of PalmOS.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>e-squirt</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">e-Squirt</ULINK> is a simple protocol for sending URLs over the IrDA medium.
This allows for interaction with CoolTown enabled devices.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>IrNET for Linux-IrDA</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">IrNET</ULINK>
is a protocol allowing to carry TCP/IP traffic between two IrDA
peers in an efficient fashion. It is a thin layer, passing PPP packets
in a IrTTP socket. It uses PPP in synchronous mode for efficiency, and
offers lots of flexibility and various features. The main part of
IrNET in included in kernel 2.4.x, and a user-space daemon (to
automate connections) is available on the web page.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Java - IrDA Interface</TITLE>
<PARA>
This
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">Java Infrared Socket API</ULINK>
provides a way of communicating through
infrared medium on a linux machine using Java. Thus, Java application
developers can develop applications involving infrared access much
easily. The API is very similar to java.net.Socket API and has been
implemented using the Linux infrared stack. Both connection oriented
streams (IrSocket and IrServerSocket) and connectionless Ultra
(UltraSocket, UltraPacket) interfaces are available.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-kernel">
<TITLE>Kernel</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Preface</TITLE>
<PARA>
Please read the Kernel-HOWTO to get more information about the
compilation process. Get the latest patches from
http://irda.sourceforge.net or the Linux/IrDA mailing list archiv.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You'll find the Linux/IrDA code in:
</PARA>
<PARA>
/usr/src/linux/net/irda (protocol stuff)
</PARA>
<PARA>
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/irda (device drivers)
</PARA>
<PARA>
/usr/src/linux/include/net/irda (header files)
</PARA>
<PARA>
General Parameters
Make sure you use kernel 2.4.x sources. If unsure about your kernel
version try <COMMAND>uname -r</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Get the latest kernel patch from the Linux/IrDA project . Or from the
Alan Cox kernel series . Put it into <FILENAME>/usr/src</FILENAME>
or where else your
kernel sources live and apply something like (replace
patch-2_2.0-irdaXXX with the actual file name):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
cd /usr/src
tar xvzf patch-2_2.0-irdaXXX.tar.gz
cd linux
patch -p1 -l &lt; ../patch-2_2.0-irdaXXX
</PROGRAMLISTING>
For latest drivers maybe experimental support has to be enabled
CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Enable sysctl in "General Setup" CONFIG_SYSCTL.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You should have proc file system support CONFIG_PROC_FS.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Also serial support for the SIR features CONFIG_SERIAL.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I am not sure whether there has to be printer support for using a
printer with Linux/IrDA CONFIG_PRINTER. But I assume this feature is
not necessary.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Networking support _must_ be enabled CONFIG_NET.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Make sure you have module support CONFIG_MODULES in your kernel! Test
it e.g. with <COMMAND>lsmod</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Also kerneld support CONFIG_KERNELD. But kmod (CONFIG_KMOD) also
works. A monolithic kernel seems to work, too. But modules are highly
recommended!
</PARA>
<PARA>
To use irdadump you probably have to set CONFIG_PACKET.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you only apply the Linux/IrDA patch, you should not have to do a
make clean, so that should save you some time. I suggest you do
something like this:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>make dep &amp;&amp; make all &amp;&amp; make modules
&amp;&amp; make install &amp;&amp; make modules_install</COMMAND>
If you get really strange errors, then try to rebuild from scratch
after a make clean.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<!-- KERNEL START ************************************************** -->
<SECT2>
<TITLE>IrDA Specific Parameters</TITLE>
<PARA>
The following is from <FILENAME>../linux-2.4.3/Documentation/Configure.help</FILENAME>
Please consult the latest available kernel
documentation for current information and new drivers.
</PARA>
<SECT3>
<TITLE>IrDA subsystem support</TITLE>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA
Say Y here if you want to build support for the IrDA (TM) protocols.
The Infrared Data Associations (tm) specifies standards for wireless
infrared communication and is supported by most laptops and PDA's.
</PARA>
<PARA>
To use Linux support for the IrDA (tm) protocols, you will also need
some user-space utilities like the irmanager and probably irattach
as well. For more information, see the file
Documentation/networking/irda.txt. You also want to read the
IR-HOWTO, available at http://www.linuxdoc.org/docs.html#howto .
</PARA>
<PARA>
This support is also available as a module called irda.o. If you
want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrDA Cache last LSAP
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA_CACHE_LAST_LSAP
Say Y here if you want IrLMP to cache the last LSAP used. This makes
sense since most frames will be sent/received on the same
connection. Enabling this option will save a hash-lookup per frame.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If unsure, say Y.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrDA Fast RR's
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA_FAST_RR
Say Y here is you want IrLAP to send fast RR (Receive Ready) frames
when acting as a primary station. This will make IrLAP send out a RR
frame immediately when receiving a frame if its own transmit queue
is currently empty. This will give a lot of speed improvement when
receiving much data since the secondary station will not have to
wait the max. turn around time before it is allowed to transmit the
next time. If the transmit queue of the secondary is also empty the
primary will back off waiting longer for sending out the RR frame
until the timeout reaches the normal value. Enabling this option
will make the IR-diode burn more power and thus reduce your battery
life.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If unsure, say N.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrDA Debug
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA_DEBUG
Say Y here if you want the IrDA subsystem to write debug information
to your syslog. You can change the debug level in
<FILENAME>/proc/sys/net/irda/debug</FILENAME>
</PARA>
<PARA>
If unsure, say Y (since it makes it easier to find the bugs).
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrLAP Compression support
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA_COMPRESSION
Compression is _not_ part of the IrDA(tm) protocol specification,
but it's working great! Linux is the first to try out compression
support at the IrLAP layer. This means that you will only benefit
from compression if you are running a Linux &lt;-&gt; Linux configuration.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you say Y here, you also need to say Y or M to a compression
protocol below.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrLAP Deflate Compression Protocol (EXPERIMENTAL)
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRDA_DEFLATE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Deflate compression
protocol. The deflate compression (GZIP) is exactly
the same as the one used by the PPP protocol.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you want to compile this compression support as a module, say M
here and read Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called
irda_deflate.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrLAN Protocol
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRLAN
Say Y here if you want to build support for the IrLAN protocol. If
you want to compile it as a module (irlan.o), say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. IrLAN emulates an Ethernet and makes it
possible to put up a wireless LAN using infrared beams.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The IrLAN protocol can be used to talk with infrared access points
like the HP NetbeamIR, or the ESI JetEye NET. You can also connect
to another Linux machine running the IrLAN protocol for ad-hoc
networking!
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrCOMM Protocol
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRCOMM
Say Y here if you want to build support for the IrCOMM protocol. If
you want to compile it as a module (you will get <COMMAND>ircomm.o</COMMAND> and
<COMMAND>ircomm-tty.o</COMMAND>), say M here and read Documentation/modules.txt. IrCOMM
implements serial port emulation, and makes it possible to use all
existing applications that understands TTY's with an infrared link.
Thus you should be able to use application like PPP, minicom and
others. Enabling this option will create two modules called <FILENAME>ircomm</FILENAME>
and <FILENAME>ircomm-tty</FILENAME>.
</PARA>
</SECT3>
<SECT3>
<TITLE>Device Drivers</TITLE>
<PARA>
IrTTY IrDA Device Driver
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRTTY_SIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the IrTTY line
discipline. If you want to compile it as a module (irtty.o), say M
here and read Documentation/modules.txt. IrTTY makes it possible to
use Linux's own serial driver for all IrDA ports that are 16550
compatible. Most IrDA chips are 16550 compatible so you should
probably say Y to this option. Using IrTTY will however limit the
speed of the connection to 115200 bps (IrDA SIR mode)
</PARA>
<PARA>
If unsure, say Y.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrPORT IrDA Device Driver
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_IRPORT_SIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the IrPORT IrDA device
driver. If you want to compile it as a module (irport.o), say M here
and read Documentation/modules.txt. IrPORT can be used instead of
IrTTY and sometimes this can be better. One example is if your IrDA
port does not have echo-canceling, which will work OK with IrPORT
since this driver is working in half-duplex mode only. You don't
need to use <COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> with IrPORT, but you just insert it the same
way as FIR drivers (<COMMAND>insmod irport io=0x3e8 irq=11</COMMAND>). Notice that
IrPORT is a SIR device driver which means that speed is limited to
115200 bps.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If unsure, say Y.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Winbond W83977AF IrDA Device Driver
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_WINBOND_FIR
Say Y here if you want to build IrDA support for the Winbond
W83977AF super-io chipset. This driver should be used for the IrDA
chipset in the Corel NetWinder. The driver supports SIR, MIR and FIR
(4Mbps) speeds.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called w83977af_ir.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
NSC PC87108 IrDA Device Driver
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_NSC_FIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the NSC PC87108 and
PC87338 IrDA chipsets. This driver supports SIR,
MIR and FIR (4Mbps) speeds.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called nsc-ircc.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Toshiba Type-O IR Port Device Driver
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_TOSHIBA_FIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Toshiba Type-O IR
chipset. This chipset is used by the Toshiba Libretto 100CT, and
many more laptops. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
and read Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called
toshoboe.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
SMC IrCC (Experimental)
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_SMC_IRCC_FIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the SMC Infrared
Communications Controller. It is used in the Fujitsu Lifebook 635t
and Sony PCG-505TX. If you want to compile it as a module, say M
here and read Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called
smc-ircc.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
ALi M5123 FIR Controller Driver (Experimental)
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_ALI_FIR
Say Y here if you want to build support for the ALi M5123 FIR
Controller. The ALi M5123 FIR Controller is embedded in ALi
M1543C, M1535, M1535D, M1535+, M1535D Sourth Bridge. This
driver supports SIR, MIR and FIR (4Mbps) speeds.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called ali-ircc.o.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Serial dongle support
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_DONGLE
Say Y here if you have an infrared device that connects to your
computer's serial port. These devices are called dongles. Then say Y
or M to the driver for your particular dongle below.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Note that the answer to this question won't directly affect the
kernel: saying N will just cause this configure script to skip all
</PARA>
<PARA>
ESI JetEye PC Dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_ESI_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Extended Systems
JetEye PC dongle. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
and read Documentation/modules.txt. The ESI dongle attaches to the
normal 9-pin serial port connector, and can currently only be used
by IrTTY. To activate support for ESI dongles you will have to
start irattach like this: <COMMAND>irattach -d esi</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
ACTiSYS IR-220L and IR220L+ dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_ACTISYS_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the ACTiSYS
IR-220L and IR220L+ dongles. If you want to compile it as a module,
say M here and read Documentation/modules.txt. The ACTiSYS dongles
attaches to the normal 9-pin serial port connector, and can
currently only be used by IrTTY. To activate support for ACTiSYS
dongles you will have to start irattach like this:
<COMMAND>irattach -d actisys</COMMAND> or <COMMAND>irattach -d actisys+</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Tekram IrMate 210B dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_TEKRAM_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Tekram IrMate 210B
dongle. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
and read Documentation/modules.txt. The Tekram dongle attaches to
the normal 9-pin serial port connector, and can currently only be
used by IrTTY. To activate support for Tekram dongles you will have
to start <COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> like this: <COMMAND>irattach -d tekram</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Greenwich GIrBIL dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_GIRBIL_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Greenwich GIrBIL
dongle. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. The Greenwich dongle attaches to the
normal 9-pin serial port connector, and can currently only be used
by IrTTY. To activate support for Greenwich dongles you will have to
insert <COMMAND>irattach -d girbil</COMMAND> in the /etc/irda/drivers script.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Parallax Litelink dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_LITELINK_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Parallax Litelink
dongle. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here and read
Documentation/modules.txt. The Parallax dongle attaches to the
normal 9-pin serial port connector, and can currently only be used
by IrTTY. To activate support for Parallax dongles you will have to
start irattach like this <COMMAND>irattach -d litelink</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Old Belkin dongle
</PARA>
<PARA>
CONFIG_OLD_BELKIN_DONGLE
Say Y here if you want to build support for the Adaptec Airport 1000
and 2000 dongles. If you want to compile it as a module, say M here
and read Documentation/modules.txt. The module will be called
old_belkin.o. Some information is contained in the comments at the
top of drivers/net/irda/old_belkin.c.
</PARA>
</SECT3>
</SECT2>
<!-- KERNEL END ************************************************** -->
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Current Kernel Patches</TITLE>
<PARA>
Note: <COMMAND>donauboe</COMMAND> is a new version of
<COMMAND>toshoboe</COMMAND> better FIR support
and compatibility with Donauoboe chip http://libxg.free.fr/lib-irda.html
</PARA>
<PARA>
For USB dongle patch see Linux/IrDA mailing list archiv.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-kernel-module-options">
<TITLE>Kernel Module Options</TITLE>
<PARA>
This survey of module options was generated with
the <COMMAND>modinfo</COMMAND> command.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
actisys.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt; - Jean Tourrilhes &lt;jt@hpl.hp.com&gt;
ACTiSYS IR-220L and IR-220L+ dongle driver
ali-ircc.o
Benjamin Kong &lt;benjamin_kong@ali.com.tw&gt;
ALi FIR Controller Driver
io int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "Base I/O addresses"
irq int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "IRQ lines"
dma int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "DMA channels"
esi.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Extended Systems JetEye PC dongle driver
girbil.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Greenwich GIrBIL dongle driver
irport.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Half duplex serial driver for IrDA SIR mode
io int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "Base I/O adresses"
irq int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "IRQ lines"
irtty.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
IrDA TTY device driver
qos_mtt_bits int, description "Minimum Turn Time"
litelink.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Parallax Litelink dongle driver
nsc-ircc.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
NSC IrDA Device Driver
qos_mtt_bits int, description "Minimum Turn Time"
io int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "Base I/O addresses"
irq int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "IRQ lines"
dma int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "DMA channels"
dongle_id int, description "Type-id of used dongle"
old_belkin.o
Jean Tourrilhes &lt;jt@hpl.hp.com&gt;
Belkin (old) SmartBeam dongle driver
smc-ircc.o
Thomas Davis &lt;tadavis@jps.net&gt;
SMC IrCC controller driver
ircc_dma int, description "DMA channel"
ircc_irq int, description "IRQ line"
tekram.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Tekram IrMate IR-210B dongle driver
toshoboe.o
James McKenzie &lt;james@fishsoup.dhs.org&gt;
Toshiba OBOE IrDA Device Driver
max_baud int
w83977af_ir.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
Winbond W83977AF IrDA Device Driver
qos_mtt_bits int, description "Mimimum Turn Time"
io int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "Base I/O addresses"
irq int array (min = 1, max = 4), description "IRQ lines"
irda.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
The Linux IrDA Protocol Subsystem
irda_debug_R07c03e02 long
irlan.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
The Linux IrDA LAN protocol
eth int, description "Name devices ethX (0) or irlanX (1)"
access int, description "Access type DIRECT=1, PEER=2, HOSTED=3"
ircomm-tty.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dagb@cs.uit.no&gt;
IrCOMM serial TTY driver
ircomm.o
Dag Brattli &lt;dag@brattli.net&gt;
IrCOMM protocol
irnet.o
&lt;none&gt;
&lt;none&gt;
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-configuration">
<TITLE>Configuration</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Device Numbers</TITLE>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
mknod /dev/ircomm0 c 161 0
mknod /dev/ircomm1 c 161 1
mknod /dev/irlpt0 c 161 16
mknod /dev/irlpt1 c 161 17
mknod /dev/irnet c 10 187
chmod 666 /dev/ir*
</PROGRAMLISTING>
There might be some other device number necessary if you want to use
the <COMMAND>irkbd</COMMAND> features. You may find
the latest device numbers in
<FILENAME>../src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt</FILENAME>.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Device Arrangement</TITLE>
<PARA>
First you should put your IrDA devices in range. Though it might be
possible that the Linux/IrDA service detects every new device
automagically I only have good experience with the devices in range
during the configuration process.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Keep your infrared devices together in a range below one meter and an
angle of 30 degree. There has to be a direct line of sight between
them. If this is not possible, you may use a mirror (an unused M$ CD
should work quite good).
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>/etc/modules.conf</TITLE>
<PARA>
Add the following lines to your <FILENAME>/etc/conf.modules</FILENAME> file:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
# IrDA over a normal serial port, or a serial port compatible IrDA port
alias tty-ldisc-11 irtty
# IrCOMM (for printing, PPP, Minicom etc)
alias char-major-161 ircomm-tty # if you want IrCOMM support
# IRLAN
alias irlan0 irlan
# To be able to attach some serial dongles
# These values are hard-coded in irattach (not instance order)
alias irda-dongle-0 tekram # Tekram IrMate IR-210B
alias irda-dongle-1 esi # ESI JetEye
alias irda-dongle-2 actisys # Actisys IR-220L
alias irda-dongle-3 actisys # Actisys IR-220L+
alias irda-dongle-4 girbil # Greenwich GIrBIL
alias irda-dongle-5 litelink # Parallax LiteLink
alias irda-dongle-6 airport # Adaptec Airport 1000 and 2000
# To use the FIR driver. This applies only to the specific device!!!
#options nsc-ircc dongle_id=0x09 # NSC driver on a IBM Thinkpad laptop
#options nsc-ircc dongle_id=0x08 # HP Omnibook 6000
#alias irda0 nsc-ircc
#alias irda0 smc-ircc
# IrNET module...
alias char-major-10-187 irnet # Official allocation of IrNET
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Then do a <COMMAND>depmod -a</COMMAND> to update,
and then all IrDA modules should be
automagically loaded when you need them. Note for testing reasons you
may load them manually, but please make sure not to load them twice.
There might be some other entries necessary, if you want to use the
<COMMAND>irkbd</COMMAND> features or an USB dongle.
A template file is included into the
irda-utils package.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>/etc/irda</TITLE>
<PARA>
Have a look into the files in <FILENAME>/etc/irda</FILENAME>.
Edit them to reflect your setup.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>BIOS Configuration</TITLE>
<PARA>
Make sure your infrared port is enabled in the BIOS and check what
interrupt and port address it uses. With some laptops it seems
necessary to have Window$x installed to be able to set BIOS
parameters.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I have got reports, that connected to a docking station the infrared
port was disabled.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Serial Port (setserial)</TITLE>
<PARA>
To avoid some conflicts with serial devices you should do
<COMMAND>setserial /dev/ttyS1 uart none</COMMAND>.
Choose the ttySx according to your SIR port.
Hint: <COMMAND>dmesg | grep tty</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
From Florian Lohoff <!-- flo@rfc822.org -->
You should also set "port 0x0 irq 0" otherwise you will see interesting
effects if there is suddenly a different S1 e.g. by inserting
a modem PCMCIA card. The serial driver will then touch
the OLD ports without having acquired those which will cause
the irda stuff to die/hang. This is a bug i havent been able
to find in the serial driver but it definitly
exists (Put a printk into the serial_out serial_in stuff).
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Starting IrDA</TITLE>
<PARA>
Most important, you must sync your disks!!! Maybe you have to reboot
your machine. Have you read the disclaimer?
</PARA>
<PARA>
There are three sorts of low level drivers: SIR, dongle and FIR. To
start with Linux/IrDA I recommend to use the SIR method.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Load the modules <COMMAND>modprobe irda irtty</COMMAND>.
<COMMAND>irattach /dev/ttyS1 -s 1</COMMAND> to
attach the IrDA device to the IrDA services.
Check <COMMAND>lsmod</COMMAND> and <COMMAND>dmesg</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>irdadump</COMMAND> should show all available
IrDA devices in range now. Hint: If
you are connecting different Linux boxes, you may use
<COMMAND>hostname YOUR_HOSTNAME</COMMAND>
to set a unique hostname for each computer.
</PARA>
<PARA>
On the "server" side do pppd /dev/ircomm0 LOCAL_IP:REMOTE_IP On the
"client" side do pppd /dev/ircomm0 .
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may now test the connection with <COMMAND>ping</COMMAND>. And use
all sorts of networking connections (ssh, NFS, ...) now.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-specific-connections">
<TITLE>Specific Connections and IrDA - Protocols</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-low-level-drivers">
<TITLE>Stating the IrDA Stack</TITLE>
<!--
LifeTec LT9888 AskIR option in PHOENIX BIOS
Call this section : stating the IrDA stack
Split sections by hardware type or driver
former title: Low Level Drivers
-->
<PARA>
There are three sorts of low level drivers: SIR, dongle and FIR. If
the right driver is detected by the kernel you get a message like:
</PARA>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>SIR</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Try to find out which serial port is used by the IR device. You
may do so by watching the output of
<COMMAND>dmesg</COMMAND>. If serial support is
modularized do an <COMMAND>modprobe serial</COMMAND>
first. Look for an entry like:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
Serial driver version 4.25 with no serial options enabled
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A #first serial port /dev/ttyS0
ttyS01 at 0x3000 (irq = 10) is a 16550A #e.g. infrared port
ttyS02 at 0x0300 (irq = 3) is a 16550A #e.g. PCMCIA modem port
</PROGRAMLISTING>
If this is not the case, you either don't have infrared support
enabled in the BIOS or the SIR mode of your infrared device is not
detected by the kernel. Currently I know only two laptop models
with this effect, the HP OmniBook 800 and the Toshiba Libretto
models. I am not sure whether PnP support effects the detection of
the IR port. If you are unsure try it out and let me know the
results. Maybe you can use FIR mode if SIR doesn't work.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
In some situations you may have to use
<COMMAND>setserial /dev/ttyS&lt;0-2&gt; port 0xNNNN irq M</COMMAND>
to set the values for your infrared serial port,
especially if the infrared port is a separate serial line. You
usually don't need to change the values! For further information
look into the FAQ section below.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
If you don't use <COMMAND>kerneld</COMMAND> or
<COMMAND>kmod</COMMAND> insert the irda module with
<COMMAND>modprobe irda</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do <COMMAND>lsmod</COMMAND>. It should show the modules irda and irtty now.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
A look into /var/log/messages should show the entry "Serial
connection established" now.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Give <COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> some time, e.g.
seven seconds, to detect other IR
devices. Then watch the output from the kernel that you will
hopefully get in /var/log/messages. It should look like the
following (I removed some lines, which were not related to
Linux/IrDA):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
Jan 2 12:57:26 japh kernel: ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
Jan 2 12:57:26 japh kernel: ttyS02 at 0x03e8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
Jan 2 12:57:26 japh kernel: Linux Support for the IrDA (tm) protocols (Dag Bra
ttli)
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh syslog: executing: 'echo 1 &gt; /proc/sys/net/irda/discovery'
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh syslog: Setting discovery to 1 exited with status 1
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh syslog: + 0.1 Fri Jul 25 11:45:26 1997 Dag Brattli
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh syslog: + 0.1 Fri Jul 25 11:45:26 1997 Dag Brattli
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh syslog: Serial connection established.
Jan 2 12:59:09 japh kernel: IrDA irda_device irda0 registered.
Jan 2 13:01:22 japh syslog: executing: './drivers start '
Jan 2 13:01:22 japh syslog: Serial connection established.
Jan 2 13:01:42 japh syslogd: Printing partial message
Jan 2 13:01:42 japh 0.1 Fri Jul 25 11:45:26 1997 Dag Brattli
Jan 2 13:02:49 japh kernel: IrDA Discovered: japh
Jan 2 13:02:49 japh kernel: Services: Computer
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Even more information you can get with
<COMMAND>cat /proc/net/irda/discovery</COMMAND> .
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Dongle Connection - Infrared Adapters for the Serial Port</TITLE>
<PARA>
The currently supported dongles are the Extended Systems Inc. ESI-9680
JetEye, the Tekram IRmate 210B, the ACTiSYS IR220L and 220L+, the
Greenwich GIrBIL. dongle.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote (modified by wh): "To use dongles you have to do
something like this:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
modprobe tekram # or esi or actisys
irattach -d tekram # or -d esi or -d actisys
</PROGRAMLISTING>
<COMMAND>modprobe</COMMAND> is not necessary, if
<FILENAME>/etc/modules.conf</FILENAME> is correct.
As you can see, you must still use the <COMMAND>-d</COMMAND>
option with <COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> since
it is possible to have two serial ports using different dongles at the
same time (so the tty you are binding must know which dongle it is
supposed to use). So if you have two dongles and two serial ports, you
could do something like this:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
modprobe tekram
modprobe esi
irattach /dev/ttyS0 -d esi &
irattach /dev/ttyS1 -d tekram &
</PROGRAMLISTING>
PS: I would not try to turn the two dongles against each other, since
I really don't know how the stack would react :-) ... Since I don't
have any of these new ACTiSYS 220L+ dongles, I'm not able to test it.
Since the new dongle has support for one extra speed (38400bps), you
must specify the dongles differently with
<COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> so that the kernel
knows which dongle you are using (and what QoS can be used):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
irattach /dev/ttyS0 -d actisys # for the 220L dongle
irattach /dev/ttyS0 -d actisys+ # for the 220L+ dongle
</PROGRAMLISTING>
The current implementation of dongle support does not have any state
associated with it, so its not possible to use both ACTiSYS dongles
(220L and 220L+) at the same time (connected to two serial ports) for
now. If someone needs to be able to do so, please mail me (Dag
Brattli) and I will think about it!"
</PARA>
<PARA>
Note: When I tried to use an infrared modem (Swissmod 56Ki,
manufactured by Telelink AG) connected to my laptop (IrDA works with
Window$95 only, due to non standard hardware) I had to remove the
infrared support in the BIOS to get it working!
</PARA>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli: "It is now possible to use
<COMMAND>irport</COMMAND> instead of <COMMAND>irtty</COMMAND>! I
have moved all the dongle stuff out of <COMMAND>irtty</COMMAND>
and into <COMMAND>irda_device</COMMAND>, so
it will also be possible to attach dongles to irport. Need however to
make a small user-space utility <COMMAND>dongle_attach</COMMAND>
that can be used to
attach dongles to a specific driver instance.
BTW: <COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> is still
working as before, and you will not notice the difference even when
attaching dongles to <COMMAND>irtty</COMMAND>
(I've just redirected the dongle ioctl to
<COMMAND>irda_device</COMMAND>). Irport may be
interesting since you avoid one software
interrupt (bh) level, and it's also forced to work in half duplex mode
so you don't get any echo if the irda port itself don't have
echo-cancellation (girbil dongle and HP-4000 etc) ... To use it, you
must supply the parameters to <COMMAND>modprobe</COMMAND>
like this: <COMMAND>modprobe irport io=0x3f8
irq=4</COMMAND>, or whichever
values you use. You can also add these parameters
to <FILENAME>/etc/conf.modules</FILENAME> like this:
<COMMAND>options irport io=0x3f8 irq=4</COMMAND>, but
then you must remember to do a <COMMAND>depmod -a</COMMAND>
and use <COMMAND>modprobe irport</COMMAND>
instead of <COMMAND>modprobe</COMMAND>."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Alvin Loh: "Anyone with a ESI 9680C can use both parallax's and ESI's
signalling scheme, meaning they can use Parallax's driver with
ESI9680C to work. "
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Dongle Connection - Infrared Motherboard Adapter</TITLE>
<PARA>
Support for the ACTiSYS IR2000 dongle has been implemented in a file
called pc87108 which you can either compile into the kernel or
<COMMAND>modprobe pc87108</COMMAND> to insert the module
or insert <COMMAND>modprobe pc87108</COMMAND>
into the <FILENAME>/etc/irda/drivers</FILENAME> file (I think).
</PARA>
<PARA>
From James I have this description about setting
up the hardware: There are two configurations, a five pin in line
connector and a 6 pin DIL (at the end of a 18 pin DIL header).
Basically any IrDA conpatible transceiver will work (I have a stack of
old IRM3001 these are now obselete) you need to hook a capacitor (use
a tantalum about ~1uF) between 5V and 0V near the transceiver and then
connect everthing else up
(RX-&gt;RX, TX-&gt;TX, 5V-&gt;5V, and 0V-0V). If you
don't like soldering irons, lots of companies do sell IR modules for
the 5 pin connectors that fit into a hole in your case.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Fast InfraRed (FIR)</TITLE>
<PARA>
The IrDA(TM) standard knows three kinds of speeds:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
SIR = Standard IrDA, up to 115kbps IrDA,
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
MIR = Medium Speed IrDA,
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
FIR = Fast IrDA (4Mbps),
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
VFIR = Very Fast IrDA(16Mbps), seems to become a future standard
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Up to 115.200bps (SIR) many (probably all) infrared controllers work
like a serial port and use a RZI (return to zero, inverted)
modulation. Not every infrared controller supports 4Mps (FIR), up to
4Mbps they have to use 4PPM (4 pulse position) modulation technique.
Currently there are two FIR chips supported: NationalSemiConductor NSC
PC87108 e.g. used in IBM Thinkpad 560X and Winbond W83977AF (IR) FIR
chip e.g. used in the Corel Netwinder PC. You may start the FIR
service by loading the according module. Linux/IrDA will probe your
hardware then. More drivers are under development.
</PARA>
<PARA>
So what speeds can you expect? Using SIR, you should be able to get
about 10 Kbytes/s. Using FIR (4Mbps) you can get over 300 Kbytes/s (if
you are lucky).
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-printer-connection">
<TITLE>Printer Connection - IrLPT, IrTTP, IrCOMM?</TITLE>
<PARA>
IrLPT seems to be replaced by IrCOMM. Sorry I don't have
tested this yet. So this is only the remaining part from
former IrLPT support. Please see mailing list archive for further information.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Edit /etc/conf.modules, as described above.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Remove any current print jobs with lprm "*".
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Run depmod -a .
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
(If you don't use kerneld do a modprobe irtty. Probably obsolet.)
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>su</COMMAND> to root, and do <COMMAND>mknod /dev/irlpt0 c 161 10</COMMAND>.
Note: Something
like ./MAKEDEV irlpt0 is not possible yet.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Try to write a small file to <FILENAME>/dev/irlpt0</FILENAME> by <COMMAND>cat FILE &gt;/dev/irlpt0</COMMAND>
(do not wonder about a bad format this is just a first check). For
me this didn't always work, but I couldn't find out why not.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
The better way is to change your /etc/printcap to use /dev/irlpt0
in addition or instead of /dev/lp1. See Printing-HOWTO for
detailed information.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
For easy printer setup you may use a printing software like
APSFILTER, MagicFilter EZ-Magic (with RedHat there should also be
a GUI for this purpose). Make a copy of /etc/printcap before.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Example for APSFILTER with a HP 6P (non-postscript, HP 6MP is with
postscript). The two relevant questions are:
"Do you have a (s)serial or a (p)arallel printer interface?"
Answer "p"
"What's the device name for your parallel printer interface?"
Answer "/dev/irlpt0"
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Restart the print daemon with kill -HUP &lt;PID of lpd&gt;. If you use
another print daemon choose the according command.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Watch whether the connection indicator of your printer shows
activity, e.g. the green light above the IR port of a HP 6P/MP
comes on (lower left hand corner, near the paper tray).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
I couldn't get to manage printjobs larger than approximately 10
pages yet. But maybe this depends on the memory size of my
hardware, which is 16MB. There seems to be a problem with the
software too, Thomas Davis wrote: "I will ... limit the irlpt, so
it won't eat memory when you send a large print file.".
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Takahide Higuchi reported: " I have been debugging IrCOMM with a
printer ( Canon BJC-80v ) with IrDA port and IrCOMM protocol (not
IrLPT). I can print a short e-mail text though, it easily causes dead
lock when I try to print a postscript with gs."
</PARA>
<PARA>
From the page of Thomas Davis http://www.jps.net/tadavis/irda : To use
the IrLPT server, you need to perform the following steps:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
/sbin/modprobe irlpt_server
/sbin/mknod /dev/irlptd c 10 `grep irlptd /proc/misc|cut -f 1`
</PROGRAMLISTING>
At this point, the IrLPT server is ready to recieve print jobs; now;
all you need is this simple shell script
<PROGRAMLISTING>
#/bin/sh
#
while (true)
do
cat /dev/irlptd | lpr
done
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Dag Brattli: I hope that this will make it easier for all you that
prefer to live in user-space, to make your own IrDA applications and
try it out. Some printers actually use IrTTP (because of the
limitations of IrLPT), so now you can write your own small user-space
printer client so you can talk to it:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
int discover_devices(int fd)
{
struct irda_device_list *list;
unsigned char buf[sizeof(struct irda_device_list) +
sizeof(struct irda_device_info) * MAX_DEVICES];
int len;
int daddr;
int i;
len = sizeof(struct irda_device_list) +
sizeof(struct irda_device_info) * MAX_DEVICES;
list = (struct irda_device_list *) buf;
if (getsockopt(sfd, SOL_IRLMP, IRLMP_ENUMDEVICES, buf, &amp;len)) {
perror("getsockopt");
exit(-1);
}
if (len &gt; 0) {
/*
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Just pick the first one, but we should really ask the user
<PROGRAMLISTING>
*/
daddr = list-&gt;dev[0].daddr;
printf("Discovered: (list len=%d)\n", list-&gt;len);
for (i=0;i&lt;list-&gt;len;i++) {
printf(" name: %s\n", list-&gt;dev[i].info);
printf(" daddr: %08x\n", list-&gt;dev[i].daddr);
printf(" saddr: %08x\n", list-&gt;dev[i].saddr);
printf("\n");
}
}
return daddr;
}
void client()
{
struct sockaddr_irda peer;
int addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_irda);
int daddr, actual;
char buf[1024];
fd = socket(AF_IRDA, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
daddr = discover_devices(fd);
peer.sir_family = AF_IRDA;
strcpy(peer.sir_name, "P1284");
peer.sir_addr = daddr;
connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &amp;daddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_irda));
/* Try to send something */
actual = send(fd, "Testing", 8, 0);
/* Try to read reply */
actual = recv(fd, buf, 1024, 0);
}
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-lan-connection">
<TITLE>LAN Connection - IrLAN</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
You might connect your Linux box using IrLAN to another network
device such as a Linux box with IrLAN, a HP NetBeamer or a
Window$95 box with Infrared Network Device support.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote: "If you want to use IrLAN you must modprobe
irlan_client before ifup eth0. I had to remove the
request_module() stuff since that needed a process context which I
don't have in the kernel. "
Maybe you have to choose the access mode. You can do this by using
modprobe irlan access=1 for direct mode. IrLAN states that a
provider can either be in direct mode, or in peer mode, so you
currently have to choose when you start IrLAN.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Run ifconfig eth0 up &lt;ip_address&gt; netmask &lt;ip_netmask&gt; to
configure it with IP-address and other parameters. If the protocol
is still running you may start communicating. It is possible to
use RedHat's netcfg to do this, since it makes it very easy. Next
time you only need to do /sbin/ifup eth0. Notice that ifconfig
does not know how to deal with IrLAP addresses, so the address is
really just the 4 first bytes (in little endian format).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Test the network device by pinging to it. For detailed information
about further setup see the NET3-HOWTO.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do not forget to add a route, e.g. route add default gw
&lt;ip_gateway&gt; or route add -host &lt;target host&gt; dev eth0.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Ping to another IP now, to test the connection.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
For testing reasons I recommend only to use one laptop and one IR
ethernet device in the same room. If there are problems look which
different modes for the IR ethernet device are possible. Try them.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-netbeamer-connection">
<TITLE>HP NetBeamer Connection</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Edited <FILENAME>/etc/irda/drivers</FILENAME> to include
<COMMAND>irattach /dev/ttyS0</COMMAND> (or
whatever your "serial" IrDA port is, WH).
Also <FILENAME>/etc/modules.conf</FILENAME>
contains <COMMAND>alias tty-ldisc-11 irtty</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> then
<COMMAND>echo 3 &gt; /proc/sys/net/irda/debug</COMMAND> to see
what's going on.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>modprobe irlan</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
I had to
<COMMAND>echo 9 &gt; /proc/sys/net/irda/slot_timeout</COMMAND> (use 90 for
newer kernels!) in order to have the NetbeamIR recognized.
Otherwise I was only getting a bunch of "media busy" messages, and
no actual discovery of the NetbeamIR. 9 is the smallest value that
worked for me.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
renamed /etc/irda/network.orig to /etc/irda/network and edited
/etc/irda/network.opts for my IP config. Also copied
/etc/pcmcia/shared to /etc/irda (this file is apparently missing
from the distribution).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
I also had to comment out <COMMAND>grep_stab $1 &lt; /var/run/stab</COMMAND>
(line 131) in <FILENAME>/etc/irda/shared</FILENAME>.
For some reason it fails, spitting a "usage" message.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
moved laptop in range, the NetbeamIR is discovered, irlan0 created
and config'ed.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
transferred data at 7 kb/s, both ways: ping, ftp, telnet. Yaho!
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-palm-connection">
<TITLE>Palm III Connection - IrCOMM</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
PPP
Rui Oliveira wrote: "This is just to let you know that with the
latest IrCOMM patch (050998) of Takahide Higuchi, I managed to
HotSync and establish a PPP connection between my Palm III and my
Linux box. I'm using IRLink (from IsComplete) to redirect the
serial port to ir. Communication with pilot-xfer (probably at
http://www.slac.com/pilone/kpilot_home/mainpage.html) works
flawlessly. Although I was able to establish a PPP connection, I'm
still unable to fetch mail and do Web browsing. This is probably
due to connection time-outs. I am checking this out. Please see
the
<ULINK URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org">PPP-HOWTO</ULINK>
for further information about PPP.
... I managed to establish an apparently robust connection between
my Linux box and a Palm III. The pppd invocation I use is as
follows:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
/usr/sbin/pppd /dev/ircomm0 57600 192.168.2.10:192.168.2.11
proxyarp passive silent persist noauth local nodetach
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Over the PPP connection I used ping, ssh, and http.
Strange is however the fact that discovery must be enabled (maybe
obsolet) . Otherwise, even with an active IrCOMM connection, the
link goes down due to a IrLAP disconnect.
The pilot-link tools (used for Linux/Palm synchronization) also
ran flawlessly over IrCOMM via <FILENAME>/dev/ircomm0</FILENAME>."
There are also reports about <COMMAND>kpilot</COMMAND>, though not working as
flawlessly as <COMMAND>pilot-xfer</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
IrCOMM
Jon Howell wrote: "I thought I'd try IrCOMM, since the Palm III
can be made to reroute serial info to the IR port (using IrLink
from IS/Complete, available at http://www.palmcentral.com), and then you
can run a terminal program (like PalmTelnet in serial mode) over
IrDA. I can only assume it's using the IrCOMM protocol. I've
tested this configuration between two Palm Pilots, but of course I
can't know what the protocol running over the IR is."
(1) Start HotSync on your Palm. You need the
<ULINK URL="http://www.palm.com/custsupp/downloads/irenhanc.html">IrDA upgrade</ULINK> for the
Palm to have IrCOMM support
(2) Place the Palm in front of the dongle.
(3) Start <COMMAND>pilot-xfer -p /dev/ircomm0 -s &lt;sync-dir&gt;</COMMAND> .
And if you are lucky it will start syncing. If you start
<COMMAND>pilot-xfer</COMMAND> before you start HotSync on the Pilot, you will _not_
be lucky!
Maybe a terminal program like <COMMAND>PalmTerm</COMMAND> is also useful.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Wessel de Roode wrote: The Palmpilot is default locked on 57k. You can
however if you write your own software for the Pilot, use the 115k
line settings. I quote a part from the irlib.h:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
---------- irlib.h from the SDK 3.0 from palmpilot -----
// Options values for IrOpen
#define irOpenOptBackground 0x80000000 // Unsupported background task use
#define irOpenOptSpeed115200 0x0000003F // sets max negotiated baud rate
#define irOpenOptSpeed57600 0x0000001F // default is 57600
#define irOpenOptSpeed9600 0x00000003
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Peter Pregler reported: If the Palm enters the range of the
irda-device a popup appears with the text "Transmission: waiting for
sender"
</PARA>
<PARA>
Ron Choy answered: There is a software called ShutupIR that is
supposed to help with this problem of annoying popup
http://hp.vector.co.jp/authors/VA005810/irda/shutup10.zip I haven't
tried it but it looks like it would fix your problem.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-terminal-palm">
<TITLE>Linux Terminal on Palm (Handspring Visor) via IR</TITLE>
<PARA>
by Chris Morris on Linux/IrDA list: In
addidtion to using IR to hotsync my Handspring Visor I got my
Handspring visor to work as a linux text terminal via infrared last
night. My computer is a Dell Inspiron 3800 (BTW I wracked my brains
for weeks trying to get IR to work under the 2.4.0 kernel. The whole
problem was caused by Linux looking at the wrong IRQ for ttyS3 . Maybe
the IR HOWTO should mention that at some point.). I am using Beam Sync
for Visor V1.0b2 by Hacker Dude-san.
<ULINK URL="http://www.tt.rim.or.jp/~tatsushi">N.N.</ULINK>
and MTerm by Shigeyuki Seko (seko@.jps.net). On the laptop I have
IR set to SIR mode and COM 3 via
BIOS. I have to set /dev/ttyS3 to IRQ3 via setserial /dev/ttyS3 irq 3
on boot up. After boot up I do a:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
/sbin/modprobe irda
/sbin/modprobe irtty
/sbin/modprobe ircomm
/sbin/ircomm-tty
/usr/sbin/irattach /dev/ttyS3 -s
</PROGRAMLISTING>
<COMMAND>cat /proc/net/irda/discovery</COMMAND> shows the visor as IrComm Now
/etc/mgetty+fax/mgetty.conf has to have these options: port ttyS3
direct y speed 9600 , faster maybe possible but only 9600 worked for
me so far toggle-dtr n Then in /etc/inittab: palm:235:respawn:
/sbin/mgetty ircomm0 After all of this I can start MTerm, issue a
'/sbin/init q' then send a few &lt;CR&gt; from the Visor and I get a text
termianl login. While composing this email I found a previously
undiscovered website that seems most helpful:
http://abgruen.de/palm/palm-ppp-mini.txt
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-psion5-connection">
<TITLE>Psion 5 Connection</TITLE>
<PARA>
Andrew Chadwick wrote: A nifty way to
check that the baud rates for SIR are set up properly (if you have a
Psion Series 5) is to point the S5 at your Linux box's IR window and
try to beam a file. While the beamer dialog's on the screen, the S5
will try to make an IrDA connection (even when it claims it can't find
another IR machine). You should be able to do a cat > /dev/ttyS3 and
if the serial parameters are right on both machines, you should see
the words "Symbian EPOC" (machine ident) scroll past amidst the spew.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Fons Botman wrote: " Maybe someone with a Psion 5 would like to test
this program. It emulates the protocol for the Psion 5 IR send and
receive command for files on linux. You can now exchange files with
simple commands. The transfer rate is 9.7 KBytes/sec on a 115KB SIR
link for big files which is not bad methinks. It is beta, so be sure
to backup the Psion first, I did get a soft reset once (no data loss).
;-)" I have put the source into the appendix.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-wince-connection">
<TITLE>Connecting from Linux to WinCE</TITLE>
<PARA>
Submitted by Arthur Tyde and Bryan Abshier of Linuxcare Inc.
</PARA>
<PARA>
This will tell you how to set up a masqueraded PPP connection via.
IrDA from WinCE to a Linux based notebook computer. Once you are IP
connected, the rest is up to you. We put this together as a guide for
Sony notebook users with Casio E-100/105 PDA's, though the procedure
should work for any WinCE 2.11 device with infrared capabilities
talking to any notebook. Do all the Linux side testing signed on as
root, standard warnings apply.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Configure WinCE
Configure a network connection for your WinCE device. Go into
"Connections" and create a "Direct Connection" Name it something
meaningful, for device select "Infrared Port". Go into settings and
change the baud rate to 115200, this is the max for WinCE. Go to
TCP/IP settings and check "Use server-assigned IP address," and "Use
software compression," and "Use IP header compression" Make sure "Use
Slip," is unchecked. For Name Servers, make sure "Use server-assigned
addresses" is checked. Go to Start, Settings, Communications,
Identification and enter something for the Device Name. (I used
"cetoy") You most likely already have these values set if you have
synced with a Win9x desktop using Activesynch.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Configure Linux/IrDA
Set up IrDA support on your notebook (described elsewhere) and get to
the point where your notebook will discover an IrDA compliant device.
A good sign is the irda0 device will show up when you execute
ifconfig. It will not have an IP address, this is ok.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Setup the Connection
Test the discovery by setting an IrDA device in range of your IR port,
wait 5 seconds, and;
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>cat /proc/net/irda/discovery</COMMAND>
</PARA>
<PARA>
For example, the Ericsson I888 World Phone with IR port enabled should
immediately show something like this;
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
"name:I 888 WORLD ,hint:0x9104,saddr:0x838470e5,daddr:0x152dceaa"
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Your WinCE machine will not be discovered unless it's actively looking
for a connection. So, if you want to test with WinCE position your
device and double tap on the network icon you created in step 2, you
should see something like this:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
"name:mytoy,hint:0x8204,saddr:0x838470e5,daddr:0x00000b72"
</PROGRAMLISTING>
The name displayed will be whatever value you have entered into the
Start, Settings, Communications, Identification as the Device Name. At
this point, with basic IrDA functioning- we can move on to
establishing a PPP connection for WinCE. These scripts can also be
used for serial cable connects. Create the following files and copy
them into the directory indicated.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>/usr/sbin/cebox.sh</COMMAND> - make it executable
<PROGRAMLISTING>
#!/bin/sh
pppd call cebox
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Because Microsoft likes to break standards, you need the following
chat script. This will feed WinCE the proper ASCII keywords it wants
before allowing a PPP connection.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>/etc/ppp/cebox.chat</COMMAND>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
TIMEOUT 3600
"CLIENT" "CLIENT\c"
"" "SERVER\c"
</PROGRAMLISTING>
The following file will allow you to specify the IP addresses, IR (or
serial port if using a cable) device, DNS and so forth. I do not
recommend you change the 192.IP addresses below. WinCE really has an
affection for 192.168.55.100 because all the MS synch tools seem to
have it hardcoded. DNS can be whatever you normally use.
</PARA>
<PARA>
/etc/ppp/peers/cebox
<PROGRAMLISTING>
/dev/ircomm0 115200 crtscts
connect '/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/ppp/cebox.chat'
noauth
local
192.168.55.101:192.168.55.100
ms-dns 10.2.0.1
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Testing the connection
Ok, now you can test the connection to make sure it all works. Reboot
your machine, run irattach /dev/ttyS2 -s 1 (/dev/ttyS2 being the
serial port your BIOS sees the IR device as, if irattach is not
running, start it) Align the IR ports, at the Linux command prompt
type /usr/sbin/cebox.sh, and simultaneously press return to start
cebox and double tap your connection icon in WinCE. You should get a
happy message from WinCE reporting Connecting to Host, Device
Connected, Authenticating User, User Authenticated and finally
Connected. You should see something like this when you are connected:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
irda0 Link encap:IrLAP HWaddr 06:89:d0:58
UP RUNNING NOARP MTU:2048 Metric:1
RX packets:246 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:251 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:8
ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
inet addr:192.168.55.101 P-t-P:192.168.55.100 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:10 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:10
</PROGRAMLISTING>
The following script sets up IrDA, establishes a ppp connection with
WinCE, and then sets up IP masquerading. It is provided as an example
of how you can tie this all together. This is more or less a manual
approach. You can get creative, start irattach at boot and stick a
line in inittab to constantly look for a WinCE connection on the IR
port. This will however, run down your batteries and limit your
ability to access other IR gadgets. I just use the script below.
Position the device, run wince and start communications on your PDA
when the script tells you to.
</PARA>
<PARA>
/usr/local/bin/wince - make this executable
<PROGRAMLISTING>
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
#
# Enable IrDA, start ppp0 and set up WinCE masquerading
# A. Tyde - Linuxcare Inc.
#
print "\n-&gt; Setting up IR infrastructure...\n";
system("killall irattach 2&gt;/dev/null");
sleep 1;
system("/usr/sbin/cebox.sh");
print " Start WinCE Serial or IR networking now!\n";
open(ECHO,"&gt;/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward") or die "Can not open /proc/sys/net/
ipv4/ip_forward";
print ECHO "1";
close (ECHO);
print " Serving 192.168.55.100 to WinCE device...\n\n";
system("ipchains -F");
sleep 5;
system("ipchains -P forward DENY");
system("ipchains -A forward -s 192.168.55.100/32 -j MASQ");
exit 0;
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-cellular-phone-connection">
<TITLE>Cellular Phone Connection</TITLE>
<PARA>
As far as I know some cellular phones use the IrCOMM standard, e.g.
Ericsson SH888 and NOKIA 6110 (I'm not sure about the NOKIA 8110).
Maybe other cellular phones use the IrOBEX standard (see the Palm III
section for information about setting up a connection) or IrMC.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="http://www.gnokii.org">gnokii</ULINK>
is a Linux/Unix tool suite and soon to be modem/fax driver
for Nokia (GSM) mobile phones. Phones supported include 3110,
3810, 8110, 5110, 6110 and their derivatives.
</PARA>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Motorola Timeport GSM</TITLE>
<PARA>
Michael McConnell <!-- soruk@eridani.co.uk -->
has posted an initial version of a guide to get the Motorola Timeport GSM
phone and Linux-IrDA talking on <ULINK URL=" http://www.eridani.co.uk/docs/linux-timeport/">his website</ULINK>.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Ericsson</TITLE>
<PARA>
1. Configuration
To start a communication session with <FILENAME>/dev/ircomm0</FILENAME> , for instance, say:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
dip -t
&gt; port ircomm0
&gt; term
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Probably you may use <COMMAND>cu</COMMAND> or <COMMAND>xc</COMMAND> instead of
<COMMAND>dip</COMMAND>, too <COMMAND>cu -l /dev/ircomm0</COMMAND>
or <COMMAND>xc -l /dev/ircomm0</COMMAND>. There are also reports
about some efforts with
the Ericsson GF768 and IR Modem DI 27.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Benny Amorsen wrote: The SH888 emulates an IRDA-port when you connect
it using the serial cable. Why someone would think up something weird
like that is beyond me, but that is the way you get it to work in
Windows. Not that I ever managed to make it work in Windows, though.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Ales Dryak has send this survey (looks like a Debian/GNU Linux
distribution, please modify your configuration accordingly). Mobile
Ericsson SH888 <COMMAND>ati1 = 980408 1035 PRGCXC125101</COMMAND>:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
mknod /dev/ircomm0 c 161 0
mknod /dev/ircomm1 c 161 1
</PROGRAMLISTING>
2. /etc/conf.modules:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
alias tty-ldisc-11 irtty
alias char-major-161 ircomm-tty
</PROGRAMLISTING>
3. /etc/irda/drivers: irattach /dev/ttyS0 -s 1 # (IrDA port in SIR
mode)
4. /etc/chatscripts/sh888
<PROGRAMLISTING>
&lt;ABORT stuff&gt;
"" \d\d\d\d\d\dATZE0
OK ATD&lt;phone number to call)
CONNECT \d\c
</PROGRAMLISTING>
5. /etc/ppp/peers/sh888
<PROGRAMLISTING>
noauth
connect "/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/chatscripts/sh888"
/dev/ircomm
115200
defaultroute
noipdefault
user &lt;your username&gt; # don't forget to add your password to chap secrets or chat script
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
A few seconds (app. 30) after executing pppd call sh888 I get
connected to our Intranet/Internet having full IP connectivity
(telnet, ftp, www, icmp tested). Futhermore I can connect to
/dev/ircomm using minicom and play with AT command. Great! And looks
stable!
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>SH888 Phonebook Tool</TITLE>
<PARA>
Gerhard Gonter reported: Several members of the list are successfully
using the Ericsson mobile phone SH888 with the Linux-IrDA software,
usually to use it as a modem. The software is also quite useful to
access other parts of the phone using AT commands. The built-in
phonebook is an interesting target.
</PARA>
<PARA>
After A quick research on the Internet (FreshMeat, Deja, YAHOO), I did
not find any phonebook tool for Linux (or another Unix). To solve that
problem, I wrote a small Perl script and a related module. Since this
now works acceptably well for me, I decided to wrap that up and
release it at this early stage of development. The tarball can be
retrieved from
http://falbala.wu-wien.ac.at:8684/pub/english.cgi/0/172903 as
http://falbala.wu-wien.ac.at:8684/pub/english.cgi/d172914/sh888-0.01.t
ar.gz
</PARA>
<PARA>
In the mailing list gsmlib was also recommended, though ... there was
no way for me to use this over infrared, no connection with my sh888.
Florian Lohoff reported: Works (kind of) with the S25. I needed to
change a ifdef as it seems the S25 does not respond with CR LF ...But
setting a link from /dev/mobilephone -&gt; /dev/ircomm lets me send SMS
via the S25 without a problem. Phonebook backup does NOT work because
the S25 does some silly responses to probably empty phonebooks.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The specifications for SMS messages and phone books can be downloaded
free (of charge, not FSF free ;-) from ETSI. Search for GSM 07.07 (you
might also want GSM 07.05). You have to register before downloading
it. The standards are in Acrobat PDF format. The S25 supported
commands are available on the Siemens websites as a PDF for free.
</PARA>
<PARA>
A survey of the AT commands for the SH888 is at
http://mobileinternet.ericsson.se/emi_download/sh888/888_R1D.pdf
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>NOKIA</TITLE>
<PARA>
Carlos Vidal wrote: Correct me if I'm wrong, but it seems to me that
Nokia telephones do not contain a genuine hardware modem, but
something which is similar in principle to WinModems for PC. Whenever
Nokia writes about modem communication, they use the name "Windows
software modem" (or something similar). Which is actually backed up by
the need to use special Nokia software for Windows (called Nokia
Cellular Data Suite).
</PARA>
<PARA>
Joonas Lehtinen wrote: This is true with 61xx models. Models: 8810,
9000(i) and 9110 should work fine. (They have inbuilt modem). My Nokia
9000 reports IrCOMM with linux.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Some suggestion by Carlos Vidal carlos@tarkus.se : "I'm doing some
tests trying to see how far can I get with my Nokia 6110 on Linux.
I've just compiled gnokii-0.2.4 (gnokii is Nokia mobile phones
connected via serial cable support for Linux and *BSD
http://multivac.fatburen.org/gnokii/ , WH), but it doesn't work. As I
have Nokia Data Suite I did the following connection:
</PARA>
<PARA>
Nokia 6110 &lt;-- Nokia Cable --&gt; PC/Linux &lt;-- Null-modem cable --&gt;
PC/W95
</PARA>
<PARA>
In the PC/Linux I run the program snooper (by Jun-ichiro itojun Itoh
, sorry couldn't find an URL maybe some other
sniffer will do it also, e.g. sniffit, see also appendix about serial
sniffers, WH) with small modifications in order to configure the
serial port correctly.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Normally, if snooper has the correct baud rate, the phone and the
PC/W95 should communicate as if there was no snooper in between. This
worked pretty well when I cracked the protocol of my Minolta camera.
The problem here is that the phone doesn't answer or hangs after a
while.
</PARA>
<PARA>
It seems that the timing is quite important during the initial phase
of the communication. The log I obtain is:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
0&gt;1: UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
line 0: LE *DTR *RTS ST SR CTS CD RI *DSR
line 1: LE *DTR *RTS ST SR CTS CD RI *DSR
0&gt;1: UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU
UUUUUUUUUUUUUUU\x1e\x00\x0c\x02\x00\x09\x00\x01\x00\x0d\x00\x00\x02\x01@\x00P\x
06
1&gt;0: \x18\x00\x00\x00\xfc\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\xf0
0&gt;1: \x1e\x00\x0c\x02\x00\x09\x00\x01\x00\x0d\x00\x00\x02\x01@\x00P\x06
1&gt;0: \x18\x00\x00\x00\x18\x00\x00\xc0\xf0\x18\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xc0\xf0
0&gt;1: \x1e\x00\x0cd\x00\x06\x00\x01\x00\x10\x01`\x13\x13
1&gt;0: \x18\x00\x00\xf0\x00\x00\xfc
0&gt;1: \x1e\x00\x0cd\x00\x06\x00\x01\x00\x10\x01`\x13\x13
</PROGRAMLISTING>
0 is the PC/95 and 1 is the phone. The communication starts with a
stream of 'U' (0x55) and with DSR/DTR on. The phone answers with '0x18
0x00 ...'. This dialog continues for a while as if both were deaf and
finally the phone crashes and the only way to reset it is to remove
the batteries!
</PARA>
<PARA>
I guess that what happens is that the phone is trying to find the
correct baud-rate and fails because of the delays introduced by
snooper. This probably has to do with some IrDA protocol used with
also with the infrared connection."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Wessel de Roode "I managed to get the
Discovery IR hint bits (with my Palm Pilot):
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
Discover:
0:xxxxxxxx:81.01
01 IR_HINT_PNP 01 IR_HINT_TELEPHONY (IrMC ?)
80 IR_HINT_EXT
Device info query:
\006Device\012DeviceName
4e 6f 6b 69 61 20 36 31 30 30 Nokia 6100
</PROGRAMLISTING>
I also managed to query the PNP device of the Nokia. It has one PNP
device. It's PNPC100 which equalt a 9600 baud modem. I deleted the
query, if somene can send me a hint to restore it. was somthing like
IrDA:&lt;dunno&gt;:PNP:Comp#01 The same query with IrDA:&lt;dunno&gt;:PNP:CompCnt
gives the number of PNP-devices are available in the Nokia. Which is
here only one."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Maybe it is necessary to load the irlpt_server module for connections
to a NOKIA.
</PARA>
<PARA>
There are also reports about gsmlib for sending and receiving sms
messages, updating address books etc). These functions are working,
except for minor charset problems.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Siemens S25</TITLE>
<PARA>
Configuration
By Florian Lohoff: "Do it step by step - Get your
irda working irattach /dev/ttySx etc. Then have a look at the
/proc/net/irda/discovery whether you find something like this:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
(flo@paradigm)~# cat /proc/net/irda/discovery
IrLMP: Discovery log:
nickname: SIEMENS S25, hint: 0x9024, saddr: 0x4286ce23, daddr: 0x04295741
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Now load ircomm and ircomm-tty and normally(tm) you should be able to
connect to the correct /dev/ircomm and you can easily dial and
load/backup the phonebook etc ...", e.g. with minicom.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Timo Felbinger describes the connection between a Toshiba and a
Siemens S25:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
kernel 2.2.12 and patch-2.2.12-irda3, IrDA support in the kernel,
ircomm and ircomm-tty as a module
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>mknod /dev/ircomm0 c 161 0</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
modprobe ircomm, modprobe ircomm-tty
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
start irattach with modprobe toshoboe in the start section of
/etc/irda/drivers . Note: don't load toshoboe before the
irattach, this may cause device or resource busy
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
after dip -t and the command port ircomm0 the S25 shows a
connection. Note: the IR port of the S25 has to be activated of
course, the distance between the two devices seems not critical.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
After term the S25 behaves like the usual Hayes modem and can be
used with the AT commands.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
dial-out with pppd works out of the box.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>German e-plus</TITLE>
<PARA>
A note to German e-plus users:
</PARA>
<PARA>
Every e-plus contract (except Free&amp;Easy) contains a PPP conncetion to
the WWW (no separate registration necessary). This service is
available around Germany under the phone number 123100. This worked
also out of the box.
</PARA>
<PARA>
pppd configuration:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
/dev/ircomm0
defaultroute
netmask 255.255.255.0
debug
mtu 552
crtscts
noauth
connect '/usr/sbin/chat -v -f /etc/ppp/eplus.chat'
chat script /etc/ppp/eplus.chat:
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
ABORT "BUSY"
ABORT "ERROR"
ABORT "NO CARRIER"
ABORT "NO DIALTONE"
ABORT "NO ANSWER"
SAY "initializing modem..."
"" "AT"
"OK" "ATZ"
SAY "dialing..."
"OK" "ATDT123100"
SAY "waiting for CONNECT..."
"CONNECT" ""
SAY "connected!"
SAY ""
</PROGRAMLISTING>
For the nameserver you may use 192.76.144.66 . Username or password
are not necessary.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-digital-camera-connection">
<TITLE>Digital Camera Connection</TITLE>
<PARA>
Markus Schill wrote: "Great that there are also other people who are
interested in using the SONY DSC-F1 IR adapter under linux. Up to now
I have only toyed around with the linux-irda software and the serial
IR adapter from PuMa Technologies that came with the camera. This is
the status. I am using linux 2.0.33 and the latest linux-irda... If I
use:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
modprobe irda
modprobe irtty
irattach /dev/ircomm0
</PROGRAMLISTING>
the adapter starts talking to the camera. /var/log/messages says that
SONY-DSC-F1 was found, but no service is started. (Please note, this
probably doesn't apply to the 2.2.x kernel versions of Linux/IrDA,
[WH]).
</PARA>
<PARA>
There are two programs for linux available that can be used for the
communication with the camera via cable: (1) chotplay and (2)
stillgrab. They both take a tty as commandline option, so I guess that
they should work if the irtty layer of the protocol stack works
correctly ... I have not looked at anything in the linux-irda code,
yet!). I am not sure whether I understand the stack but shouldn't the
irtty make the thing look like a normal tty? What service should be
started. "
</PARA>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote: "I'm not sure which application level protocol the
camera uses, but it is possible that it implements the IrDA(TM)
Infrared Transfer Picture Specification (IrTran-P). If you take a look
at http://www.irda.org/standards/pubs/IrTran-P_10.pdf, you will see
that it is a protocol which is implemented above IrCOMM (not IrTTY!).
IrTTY is something we use just to be able to talk to the Linux serial
driver. "
</PARA>
<PARA>
The Kodak-Digital-Camera-HOWTO by David Burley
now describes how to get IrDA working and
implemented to get communications and to use the DigitalOS camera's
with Linux and IrDA.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-windows-linux-connection">
<TITLE>Window$9x/NT and Linux/IrDA</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Introduction</TITLE>
<PARA>
Why this? Unfortunately Linux users are not always supported with the
necessary hardware information. Sometimes it is possible to look at
this informations in Window$95. Sometimes its even useful to connect
the two. Linux could also provide occasional access point services to
a Window95 laptop of a friend dropping by.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Where to get it from? At http://www.microsoft.com in the directory
/Windows95/downloads/contents/WURecommended/S_WUCommunications/W95IrDA
/ you will find a support pack Infrared Transfer 2.0. It is a
self-extracting archive W95IR.EXE with 331KB. Note: Microsoft seems to
change the location of this file (and others) at random, the former
URL is Microsoft Windows95 IrDA - Old
</PARA>
<PARA>
Microsoft(tm) has three versions of IrDA support for Windows95. The
version number can be found in the "Software" icon in the Control
Panel and the file infrared.inf.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Version 1.0 is still delivered with some hardware.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Version 2.0 is the version they currently offer at their web site. It
is in the self-extracting file W95IR.EXE. The last time I looked
(1999-02-21) it was 434KB and was found at
http://support.microsoft.com/download/support/mslfiles/W95IR.EXE .
Their website is frequently changing, so do not be surprised to find
the file (also) in another location or not at all.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Version 3.0 can/could be found in their downloadable Infrared
development kit IRDDK30, but is mostly useful for developers. It is
internally different from 2.0, it is based on "miniport" network
drivers, just like the Linux version. It exists for some time and has
some support for NT, but it clearly did not make it into the
mainstream NT4.0 distributions. For 95 you are probably better off
with 2.0. The choice may depend on the documentation of the drivers
you get with your specific hardware.
</PARA>
<PARA>
MS website also used to contain a nice utility IrXfer, contained in
the archive IRXFER.EXE, This is the Infrared Transfer utility, which
uses an IrOBEX variant I think, it is referenced in the IrOBEX
protocol description. The utility was freely downloadable, but I could
not find it the last time. It is a nice graphical utility which can be
used to transfer files over IrDA between computers.
</PARA>
<PARA>
With some machines, e.g. a HP Omnibook 800 it is necessary to use a
vendor specific version of this package (for the HP Omnibook 800 you
may find it on the recovery CD).
</PARA>
<PARA>
Especially the ..\windows\inf\*.inf files and the device manager are
of interest to look for configuration details.
</PARA>
<PARA>
As far as I know Window$NT doesn't support IrDA(TM). About Window$98 I
have heard there is no IrDA(TM) support yet. Countersys on
http://www.countersys.com claims to sell an IrDA solution for NT4.0 to
support their JetBeam product, Microsoft refers to them for it.
</PARA>
<PARA>
AFAIK:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Windows95 : use 2.0
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Windows98 : delivered with 3.0 and IrXfer (works with Linux/IrDA,
IrOBEX?)
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
WindowsNT4.0: no IrDA
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Windows2000 : 3.0(+?) http://www.microsoft.com/hwdev/infrared/
</PARA>
<PARA>
There are also some non M$ products available. Note: Some of them use
proprietary infrared protocols:
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
CounterPoint: QuickBeam 1.15 (works with Linux/IrDA, IrOBEX?)
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
LapLink 7.5
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
CarbonCopy 32 4.0
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
pc ANYWHERE 7.5
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Puma Technology: TRANXIT pro 4.0
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Connection between Linux/IrDA and Window$95 IrDA(TM)</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may use
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">IrNET</ULINK>
.
<PARA>
<!--
<PARA>
I suppose there are four ways to connect Linux/IrDA and Window$95:
</PARA>
<PARA>
1) A network connection between two PC's. If you have set up Infrared
Transfer 2.0, you will find an IrDA(TM) network device in the &lt;Network
Device Section&gt;. But I couldn't get a working connection yet.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
To accept login via IrCOMM, use this as a root: First, please
enable IrDA and IrCOMM. Then edit /etc/inittab and add a line like
this:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
T1:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L -w ircomm0 38400 vt100
</PROGRAMLISTING>
and do this as a root: init q. And init will start waiting for
incoming IrCOMM connection. You will see your favorite Linux's
login prompt from terminal emulator on Win95!
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
If you try pppd, please consider the -crtscts option to disable
flow-control. I implemented some flow-control emulation but it is
not tested.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Now my patch reports what kind of features is needed by the peer
infrared device. Messages like this will be written in syslog:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
Sep 4 10:01:02 monolith kernel: parse_control:instruction(0x12)
Sep 4 10:01:02 monolith kernel: data:03
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
I especially want to know what message SH888 (or other infrared
devices except for win95 PC) says. So please mail me your syslog
generated during IrCOMM connection! If you have a copy of the
IrCOMM specification written by IrDA(TM), please see page 34 or
38, and you will know what these messages mean."
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
4) From Fons Botman: IrLPT works fine. Make Linux the IrLPT server,
and in Windows95 configure a printer to use the virtual LPT port
defined when you installed MS-IrDA. Windows95 periodically sends some
short sequence to the printer, I still have to figure out what that
is. (This is probably obsolet WH)
</PARA>
-->
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Communication between Win98 and Linux</TITLE>
<PARA>
Ha Duong Minh: Today I am delighted to report
that ircp from the openobex project,
http://sourceforge.net/projects/openobex/ works like a charm to
transfer files between my linux box and its win98 cousin. It can't be
simpler: ircp file1, file2, ... or: ircp -r [DEST] Send files
over IrDA. Use -r to receive files.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-linux-linux-connection">
<TITLE>Linux to Linux Connection</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Connection Methods</TITLE>
<PARA>
There should be four ways to get two Linux machines connected via
Linux/IrDA.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote about the IrOBEX support: "The awakened reader
may wonder what prevents the beaming of files from Linux to Linux?
Well, nothing!! (but I haven't tried that yet). This means that we
now have a "simple" way of beaming files between Linux laptops. I
think that this may be the "killer app" we all have been waiting
for!" Try to "load_misc irobex at both ends, and then try
iroabex_app get on one of the machines and irobex put &lt;file&gt; on
the other.".
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Via Linux/IrDA network connection. I suppose you have to load the
module irlan_client at one machine and irlan_server at the other
one.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
With IrCOMM support, in other words over a serial line, which
could mean minicom, pppd, etc. If you want just now to use IrCOMM
between Linux boxes, please add this line to /etc/conf.modules of
_one_ box:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
# set ircomm protocol engine to client-only mode
options ircomm ircomm_cs=1
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Note: Don't add it to both boxes, or they cannot accept incoming
connection each other! But since 2.2.7 there's no need to add
options ircomm ircomm_cs=1 to /etc/conf.modules anymore. Please
remove it if you are using it.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/IrDA/index.html">IrNET</ULINK>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Compression</TITLE>
<PARA>
Please note this feature is still quite experimental! Dag Brattli
wrote: "Just wanted you to know I have just added COMPRESSION support
to IrLAP! As you may know, this is _not_ part of the IrDA(TM)
standard, but Linux can now negotiate with its peer and check if it
has the same compression capabilities). So obviously if you are
talking to Win95, Palm III or whatever, you will _not_ get
compression!!! This is something which is exclusive for Linux as far
as I know! The IrDA(TM) standard says that devices should ignore
unknown field in the negotiation header, so we are still "compatible"
with IrDA(TM) (have just borrowed an unused header value).
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you want to try using the compression code (Linux &lt;-&gt; Linux) you
will have to insert the irda_deflate module some time before you
actually make the connection. I do it before irattach.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The compression standard I have added is the deflate format used by
the zlib library which is described by RFCs (Request for Comments)
1950 to 1952 in the files ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc/rfc1950.txt (zlib
format), rfc1951.txt (deflate format) and rfc1952.txt (gzip format).
</PARA>
<PARA>
The compression interface is similar to PPP, so you can add as many
different compressors as you want. Currently there is only support for
GZIP, but BSD compression will be added later. ... Have just tested
GZIP compression at 4Mbps. It was a really bad idea! Compressing the
frames takes so much time that the performance is actually worse than
when not using compression at all. The conclusion is that compression
should only be used for SIR speeds, ..."
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-multiple-instances">
<TITLE>Multiple Instances</TITLE>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote: "The IrLAP layer has been enhanced to allow more
than one instance (so I can use IrLAN on my built-in ir-port, and
communicate with the Pilot over the IrDA dongle at the same time) ...
So how do you make two Linux/IrDA connections? Well, you just fire up
<COMMAND>irattach</COMMAND> for each of the IrDA ports you have like this:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
irattach /dev/ttyS0 # (my ESI dongle)
irattach /dev/ttyS2 # (my builtin IrDA port)
</PROGRAMLISTING>
Also work with FIR devices like this :
<PROGRAMLISTING>
irattach irda0 -s 1
irattach irda1 -s 1
</PROGRAMLISTING>
They will not see each other if you run them on the same machine,
since they will initiate discovery exactly at the same time. You
should however be able to use them against two other laptops. I can
run a dongle, builtin IrDA port and a IrDA PCMCIA card at the same
time with three other IrDA devices without any problems.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You should notice that if the devices can interfere with each other
then it might be difficult to obtain a connection, since a device is
not allowed to transmit if the media is busy. I sometimes have to put
a book between them."
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-docking-station-connection">
<TITLE>Connection to Docking Station</TITLE>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli: "Connection to the Tekram IRDocking IR-660
http://www.tekram.com/Hot_Products.asp?Product=IR-660 . This device is
a docking station with LAN access, printer, mouse and keyboard. You
can also use them at the same time as the internal mouse and keyboard!
Just fire up gpm -t ps2 /dev/irkbd and the laptop will make a
keyboard/mouse connection to the IR-660. Now I just have to make gpm
read both /dev/psaux and /dev/irkbd, and then make X11 read
/dev/gpmdata, and I should have the thing configured!
</PARA>
<PARA>
... one problem: gpm can handle multiple mice, but Linux cannot handle
multiple different keyboards. So if you have one norwegian keyboard
and one remote US keyboard like I have, then things will be a little
bit confusing. I got a hint from Alan Cox about a project that is
implementing real support for multiple keyboards, so I'll check that
out.
</PARA>
<PARA>
... OK, I sort of worked it out. By using TIOCSTI on /dev/console, you
can insert scancodes directly into the tty queue. This can be a
problem for virtual consoles that expect to receive some translated
and cooked keycodes, but X happens to like raw scancodes, so this will
work quite nice when using X but not for other virtual consoles.
Anyway this is good enough for me, so I will not use a lot of time
converting the scancodes to keycodes and index them with some keymap
just to make it work with text only virtual consoles. As I see it the
irkbd driver has now been successfully been ported to user-space :-)
</PARA>
<PARA>
... the Tekram IR-660 device can, in addition to attach a keyboard and
mouse, also print using IrTTP (it can print using IrLPT, but that is
not so funny since it requires exclusive use of IrLMP, and you don't
wan't to stop the network, mouse and keyboard just to print a
document). I'll try and see if I can get IrTTP printing working using
a fifo as well.
</PARA>
<PARA>
... Tekram has added a control channel in addition to the data channel
so that you can get some status information about what is going on.
The name of their own protocol is P1248. It's published through the
"P1248" class and "IrDA:TinyTP:LsapSel" LM-IAS entry, so you can try
to find it.
</PARA>
<PARA>
... Canon is using the P1248 protocol, and their printer monitor
program BrintBuddy2 (Japanese version) is using this protocol now. I
don't know what they use for the data channel. Maybe they support
TinyTP directly in addition to the other methods. You can try and look
up the "IrLPT" class with the "IrDA:TinyTP:LsapSel" in the LM-IAS and
see if you can find it."
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-keyboard-connection">
<TITLE>Connection to Keyboard</TITLE>
<PARA>
The Linux/IrDA keyboard driver is now in user-space. Please see
chapter Connection to Docking Station above.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Lichen Wang: "The so called IrDA-D standard is designed to transfer
Data. It is not suitable for IR Keyboard. IrDA-D is what Dag ported to
Linux OS and what MS ported to Windows OS.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The so called IrDA-C (Control) is designed for Keyboard, Joy-stick,
etc. I am not aware that there is any product in the market that is
using it yet.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrDA-D cannot talk to IrDA-C. IrDA-C cannot talk to IrDA-D either.
Both the physical encoding/decoding and the software protocol are very
different.
</PARA>
<PARA>
It is possible to implement both IrDA-D and IrDA-C in the same device.
Sharp says that IrDA-D and IrDA-C can coexist -- as long as both of
them are not used at the same time in the same IR space. This sounds
rather funny to me. According to this definition, anything can
co-exist with anything as long as you do not destroy the universe
permanently in the process ;-)
</PARA>
<PARA>
Seriously, what SHARP says is that they can tailor the IrDA-D so that
there are some unused time between the negotiated maximum turnaround
time and the actual transmission. They then squeeze the IrDA-C frames
in those unused time. The IrDA-D Primary and IrDA-C Master must be
implemented in the same device. The keyboards will work, but mice and
joysticks may be sluggish at times."
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-serial-cable-connection">
<TITLE>Connection via Serial Cable</TITLE>
<PARA>
For some reasons it may be useful to connect via serial cable instead
of using a real infrared link. Bjorn Hanson wrote: "Using a cable, I
managed to get a PPP connection through my Ericsson SH888. I did the
following (maybe some steps are wrong but they worked for me :-)
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
added <COMMAND>alias tty-ldisc-11 irtty</COMMAND> to
<FILENAME>/etc/conf.modules</FILENAME>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
edited /etc/irda/drivers to irattach /dev/ttyS0
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
manually inserted the irda and irtty modules using modprobe
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
start irattach
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
run kppp using /dev/ircomm0 (through symlink /dev/modem)
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
executed <COMMAND>stty &lt; /dev/ircomm0</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
ping the host
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>ifconfig irda0 down</COMMAND>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Everything worked fine for ping and ssh (doing ls -l a couple of
times) but the computer hang when I tried to mail (Netscape) this
through that PPP. After reboot I tried both Netscape and lynx. Both
were able to establish contact but none got any data."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Another way by Claudiu Costin:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Linux 2.2.5 with IrDA compiled as modules
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Because irattach don't make kernel to load automatically IrDA
stack, let's type <COMMAND>modprobe actisys</COMMAND> .
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Now, irattach /dev/ttyS1 -d actisys where COM2 is used for null
link
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
ping &lt;address&gt; works very good!
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
This has to be done for both machines.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Please note this is not the recommended stuff to connect two machines.
Use PPP instead. Though I cannot see how this approach is useful I
have included it beause it was asked sometimes in the mailing list.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-null-modem">
<TITLE>Null Modem Cable Connection</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may set up a connection without IrDA capable hardware, using a
serial null modem cable. Just attach the IrDA ports to the serial
ports, .e.g irattach /dev/ttyS0 -s 1 on both machines.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-peer-to-peer">
<TITLE>Peer-to-Peer Mode / Direct Mode</TITLE>
<PARA>
IrCOMM and IrLAN work in both modes, but currently I don't have
further information about the differences between these modes and how
to set them up.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-toshiba-notebooks">
<TITLE>Linux/IrDA with Toshiba Notebooks</TITLE>
<PARA>
Guenther Wieser has written a
<ULINK URL="http://www.creative-it.com/linux/irda/toshiba_irda_howto.html">HOWTO about Toshiba and IrDA</ULINK>
. These
notebooks need the toshoboe Linux/IrDA driver.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-card">
<TITLE>IrDA Card in a Desktop Computer</TITLE>
<PARA>
Some recent motherboards are equipped with IrDA chips, in some cases you
Need IrDA LEDs additionally. You may find a working example described by
<ULINK URL="http://bogmog.sourceforge.net/document_show.php3?doc_id=13">Andreas Gohr</ULINK>.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-hardware-supported">
<TITLE>Hardware Supported by Linux/IrDA</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-obtaining-information">
<TITLE>Obtaining Information about the Infrared Port in Laptops</TITLE>
<PARA>
To get the IrDA port of your laptop working with Linux/IrDA you may
use StandardInfraRed (SIR) or FastInfraRed (FIR).
</PARA>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>SIR</TITLE>
<PARA>
Up to 115.200bps, the infrared port emulates a serial port like the
16550A UART. This will be detected by the kernel serial driver at boot
time, or when you load the serial module. If infrared support is
enabled in the BIOS, for most laptops you will get a kernel message
like:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
Serial driver version 4.25 with no serial options enabled
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A #first serial port /dev/ttyS0
ttyS01 at 0x3000 (irq = 10) is a 16550A #e.g. infrared port
ttyS02 at 0x0300 (irq = 3) is a 16550A #e.g. PCMCIA modem port
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>FIR</TITLE>
<PARA>
If you want to use up to 4Mbps, your machine has to be equipped with a
certain FIR chip. You need a certain Linux/IrDA driver to support this
chip. Therefore you need exact information about the FIR chip. You may
get this information in one of the following ways:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ORDEREDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Read the <EMPHASIS>specification</EMPHASIS> of the machine, though it is very rare that you will find enough and reliable information there.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Try to find out whether the FIR chip is a <EMPHASIS>PCI</EMPHASIS> device. Do a <COMMAND>cat /proc/pci</COMMAND> . The appropriate files for 2.2.x kernels are in <FILENAME>/proc/bus/pci</FILENAME> . Though often the PCI information is incomplete. You may find the latest information about PCI devices and vendor numbers in the kernel documentation usually in <FILENAME>/usr/src/linux/Documentation</FILENAME> or at the page of Craig Hart
<ULINK URL="http://members.hyperlink.net.au/~chart">http://members.hyperlink.net.au/~chart</ULINK>
. From kernel 2.1.82 on, you may use <COMMAND>lspci</COMMAND> from the <COMMAND>pci-utils</COMMAND> package, too.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Use the <EMPHASIS>DOS tool</EMPHASIS> <COMMAND>CTPCI330.EXE</COMMAND> provided in ZIP format by the German computer magazine CT <ULINK
URL="ftp://www.heise.de/pub/ct/ctsi/ctpci330.zip"
>ftp://www.heise.de/pub/ct/ctsi/ctpci330.zip</ULINK
>. The information provided by this program is sometimes better than that provided by the Linux tools.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Try to get information about <EMPHASIS>Plug-and-Play (PnP)</EMPHASIS> devices. Though I didn't use them for this purpose yet, the <COMMAND>isapnp</COMMAND> tools, could be useful.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
If you have installed the <EMPHASIS>Linux/<trademark class="registered">IrDA</trademark> software</EMPHASIS> load the FIR modules and watch the output of <COMMAND>dmesg</COMMAND>, whether FIR is detected or not.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Another way how to figure it out explained by Thomas Davis (modified by WH): "Dig through the FTP site of the vendor, find the <EMPHASIS>Windows9x FIR drivers</EMPHASIS>, and they have (for a SMC chip):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ratbert ratbert 743 Apr 3 1997 smcirlap.inf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ratbert ratbert 17021 Mar 24 1997 smcirlap.vxd
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ratbert ratbert 1903 Jul 18 1997 smcser.inf
-rw-rw-r-- 1 ratbert ratbert 31350 Jun 7 1997 smcser.vxd
</PROGRAMLISTING>
If in doubt, always look for the .inf/.vxd drivers for Windows95. Windows95 doesn't ship with _ANY_ FIR drivers. (they are all third party, mostly from Counterpoint, who was assimilated by ESI)."
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Also Thomas Davis found a package of small <EMPHASIS>DOS utilities made by SMC</EMPHASIS>. Look at
<ULINK URL="http://www.smsc.com/ftppub/chips/appnote/ir_utils.zip">http://www.smsc.com/ftppub/chips/appnote/ir_utils.zip</ULINK>
. The package contains <COMMAND>FINDCHIP.EXE</COMMAND>. And includes a <COMMAND>FIRSETUP.EXE</COMMAND> utility that is supposed to be able to set all values except the chip address. Furthermore it contains <COMMAND>BIOSDUMP.EXE</COMMAND>, which produces this output:
</PARA>
<PARA>
Example 1 (from a COMPAQ Armada 1592DT)
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
In current devNode:
Size = 78
Handle = 14
ID = 0x1105D041 = 'PNP0511' -- Generic IrDA SIR
Types: Base = 0x07, Sub = 0x00, Interface = 0x02
Comm. Device, RS-232, 16550-compatible
Attribute = 0x80
CAN be disabled
CAN be configured
BOTH Static &#38; Dynamic configuration
Allocated Resource Descriptor Block TAG's:
TAG=0x47, Length=7 I/O Tag, 16-bit Decode
Min=0x03E8, Max=0x03E8
Align=0x00, Range=0x08
TAG=0x22, Length=2 IRQ Tag, Mask=0x0010
TAG=0x79, Length=1 END Tag, Data=0x2F
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Result 1:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>Irq Tag, Mask (bit mapped - ) = 0x0010 = 0000 0000 0000 0001 0000</COMMAND> so, it's IRQ 4. (start at 0, count up ..), so this is a SIR only device, at IRQ=4, IO=x03e8.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Example 2 (from an unknown machine)
</PARA>
<PARA>
<PROGRAMLISTING>
In current devNode:
Size = 529
Handle = 14
ID = 0x10F0A34D = 'SMCF010' -- SMC IrCC
Types: Base = 0x07, Sub = 0x00, Interface = 0x02
Comm. Device, RS-232, 16550-compatible
Attribute = 0x80
CAN be disabled
CAN be configured
BOTH Static &#38; Dynamic configuration
Allocated Resource Descriptor Block TAG's:
TAG=0x47, Length=7 I/O Tag, 16-bit Decode
Min=0x02F8, Max=0x02F8
Align=0x00, Range=0x08
TAG=0x22, Length=2 IRQ Tag, Mask=0x0008
TAG=0x47, Length=7 I/O Tag, 16-bit Decode
Min=0x02E8, Max=0x02E8
Align=0x00, Range=0x08
TAG=0x2A, Length=2 DMA Tag, Mask=0x02, Info=0x08
TAG=0x79, Length=1 END Tag, Data=0x00
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Result 2:
</PARA>
<PARA>
a) it's a SMC IrCC chip
</PARA>
<PARA>
b) one portion is at 0x02f8, has an io-extent of 8 bytes; irq = 3
</PARA>
<PARA>
c) another portion is at 0x02e8, io-extent of 8 bytes; dma = 1 (0x02 =0000 0010)
</PARA>
<PARA>
Thomas Davis has placed some device information at
<ULINK URL="http://www.jps.net/tadavis/irda/devids.txt">http://www.jps.net/tadavis/irda/devids.txt</ULINK> .
</PARA>
<warning>
<PARA>
The package is not intended for the end user, and some of the utilities could be harmful. The only documentation in the package is in Microsoft Word format. Linux users may read this with <COMMAND>catdoc</COMMAND>, available at
<ULINK URL="http://www.fe.msk.ru/~vitus/catdoc/">http://www.fe.msk.ru/~vitus/catdoc/</ULINK> .
</PARA>
</warning>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Use the <EMPHASIS>Device Manager</EMPHASIS> of the MicroSoft Windows9x/NT operating system.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
You may also use the <EMPHASIS>hardware surveys</EMPHASIS> mentioned below.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
And as a last ressort, you may even open the laptop and look at
the writings at the chipsets itselfs. Here is an probably
incomplete list of manufacturers: Chrystal, Hewlett Packard (HP,
chipsets are marked HSDL), Hitachi, IBM, National Semi Conductor
(NSC), NEC, Philips, Sharp, Standard Micro Systems Corporation
(SMC/SMSC), Texas Instruments (TI), VLSI, Winbond. As an example
of application circuits the HSDL-7001 (from a HP brochure,
modified by WH):
<PROGRAMLISTING>
LEDs Encode/Decode SIR/FIR
HSDL-1001 HSDL-7001 UART 16550/
MicroController
______ ______________ ____________
| | | | | |
(|| TXD|&lt;---|IR_TXD TXD|&lt;---|SOUT |
| | | | | |
| | | RCV|---&gt;|SIN |
| | | | | |
(|| RCV|---&gt;|IR_RCV 16XCLK|&lt;---|BAUDOUT |
| | | NRST|-+ | |
------ -------------- | ------------
V
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ORDEREDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-hardware-surveys">
<TITLE>Hardware Surveys</TITLE>
<PARA>
There are some surveys about Linux and infrared capable devices in the
WWW:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
The Linux/IrDA Project - Hardware Survey http://irda.sourceforge.net
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Takahide Higuchi at
http://www.pluto.dti.ne.jp/~thiguchi/ir/product.html .This page is
in Japanese.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
I have also set up a
<ULINK URL="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html">IrDA hardware survey at MobiliX</ULINK>
. This list also
contains information about infrared capable devices which are not
mentioned here (mice, printers, remote control, transceivers,
etc.).
To make this hardware survey more valuable it is necessary to
collect more information about the infrared devices in different
hardware. You can help by sending me a short e-mail containing the
exact name of the hardware you have and which type of infrared
controller is used.
Please let me also know how well Linux/IrDA worked, at which tty,
port and interrupt it works and the corresponding infrared device
(e.g. printer, cellular phone) you use.
You can also help by contributing detailed technological
information about some infrared devices, which is necessary to
develope an according driver for Linux.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-big-endian">
<TITLE>Big Endian</TITLE>
<PARA> Though the source is build to work with big endian machines, I didn't
get any reports about actually using it. It would be interesting if
it's actually working or not. You will probably need an IrDA dongle or
something to test it.
</PARA>
<PARA>
i386 and alpha are little endian, arm can choose (but the NetWinder
has been wired as a little endian machine). m68k, sparc and ppc are
big-endian! mips can choose I think. If unsure, look in
<FILENAME>/usr/src/linux/asm/byteorder.h</FILENAME> and check if it includes
<FILENAME>linux/byteorder/big_endian.h</FILENAME> or
<FILENAME>linux/byteorder/little_endian.h</FILENAME> .
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-smp">
<TITLE>SMP</TITLE>
<PARA>
Jean Tourrilhes: "Tested IrSock, IrNET and OpenObex with
multiple dongles on a
SMP box. Works fine. However, the code is not fully SMP safe yet, so
you never know..."
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-hardware">
<TITLE>IrDA Hardware</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
SIR
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
FIR
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
serial dongle
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
usb dongle
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
PCMCIA cards
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
PCI cards
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may find a survey of Linux/IrDA capable devices at
<ULINK URL="http://mobilix.org/ir_misc.html">MobiliX</ULINK>.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-usb">
<TITLE>IrDA and USB</TITLE>
<PARA>
There is a USB IrDA Bridge Device spec at Rev 0.9B , it's being
adopted as a USB class specification. You can find it at under 0.9
Class Specification header.
</PARA>
<PARA>
As far as I know the Actisys 2000U and Extended System ESI-9685
dongles seem to be based on the same hardware.
Both USB dongles work fine with the Linux driver. It's possible to
have multiple USB dongles in a box (for now, only up to 4).
</PARA>
<PARA>
The driver is not yet in the kernel and not yet super stable.
All current hardware are the same and not that great, IMHO.
The driver is available in the latest IrDA patch.
Startup with :
<PROGRAMLISTING>
modprobe usb-uhci
modprobe irda-usb
irattach irda0 -s 1
</PROGRAMLISTING>
You have been warned ;-)
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-pda">
<TITLE>Linux/IrDA on PDAs</TITLE>
<PARA>
Some Linux PDAs (iPAQ, Cassiopeia) have an IrDA port. Currently I
don't have informations how to set them up (though my iPAQs IrDA port
shows up in dmesg). See http://www.uclinux.org,
http://www.pocketlinux.com and http://www.handhelds.org for further
information.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-advanced-topics">
<TITLE>Advanced Topics</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-troubleshooting">
<TITLE>Troubleshooting</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>General Information</TITLE>
<PARA>
If you encounter problems. Try the following:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Read the FAQ section below.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Look at /var/log/messages and/or /var/log/kern.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Do a <COMMAND>dmesg</COMMAND>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Look at the different files in <FILENAME>/proc/irda</FILENAME>.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Troubleshooting Techniques</TITLE>
<PARA>
Although I'm not much of a hacker I collected some tricks to track
errors or bugs in the Linux/IrDA software.
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
You may set the debug level in <FILENAME>/proc/sys/net/irda/debug</FILENAME>
to 1, 2, 3, 4.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Use the files in <FILENAME>/proc/sys/net/irda</FILENAME> to try different parameters
like echo 0 &gt; /proc/sys/net/irda/discovery. The /proc/*/irda files
are:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
root@duckman:~# ls /proc/sys/net/irda/* /proc/net/irda/*
/proc/net/irda/discovery
/proc/net/irda/irlmp
/proc/net/irda/irda_device
/proc/net/irda/irttp
/proc/net/irda/irias
/proc/net/irda/irlap
/proc/sys/net/irda/devname
/proc/sys/net/irda/discovery
/proc/sys/net/irda/compression
/proc/sys/net/irda/debug
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
It is also possible to debug the code. But I don't know how to do
this. If you want to use SKB debug code, you may edit irda.h and
change /include/linux/skbuff.h (see revision history of snapshot
10-2-98).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
For problems with the irda module a utility from the modules
package kdstat might be helpful. But I was not able to try this.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
"You can now alter the number of discovery packets used (1, 6, 8
or 16) and the timeout between sending them (2-8 * 10 ms) in
/proc/sys/net/irda. Please experiment if you have problems
discovering your device. My Palm III seems to like 16
discovery_slots and 8 (*10 ms) for slot_timeout. " ... "The
absolute minimum for reliable discovery of the IR-610 seems to be
9."
Another statement: ... the Palm III does not like 8 discovery
frames in a row, but 6 is OK. With 8 it will answer 1 out of 6-10
times, with 6 it answers every time. I really don't know if this
is a problem with Linux-IrDA or the Palm III. One solution to this
problem, is to cycle though some different discovery methods for
each discovery like this:
Disocvery 1: send 8 xid frames with 80 ms separation
If answer, keep the same config, if no answer, try next config
Discovery 2: send 6 xid frames with 80 ms separation
Discovery 3: send 8 xid frames with 90 ms separation
Discovery 4: send 6 xid frames with 90 ms separation
Discovery 5. Go back to 1.
or some other pattern and maybe more combinations.
Maybe this is sometimes implemented, so it would be enabled if
/proc/sys/net/irda/discovery_slots is set to 0 .
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
If anybody gets a kernel Oops, then please feed it to the
../linux/scripts/ksymoops/ksymoops program, so that we can find
out where it went wrong. Just cut out the Oops lines from the
syslog, save them to a file, and then run ksymoops &lt;file&gt;
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote: I found out that the cs4232 sound card was
giving me several hundred interrupts per second! I removed the
sound stuff from my kernel, and the machine is now generally about
4 times faster! Linux/IrDA may get problems if you are running the
esound server (esd) on your machine. Both my machines, a 166Mhz
Pentium laptop and a 200Mhz Pentium Pro cannot run Linux/IrDA when
esd is running. The reason is that esd makes the soundcard give
interrups over 300 times/second which makes the serial driver
overrun when receiving. This is because the serial driver now uses
slow interrupts in Linux-2.2 (everything is slow interrupts in
2.2), so the interrupt-handler schedules on its way out. The good
thing about slow interrupts is that packets are delivered much
faster, since you don't need to wait for the next timer-tick. The
only exception for this is the pc87108 driver which works fine
since it uses DMA and will only give a couple of interrupts per
packet.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
There are also some userspace tools <COMMAND>irdaping</COMMAND>
and <COMMAND>irdadump</COMMAND> to check Linux/IrDA connections.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
AFAIK it is possible to use IrCOMM either with an infrared device
or via serial cable. Maybe this give some debugging possibilities,
too.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
1) You may edit /etc/conf.modules, adding the following lines:
option irda irda_debug=3
option irlpt_client_debug=3 irlpt_common_debug=3
2) Make sure the irda modules have been totally removed.
3) Edit /etc/syslog.conf, adding the following lines:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
*/* -/var/log/all
</PROGRAMLISTING>
4) Do killall -1 syslogd .
5) Print, or do whatever causes problems with irlpt .
6) Check all the files in /var/log/ .
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
For some ThinkPad models you have to reboot to the preinstalled M$ OS
and activate the IrDA port using the Thinkpad tools. There is
currently no Linux tool to achieve that. This will disable your
internal serial port (ttyS0)!. The DOS tool is PS2.EXE, as far as I
know tpctl doesn't achieve this. It is really important to use this
DOS program (ps2.exe) to enable IR. Using the windows tools does not
work. Without that the driver loads correctly and everythings seems
OK, but the LED does not light bright enough.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>PCI Device Numbers</TITLE>
<PARA>
Daniel R. Risacher magnus@alum.mit.edu wrote: To syncronize my Palm
III with my Tecra 8100 running 2.2.17, I needed to edit
/usr/src/linux/include/net/irda/toshoboe.h I changed "#define
PCI_DEVICE_ID_FIR701 0x0701" to "#define PCI_DEVICE_ID_FIR701 0x0D01"
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>scanport</TITLE>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>scanport</COMMAND> can be used to get the
correct device ID is for a chip. It's
part of the hwtools package (on Debian, probably same elsewhere). You
just type it in and it scans the I/O ports from 0x100 to 0x400 - the
usual ISA range. Above 0x400 there are shadows of below 0x400 devices,
and beyond that there are PCI devices, so the default is not to scan
above 0x400. "Anyway, I had to manually scan using inb to find my
chip's I/O. Fortunately I didn't have to go far to find it. (Newer
sound cards often sit at 0x530ish, with 0x220 reserved for legacy
compatibility modes) Normally, if you know where some device is
located you just point the driver at it and the driver probes to see
if it's the device the driver is expecting. Not entirely safe, but
much safer than every driver probing every I/O port looking for
something it thinks it can understand. scanport only does reads, which
are usually safe."
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-mailing-list">
<TITLE>Mailing List</TITLE>
<PARA>
Look at the mailing list archivs, whether your problem is already
known. Since August 1999 it the archiv is located at Linux-IrDA
mailing list archiv http://www.pasta.cs.UiT.No/mailman/listinfo/linux-irda
. All mails before are archived at
http://www.ita.chalmers.se/~svinto/hypermail/irda/ .
</PARA>
<PARA>
As a last ressort ask in the Linux-IrDA mailing list. You may
subscribe at Linux-IrDA mailing list
http://www.pasta.cs.UiT.No/mailman/listinfo/linux-irda
. You are welcome to use this
mailing list for posting questions, answers, bug-reports, patches,
suggestions and comments. It would be much easier to help you if you
provide some information. Please include:
<PROGRAMLISTING>
uname -a
cat /proc/net/irda/irlan
cat /proc/net/irda/irlap
irdadump
</PROGRAMLISTING>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-infrared-light">
<TITLE>How to Make Infrared Light Visible</TITLE>
<EPIGRAPH>
<ATTRIBUTION>
Unknown AuthorEss
</ATTRIBUTION>
<PARA>
What you don't see gets you.
</PARA>
</EPIGRAPH>
<PARA>
If you have a IrDA aware printer, you can point you phone at it and
you should see a light near the IR port light up or flash. If you have
a Palm organizer w/ IR, point it at the phone. If the IR on the phone
is in discovery mode, you should see the "Waiting for Sender" dialog
box pop up on the Palm.
</PARA>
<PARA>
There is a program for the Palm called "IRMonitor" which measures IR
emissions. You can get this off EuroCool or PilotZone. You run the
program, point your Palm at where you think the IR beam should be
coming from and if there are any emissions from that port, they will
show up as a spike on the IrMonitor scrolling graph. I would highly
recommend this program to anybody out there who plays with or works
with IR devices.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may also use a video camera to detect infrared light. But I
couldn't check this yet.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Most of this section is taken from a posting to the Linux/IrDA list by
"The Armadillo with the Mask".
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-power-saving">
<TITLE>Power Saving</TITLE>
<PARA>
In the specifications of my HP OmniBook 800 it is recommended to turn
off the IR port, if it is not in use, because it may consume up to 10
percent of the battery time.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If necessary, you may also try to disable the Fast RRs feature in the
IrDA section of the kernel. This option will give you much better
latencies but will consume more power.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-beyond-irda">
<TITLE>Beyond IrDA</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Extending Transmission Distance</TITLE>
<PARA>
According to the IrDA specification the range is up to 1 meter. From
the "IrDA Data Link Design Guide" p. 20 by Hewlett-Packard
http://www.hp.com/go/ir : " In some cases it may be desired to
increase link distance beyond the 1 meter guaranteed by IrDA. The two
ways to do this are to increase transmitted light intensity, or to
increase receiver sensitivity. In order to extend the link distance,
both sensitivity and intensity must be increased for both ends of the
IR link. If it is desired to communicate with a standard IrDA device
that may have minimum transmitter intensity, the receiver intensity
must be increased. The standard IrDA device may also have minimum
receiver sensitivity, so transmitter intensity must also be
increased."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Andreas Butz wrote: "This might be a silly question, but has anyone an
idea whether the whole IrDA stack really relies on a two-way
connection, or whether there are some parts of it that could be abused
for a one-way connection, ideally for unreliable data? We're trying to
modify some IR dongles to broadcast information to palm pilots over
several meters distance (cover a whole room), and since we don't want
to modify the pilots themselves, and increasing the sensitivity on the
receiver side seems unlikely to work, we're stuck with a one way
link.". Please see the mailing list archive for details of the
discussion.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Sent by Marc Bury " .. just heard about some
Philips new scheme for remote controls: they call it IRDA - Control.
This is supposed to be bi-directional, 75 kbps data rate, multiple
simultaneous devices (up to 8) and with a minimum 6 meter range!" More
information at http://www.irda.org/ .
</PARA>
<PARA>
The german magazine ELEKTOR issued a guide to build a Long Distance
IrDA Dongle (20m, RS232, IrDA 1.0), ELEKTOR 5/97 p.
http://www.elektor.de .
</PARA>
<PARA>
<QUOTE>The main problem is that you generally have to
make the receiver more sensitive. Basic physics has the inverse square
law: the intensity drops with the SQUARE of the distance, so going
from 1 to 5 meters requires 25x the power (and battery drain on a
portable device), or 25x the sensitivity (and dynamic range - it still
has to be able to work at 3 inches). And if you want to do it on the
other end, it doesn't simply have to be 25x more sensitive, it must
pick up the tiny IrDA pulse needle in a haystack of florescent lights,
screen savers, moving shadows ...</QUOTE>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Someone tried it with a Palm III upgrade board
http://home.t-online.de/home/PSPilot/ppppiii.htm .
</PARA>
<PARA>
Also laser diodes (pulsable) were recommended by K-H.Eischer: But they
are more expensive. And the laser diodes are also dangerous if they
have more than 1 mW. A better solution would be to use lenses to focus
the beam. There is a minimum of absorbtion in the air (I don't know
the right frequency) and you should use IR diodes with this frequency.
</PARA>
<PARA>
James wrote: " Who ever it was wanting to do long distance with IrDA,
we've tried this before. The best approaches are:
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
wavelan - buy the cards but not the antennas you can make your own
with equaly good gain as the $9000 type they sell here.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
microwave - you can pick up X-band doppler radar modules, tune
them slightly apart and use the your local TX as the LO for the
incomming RX, the whole thing behaves like ethernet and you can
hook it onto an AUI port, this may now be illegal.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
ir - Many people sell kits which transmit video over Ir, they come
complete with the large fresnel lense you need, they manage about
4MHz b/w over 100m.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
laser diodes - when we looked at these they were a pain, I think
elantec make decent drivers but modulating them was a big pain,
Steve Carcia had a series on articles on modulating He-Ne lasers
but be careful they have lots of volts in them that want to get
out and kill you.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
<PARA>
Whatever you choose IrDA might very well be a good choice for a
protocol, given it's one of the few that sensibly copes with simplex."
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Upcoming Standards (Bluetooth and IrDA)</TITLE>
<PARA>
"More and more people now think that IrDA and Bluetooth will live
happily side by side, and the idea of Bluetooth as the IrDA killer
just don't work anymore. IrDA is still unbeatable in price/performance
and with the new additions to the standards family like AIR and VFIR,
it's really good to see that IrDA is moving in the right direction."
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-network-neighborhood">
<TITLE>IrDA Network Neighborhood</TITLE>
<PARA>
Laptop-Printer-PDA
You can take a little peek at http://irda.sourceforge.net Drag-n-drop
stuff, so you will be able to drop files to your PDA (uses IrOBEX) or
drop files to your printer (uses IrLPT) etc.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Bridging/Routing
James wrote: " ... there is a much better way of doing the briding
which is routing. This is entirely user land and requires no kernel
patches.
</PARA>
<PARA>
It's in two parts (you may only need one your milage may vary...) the
first called irdaipcfg does the following:
</PARA>
<PARA>
1) First part is executed as irdaipcfg ifeth ifirlan daemonizes, then
looks for ARP packets on ifirlan, checks that the arp was not
generated by the machine on which it is running. The arp contains the
ip address of the machine on the other end of the irlan (it was
generated by the gratuatous arp in the irlan code). The program then
sets up a host route to this ip address via ifirlan, adds a proxy arp
to ifeth for it and generates a gratuatous arp on ifeth. It writes the
ip address of the client in /var/run/host.ifirlan so you can easily
undo all of this from a script.
</PARA>
<PARA>
2) Second part is executed as gratarp ifirlan. Sometimes the
gratuatous arp seems to get lost in the pipe work, gratarp deamonizes
and spits out a whole stream of the things...
</PARA>
<PARA>
I use them as follows: (you can use them to do whatever you like)
</PARA>
<PARA>
On my host (the machine bolted to my local net) irlanx is brought up
as 10.192.0.1 with a netmask of 255.255.255.255 and a broadcast of
10.192.0.1 by my ifup script from /etc/irda/network by irattach.
/etc/irda/network then runs irdaipcfg eth0 irlanx and this does the
routing.
</PARA>
<PARA>
From /etc/irda/network
<PROGRAMLISTING>
"start")
echo 1 &gt;/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/forwarding
./ifup ifcfg-${device}
/sbin/irdaipcfg ${localnet} ${device}
;;
"stop")
host=`cat /var/run/host.${device}`
if [ .$host != . ]; then
/sbin/arp -d ${host} dev ${localnet}
/sbin/route delete ${host} dev ${device}
fi
./ifdown ifcfg-${device}
/sbin/ifconfig ${device} down
;;
</PROGRAMLISTING>
on the client I set up irlan to use an address on my normal subnet
10.32.32.51 but with netmask 255.255.255.255 (not my usual netmask) I
have some static routes which are host 10.192.0.1 dev irlan, and net
default gw 10.192.0.1 dev irlan. I run gratarp from the
/etc/irda/network, and I can wander arround my house and not lose
telnet and ssh sessions ... they are sitting in
ftp://bullard.esc.cam.ac.uk/pub/irda "
</PARA>
<PARA>
IPv6
AFAIK IPv6 has neighbor discovery mechanismem, but I don't have
information about Linux/IrDA used with IPv6. Please see the mailing
list archive for a discussion of this topic under the subject
:"patch-2.2.7-ac1-irda4" .
</PARA>
<PARA>
DHCP
I have got reports that it is possible to use dhcpcd with IrLAN.
Please use latest DHCP software.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-apm">
<TITLE>Linux/IrDA and APM</TITLE>
<PARA>
Fons Botman wrote: "When I hibernate my HP OmniBook 2000CT, (Fn-12
diskimage is written to disk, machine turns off completely) with irtty
active and turn it on again, irda does not work. I can see it trying
to reply to discovery frames it receives from a windows box, using
irdadump on the OmniBook. but the windows PC does not see the replies.
If I just kill irattach and remove irtty and serial, and start
irattach again, it starts working again. Does this occur with other
linux laptops also? Is it a problem in the serial device driver? "
Also Pedro Figueiredo reported this problem for a Fujitsu LifeBook
735DX.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Answer by Dag Brattli: "Could you all check if the same thing is
happening when your're using PPP (and not using IrDA). I guess the APM
stuff shuts down the serial port, so that the driver will need to
reinitialize it when waking up again. This is properly implemented by
some of the PCMCIA drivers I know about, but I really don't think the
serial driver gets any events from the APM system.
</PARA>
<PARA>
So here you have your own little kernel project. Start adding APM
support to irport which will be the easiest thing (and also to the FIR
drivers), then you can start adding a patch to the serial driver (if
needed). Again I think the PCMCIA subsystem may be a good source on
how to fix it properly."
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-performance-testing">
<TITLE>Performance Testing</TITLE>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>netperf</COMMAND> is a benchmark that
can be used to measure the performance of
many different types of networking including Unix Domain Sockets and
TCP and UDP via BSD Sockets. It provides tests for both unidirectional
throughput and end-to-end latency.
http://www.netperf.org/netperf/NetperfPage.html
</PARA>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>bing</COMMAND> by Pierre Beyssac <!-- pb@fasterix.freenix.fr -->
determines bandwidth on
a point-to-point link by sending ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets and
measuring their roundtrip times for different packet sizes on each end
of the link.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-irda-protocols">
<TITLE>IrDA Protocols</TITLE>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>IrDA Stack</TITLE>
<PARA>
<figure>
<TITLE>IrDA Stack</TITLE>
<mediaobject>
<!--
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="../images/irda_stack.eps" format="eps">
</imageobject>
-->
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="../images/irda_stack.jpg" format="jpg">
</imageobject>
<!--
<imageobject>
<imagedata fileref="../images/irda_stack" align="center">
</imageobject>
-->
<textobject>
<phrase>IrDA Stack.</phrase>
</textobject>
<caption>
<PARA>
IrDA Stack.
</PARA>
</caption>
</mediaobject>
</figure>
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>Existing IrDA Protocol Implementations</TITLE>
<PARA>
From Lichen Wang I have taken this remarks:
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrLAP, IrLMP, and TinyTP are pretty stable now. But various individual
implementations may still have quirks.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrCOMM is widely used, but Microsoft vowed to drop it and use IrSocket
only.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrObex, IrMC, IrTran-P, etc. are showing up in various devices. The
supports on PC are segmented and sometimes very poor.
</PARA>
<PARA>
New IrDA Protocol Development
AIR is pushed mainly by IBM. You get wider angle and longer distance
(10M?) but may be at lower data rate. You can also time-multiplex this
already slow channel. In my opinion the benefit to the user is very
little. AIR hardware and software changes are costly. I think you will
have to wait for a long time, if ever, to see any product using AIR.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrBUS is pushed mainly by Sharp. It is aimed at remote control, IR
keyboard, etc., not for data communication. I think if Sharp succeed,
you may see IrBUS in set-top boxes, web-tv, etc. If and when these
devices reaches a critical mass, some PC may incorporate IrBUS in
order to control these devices.
</PARA>
<PARA>
VFIR is the latest. The benefit is higher data rate (16 Mbps). Unlike
AIR and IrBUS, the software changes for VFIR are minimum. The changes
are mainly in hardware.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Summary
In summary, I do not think we need to wait in anticipation of new IrDA
protocols. A easy to install and solid implementation of the existing
IrDA protocols is the cutting edge!.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-known-bugs">
<TITLE>Known Bugs</TITLE>
<PARA>
If you find a bug, please send a bug report to the mailing list,
including dmesg output, and which Linux version, and hardware you are
using. Thank you!
</PARA>
<PARA>
Sometimes IrCOMM fails to connect (especially when both devices
discover each other. You can disable discovering with echo 0
&gt;/proc/sys/net/irda/discovery)
</PARA>
<PARA>
A CR (carriage return) character cannot be transfered between two
linux boxes via IrCOMM with cat file &gt;/dev/ircomm0 and cat
/dev/ircomm0. It causes a strange thing and freezes your Linux box.
Compiling the pc87108 device driver non modular crashes the kernel on
boot. Temporary solution: compile the driver as a module
</PARA>
<PARA>
IrOBEX may eat some data on receive. The bug is most probably in the
user-space side of IrOBEX.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-faq">
<TITLE>FAQ</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ITEMIZEDLIST>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
irport versus irtty: I never used irport because irtty works for me, but it
should not matter which low level driver you use. I used successfully
irtty, nsc-ircc and irda-usb (depending on my hardware).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q1 - Question: I do not know anything about ports and irqs. What
should I do?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer:
PART A: Hardware settings
- 1 Have a look at your hardware specs!!! If not available look at
the support page of your vendor, or contact the support hotline.
You might also find the information in one of the hardware surveys
mentioned above.
- 2 Use a current BIOS. Usually available at the support page of
your vendor.
- 3 Try setserial /dev/ttyS? -g -a | egrep 16550A. One of the
shown devices is probably the one you are looking for. Usually it
is the second one, but with no guarantee.
- 4 Note: What seems like an UART is physically the IrDA
controller. For my HP Omnibook 800 this is the VLSI VL82C147 PCI -
IrDA controller. These controllers should behave up to 115 200 bps
like UART's. But sometimes it is very difficult to get the right
configuration.
PART B: How to tell the kernel about the hardware settings
-4 cat /proc/ioports to see which ports are already in use.
-5 cat /proc/interrupts to see which interrupts are already in
use.
-6 Make ports and interrupts available for use with the IR device,
e.g. stop the PCMCIA service or include a line like this in
/etc/sysconfig/pcmcia: PCIC_OPTS="irq_list=3,4,5,7,9,10,12,14,15"
-7 Now try to guess what the right interrupt and port is. Use
setserial /dev/ttySx irq M port 0xNNNN to tell the kernel. If
there is more then one possible chance try them all (Note: As
mentioned in the Serial-HOWTO you should not try irq 0, 1, 6, 8,
13, 14).
-8 If you were successful please send these parameters to the
author, because I would like to include them in the Infrared
Hardware Survey.
-9 Good luck.
It might also be necessary to fine tune the IR serial port with
setserial, e.g., setserial /dev/ttyS0 spd_vhi (speed rate 115200).
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q3 - Question: I get a message like tcsetattr read/write error in
/var/log/messages.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer: Caused probably by wrong /dev/ttyS* or wrong irq or port.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q4 - Question: Every setting seems alright, because I get the
appropriate messages. But it still does not work.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer: Move the devices to within 0.5 meter (1.5 feet). Check
that only one application is using the infrared port. Check that
both devices are using the same protocol, such as IrOBEX or
IrCOMM.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q7 - Question by Ho Chin Keong: Is there other way of setting up
communication between the 2 laptops besides setting up a LAN route
between the two?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer by Dag Brattli: Yes and no! One of the IrDA standard,
IrCOMM permits you to emulate a serial cable between two laptops,
so you can use any application written for serial ports
(terminals, PPP, slip, etc.). This is however not yet implemented
in Linux/IrDA. The IrLPT (printer) support is actually a subset of
IrCOMM, so some of it is working!
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q8 - Question by Ho Chin Keong: If I block the infrared path
deliberately for more than 10 seconds, the connection could not
re-establish. I have to kill the irattach and restart the whole
procedure to start the infrared route. The connection could be
maintained, however, if the blocking is less than 10 seconds. Is
this part of the design or a bug? Is there any way whereby we can
lengthen this time limit from 10 s to longer or infinitely?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer by Thomas Davis: This seems to be a bug in the primary side
of the IrLAP/IrLMP code. It appears not to send the
reset/disconnect notice all the way back up the stack. You'll
notice it when IrLPT gets stuck in the query mode while you were
trying to talk to a printer, and disconnected/interrupted it when
it was handshaking. (and now, it shows up in the IrLAN portion)
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q11 - Is there any IrDA support for BSD?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer: Linux/IrDA seems to be the only available GPL source yet.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q12 - By Rui Oliveira: I am having a problem connecting a PalmIII
to a Linux box with an Actisys 220L adapter. With a motherboard
adapter (no brand but, I think, similar to the Actisys 210L) I
simply redirect a pilot syncronization tool (pilot-xfer) to
/dev/ttyS1 which has the ir adapter attached and, using IrLink in
SIR mode, I can get the Linux box to talk with the PalmIII. Trying
the above through a serial port with a serial-irda Actisys 220L
adapter I can't get this to work. My question is :What happens if
one just throws data into a serial port with a irda adapter?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer by Lichen Wang: In terms of hardware, IrDA SIR needs a
serializer- deserializer, an encoder-decoder, and a transceiver.
The UART that drives the COM port of any PC is a
serializer-deserializer. In some PC, there is also an
encoder-decoder which can be enabled or disabled by the BIOS. When
it is disabled, the COM port is usable as an old COM port. When
the encoder-decoder is enabled, usually the COM port is no longer
usable but an IrDA port is now usable instead. Actisys IR-210 is a
SIR transceiver and thus can be used if the PC has this kind of
UART with an IrDA encoder-decoder and the BIOS has enabled it.
Under this hardware configuration, you need to tell the Windows
setup program that you have "standard infrared devices" and with
"Built-in Infrared port on laptop or desktop". Actisys IR-220, on
the other hand, includes both the encoder-decoder and the
transceiver. It is designed to be used with a regular UART. If the
UART in the PC has also the encoder-decoder built-in, you must use
BIOS to disable that. Under either of this hardware configuration,
you need to tell the Windows setup program that you have an
"ACTiSYS" manufactured "ACT-IR220L Infrared Wireless Interface".
To answer your question: In addition to throwing data at the
serial port, you need to tell the UART and the encoder-decoder
what data rate to use. In the case of a built-in encoder-decoder,
when you set the data rate of the UART, the encoder-decode also
get set correctly. In the case a separate encoder-decoder, you
need to tell both of them the data rate separatly.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q13 - If I try to make a connection, say telnet, it takes an
incredibly long time for the login prompt to appear.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answers by Renaud Baldura, Dag Brattli and Hee Thong: ... it's a
DNS problem. The resolver times out trying to reverse-resolve the
IP address of your incoming connection. I think just renaming
/etc/resolv.conf to something else takes care of it. ... or add
some static bindings in /etc/hosts for the machines you want to
access in your ad-hoc network. That should avoid the DNS lookups.
... If both machines are in a private test environment, put the
following line in the /etc/host.conf, order hosts, bind. This will
make the machine check the /etc/host file before doing a DNS
lookup. Remember to update the host file on both machines to
reflect the IP and host names of the 2 machines.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Q14 - Question by David LaPorte: I was wondering if anyone has had
any success getting the irda port on the Toshiba Tecra 740cdt
working. ... I've read that it should show up at IRQ 11, ttyS2.
Well, I have a PCMCIA modem which steals ttyS2 and the PCMCIA
controller steals IRQ 11. Does anyone have any suggestions?
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
<LISTITEM>
<PARA>
Answer by Dag Brattli: If you still have Win95 on your machine,
you should go to the device manager and change the PnP setup for
the IrDA port (something else than the stuff your're already
using). You could for example move away ttyS1 (in Win95), so that
it uses the values that the PCMCIA card is going to steal, and
then use the settings from ttyS1 for ttyS2.
<PROGRAMLISTING>
dagbnb ~/linux/test/ &gt; cat /etc/sysconfig/pcmcia
PCMCIA=yes
PCIC=i82365
PCIC_OPTS="irq_list=7,9,10"
CORE_OPTS=
</PROGRAMLISTING>
... should make sure the PCMCIA controller stays away from irq 11.
Also make sure that the IrDA port is enabled in Win95 since it's
disabled by default.
</PARA>
</LISTITEM>
</ITEMIZEDLIST>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</CHAPTER>
</PART>
<PART ID="infrared-howto-p2-infrared-remote-control">
<TITLE>Infrared Remote Control</TITLE>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-introduction">
<TITLE>Introduction</TITLE>
<PARA>
Remote control via infrared is not the aim of the Linux/IrDA project
but is included in this HOWTO to cover "Linux and Infrared" more
completely. I found some projects which are working on this topic.
You may find some links to current information at
<ULINK URL="http://mobilix.org">MobiliX</ULINK>.
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-lirc">
<TITLE>Linux Infrared Remote Control - LIRC</TITLE>
<PARA>
LIRC is a package that supports receiving and sending IR signals of
the most common IR remote controls. It contains a device driver for
hardware connected to the serial port, a daemon that decodes and sends
IR signals using this device driver, a mouse daemon that translates IR
signals to mouse movements and a couple of user programs that allow to
control your computer with a remote control. The IR hardware can be
either selfmade or choosen from a variety of commercial solutions.
Takahide Higuchi wrote about LIRC: "It's great, and it seems almost
complete solution, but it seems there is almost nothing supporting
hardware on the market (or need to solder some special circuit ... it
is hard work for many people to do so). I believe that LIRC will be
more popular if consumer IR support is implemented in FastIR drivers
and some common API (for example, a raw IrSocket and common ioctls) is
made!".
http://www.lirc.org
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-lego-mindstorm">
<TITLE>Lego Mindstorm</TITLE>
<PARA>
Quoting the
<ULINK URL="http://www.linuxdoc.org">Lego Mindstorm with Linux Mini-HOWTO</ULINK>
by Luis Villa:" In
case you don't know, the Lego Mindstorms Kit is a robotics kit from
The Lego Group that retails for about 200 US dollars. For that, you
get a lot of Lego pieces, a large brick containing a CPU, an LCD, and
some connectors (known as the RCX), a couple of motors, and some light
and touch sensors that allow you to interact with the outside world.
..."
</PARA>
<PARA>
"All communication to the RCX is done via the IR tower, which is
connected to the machine via a serial port. As a result, if you have
no serial port connection, you will be unable to use the RCX unless
you can buy an adapter. Furthermore, under certain circumstances,
there may be problems with IRQs or serial port conflicts. This is
particularly likely if your modem uses /dev/ttyS0."
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-serial-infrared-remote-controller">
<TITLE>Serial Infrared Remote Controller</TITLE>
<PARA>
This is a simple, cheap device that can be connected to any serial
port to control most components that have infrared remote controls. It
was designed and built on a solderless breadboard and is finally
designed as a PC board. You may find this package at
http://www.armory.com/~spcecdt/remote/remote.html
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-corel-netwinder">
<TITLE>Infrared Tools for the COREL Netwinder PC</TITLE>
<PARA>
Ryan Shillington wrote some tools to control the COREL Netwinder via
infrared, for example:
</PARA>
<PARA>
Server Side for the Corel Palm Administrator (deamon). It depends on
having ir-simple installed and up and running. With this you can check
and change IP addresses, Gateway addresses, setup eth1, etc. You can
also run simple commands AND you can check the Temperature, Memory,
Load averages, etc.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Client Side for the Corel Palm Administrator. You can also run simple
commands AND you can check the Temperature, Memory, Load averages,
etc.
</PARA>
<PARA>
A very basic infrared device driver. This does not support IrDA (only
unreliable transfers). It looks specifically for Remote Control
signals (and Keyboard, etc.). It blocks and passes data up very
differently.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may find the tools at http://www.netwinder.org/~ryansh/
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-ir">
<TITLE>ir</TITLE>
<PARA>
<COMMAND>ir</COMMAND> is an interface program
to Chris Dodge's RedRat 2 infrared
controller to send and receive infrared signals to/from consumer
devices like TV's, VCR's, cable boxes, and stereos. It is written in
Perl. It uses only the basic Perl constructs and no external packages,
so it should work on any platform that supports Perl and serial
communications. It can be accessed via the command line or cron, as an
email handler (through aliases), or as a cgi script which will
automatically generate a form with all possible codes. It has macro
capability so one command can send a series of IR signals. With an
X-10's IR543, it can be used to control X10 devices, too.
http://kramer.ne.mediaone.net/ir/
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-irmctl">
<TITLE>irmctl</TITLE>
<PARA>
irmctl is a utility daemon to control your favorite non-IRDA infrared
receiver. For the moment, only irman (through libirman) is supported.
http://irmctl.sourceforge.net/
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-irmanager">
<TITLE>IRManager</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ULINK URL="http://jaqr.student.utwente.nl/releases/irmanager/">IRManager</ULINK>
is a Linux daemon to make advanced use of an IRMan infrared
receiver. It forwards IR signals to (multiple) native IRMan
applications, and can be used with your own scripts and applications.
It also has a mapping system and its advanced configuration options
make it the most flexible and easy way to remote control your
computer.
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-irxxd">
<TITLE>irXxD</TITLE>
<PARA>
irXxD is a library for sending/receiving infrared remote control
codes. It includes kernel 2.0 and 2.2 modules for receiving/sending IR
codes under Linux, and various support for other operating systems.
http://home.iae.nl/users/leonvs/projects/index.html#irxxd
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-gmd">
<TITLE>gmd</TITLE>
<PARA>
This software makes it a lot easier to use the
RedRat2 to control an A/V stack. I use mine to control my DVD/CD/VCR/TV
and ReplayTV. I also wrote some additional tools to make using the ReplayTV
easier(Channel selector, advanced search utilities, ...). The web site is at:
http://www.slip.net/~gmd/RedRat/index.html
<!-- George MacDonald gmd@slip.net -->
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
<CHAPTER ID="infrared-howto-c-lirc-irda">
<TITLE>Infrared Remote Control - IrDA</TITLE>
<PARA>
Two of the above mentioned projects use some kind of selfmade dongle
for infrared remote control. There is also a description to build a
serial IrDA dongle by yourself in the german ELEKTOR 5/97 p. 28
magazine. Maybe someone can merge these two kind of dongles together.
</PARA>
<PARA>
For a discussion of the relation between Infrared Remote Control and
IrDA I quote from the Linux/IrDA mailing list (shortend and modified
by wh):
</PARA>
<PARA>
Ryan Shillington wrote: "Remote IR and ASK-IR are very different from
FIR or MIR or SIR.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Remote IR and ASK-IR are very low speed and low frequency (but very
long range) uses for IR. They operate around 2400 baud.
</PARA>
<PARA>
SIR operates at higher rates, and is meant for long range transmission
where you need more than a few characters pass through (unlike a
remote control).
</PARA>
<PARA>
MIR is a little faster (less range), but with speeds up to 1.15 Mbps,
and FIR (where the devices have to be practically touching) is 4Mbps.
The range is inversely proportional to the speed you can send data at.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I'm working on drivers for Remote-IR, but you should know that your IR
stuff has to support it. Look for protocols like NEC, RC-5 or RC-0
(those are the most common ones).
</PARA>
<PARA>
You can use SIR to receive Remote Control signals. Set your baud rate
nice and low and data will come through. BUT, from my experience, it's
not the RIGHT data. It's not being analyzed in the right way, and as
such, you can't compute the checksums or check it with its complement.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I have managed to get data in (using SIR) with remote controls. I have
been told that SIR will read the remote control stuff differently
depending on temperature (although I have never had that experience).
"
</PARA>
<PARA>
Lichen Wang wrote in response: "The so-called
ASKIR in most laptops etc. is not meant for remote IR devices. ASKIR
is meant for Sharp Wizard and Zauaus PDAs and some of Sharp's notebook
PCs. Sharp stated this long before IrDA was established and is still
supporting it to maintain backward compatibility. Apple's Newton had
this capability at one time, too.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Briefly, ASKIR uses 9.6 Kbps (19.2 and 38.4 Kbps are also possible)
asynchronous data format of 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and odd parity.
The start bit as well as all 0 bit in data/parity are transmitted as
IR square wave at 500 KHz (DASK sub-carrier). The stop bit as well as
all 1 bit in data/parity are represented by the absence of any IR
transmission.
</PARA>
<PARA>
As you can see, this is totally incompatible with existing IR remote
control. [..]
</PARA>
<PARA>
True. Not only can you use SIR hardware to receive, you can transmit,
too. Of course, there are some limitations.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Most IR remote controls use 38 KHz sub-carrier. 3 times 38 is 114,
very close to 115.2. You can set the UART to operate at 115.2 Kbps, 7
data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit - a total of 9 bits. Each 3
cycles of the 38 KHz sub-carrier can be received or transmitted as a
byte of 0x5B.
</PARA>
<PARA>
There are some physical limitations in addition to the fact that the
sub-carrier must be 38 KHz. The SIR receiver is not as sensitive to 38
KHz as the IR remote receiver designed for that. The SIR transmitter
has a much lower duty cycle and thus can not emit a strong sub-carrier
either.
</PARA>
<PARA>
IR remote encodes the control signal by turning on and off the
sub-carrier at certain specific patterns. Now that you can transmit
and receive the sub-carrier, what remains is all in timing.
</PARA>
<PARA>
For transmit, you have to know how many consecutive bytes of 0x5B to
send for each burst of the sub-carrier, and how long to be quiet
between the bursts.
</PARA>
<PARA>
For receive, you have to know how many of the 0x5Bs you received are
consecutive, and how long the gaps were between these groups of
consecutive bytes. [..]
</PARA>
<PARA>
My experience with the IrDA link distance of SIR, MIR and FIR is
somewhat different from what Ryan said. [..]
</PARA>
<PARA>
SIR, MIR and FIR should all work from 0 to 100 cm but in practice:
</PARA>
<PARA>
(a) Some devices may have problems at LONG distances.
</PARA>
<PARA>
When possible, place the two communicating devices no more than 50 cm
apart. Low power devices, such as pagers, phones, etc. may have even
shorter ranges despite the fact that they use SIR instead of MIR or
FIR.
</PARA>
<PARA>
(b) Some devices may have problems at SHORT distances.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Place the two devices at least a few cm apart. Putting the two devices
too close to each other can cause troubles.
</PARA>
<PARA>
It is somewhat intuitive that when the link is not reliable we put the
two devices closer together. But it is counterintuitive that too close
is not good either. The reason is that the light intensity at 1 cm is
10.000 times brighter than that at 100 cm. At 0.5 cm, it is 40.000
times, etc. The IR receiver manufacturers have difficulties to cover
this huge dynamic range. We all have problems reading under a 10 W
light bulb, but imagine how it feels under a 100.000 W light!
</PARA>
<PARA>
The IrDA Physical Layer is totally incompatible with the DASK
modulation used in IR remote controls. Thus it is not possible to use
the same controller function for both FIR and remote control. However,
practically all FIR controller chips do include some additional
functions to support remote control. National, SMC, and Winbond (just
to name a few) all have such I/O chips.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The IR transmitter for FIR and remote control are very similar. I have
tried a standard FIR transmitter. It can reach 10 meters for remote
control purpose. Thus it performs just as good as transmitters
designed for remote control.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The IR receiver for FIR and remote control are somewhat different. A
FIR receiver can receive remote control signals but can reach only 1
meter whereas receivers designed for remote control typically can
reach 10 meters.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I have an ISA bus adapter with a National I/O chip that supports both
FIR and remote control. I also have IR Dongles that include both FIR
and remote control receivers. (Plus a transmitter for both modes.) I
cannot find any software to support remote control functions. I did my
own experiments in DOS (I cannot run Linux yet.) Anybody interest in
this? "
</PARA>
<PARA>
Benny Amorsen wrote: "I have a laptop that is supposed to support
ASKIR. The mode of the infrared port can be switched to ASKIR in the
BIOS. Having to reboot to switch the mode in the BIOS makes it
useless, though, so someone would have to find a way to switch on the
fly. "
</PARA>
<PARA>
Dag Brattli wrote: It should be possible to use IrControl (formerly
IrBus) for IrDA compliant remote controls. I currently don't know
about any remote controls using IrControl standard, but there should
be some out there (anyone else who knows better?). You should go to the
<ULINK URL="http://www.irda.org">Linux/IrDA site</ULINK> and get the
physical layer standard (which includes IrControl I think).
</PARA>
<PARA>
"Normal" IrDA (using IrLAP) is _not_ well suited for remote control
because of the connection oriented nature (and just supports 9600bps
for connectionless use). The reason for the limited range is
eye-safety they say (but I currently don't know why CIR works better
using the same power). I have however seen laptops connect at 4-5
meters (but I don't think that any high speed communication would be
possible).
</PARA>
<PARA>
Most IrDA chipsets are capable of CIR operation, and it is quite easy
to modify the drivers so they talk CIR. Takahide Higuchi has started
to look at IrSockets and it would be great if we could open a "raw"
Ir(DA) socket which then could send and receive CIR packets. Then all
the CIR applications could live in userspace.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I know that Corel is interested in using CIR for controlling the
NetWinder (and they actually have running code). Take a look at
http://www.slashdot.org/articles/98/12/05/0916216.shtml or
http://www.netwinder.org/~ryansh
</PARA>
<PARA>
From the "IrDA Data Link Design Guide" p. 21 by Hewlett-Packard
http://www.hp.com/go/ir : " It is possible to transmit and receive
signals other than IrDA signals with Hewlett-Packard IR transceivers.
For implementation details, please refer to the Application Note,
Transceiver Performance with ASK and TV Remote Signals."
</PARA>
<PARA>
From the IR-MAN page http://www.usuarios.com/ib308564/irda.html :
</PARA>
<PARA>
Fortunately, many IrDA devices are compatible with the 38-kbps ASK
modulation used in TV remotes. This means that they can work with such
kind of infrared type signals. ... However, it seems that there are
still many portable computers that can't receive TV infrared stuff.
</PARA>
<PARA>
For desktop computers, there exist two options, depending on the
motherboard you have. Usually a Pentium MoBo has an I/O chipset ready
for infrared communication. There is a special connector where you can
connect the transducer. The other option is buying a serial type
transceiver that connects to the standard serial port (RS-232) of the
computer. ... PC Remote Control has been tested with success using
both type of IrDA devices:
</PARA>
<PARA>
1) IRmate IR-210 Serial Port Infrared Adapter. ... The serial port
speed at wich the device sends recognizable data values is 2400 bps. I
don't know if this speed will be the same for all the adapters of this
type or is an unique characteristic of this model.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Look at the examples of data values received to see how similar are
them. There are some infrared commands that change a lot every time,
difficulting the recognition. In such cases, a great tolerance in the
comparison could be used, but the risk of confusion between different
commands will be increased. An apropiate tolerance value for almost
all cases is 20.
</PARA>
<PARA>
2) Actisys IR2000L connected to an Asus P2B motherboard. ... There are
several serial port speeds that work well, although 4800 bps seems to
be the best one. Other adapters of this same type work also well using
this speed. Take a look at the samples of data sequences received
using this device. Some remote buttons send exactly the same sequence
and it's impossible to distinguish between them at all.
</PARA>
<PARA>
3) Asus IR-eye connected to the same MoBo as above. It works as well
as the Actisys device.
</PARA>
<PARA>
TV remotes send commands only one way, in a low-speed burst for
distances of up to 30 feet. They use directed IR with LEDs that have a
moderate cone angle to improve ease-of-use characteristics. Cordless
connectivity via IrDA transfers files, point-to-point and
bidirectionally, in a high-speed burst for short distances using
directed IR with LEDs having a narrow cone angle. IrDA transmissions
require relatively careful aiming, and they're easy to block. For this
reason, don't expect a great distance while working with the remote
unit.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Alessio Massaro <!-- Alessio.Massaro@cern.ch -->: wrote: " IrDA doesn't talk
to tv-remotes, but it does have the IrCOMM layer to emulate a serial
i/f. My guess is that to get LIRC working with it, you should just
need ... to read from the IrCOMM virtual serial device (as you would
with a /dev/cua or whatever) and use a remote that can be seen by your
dongle+IrDAheader pair."
</PARA>
<PARA>
Answer by Dag Brattli: "You are talking about being normal serial
ports, but that is something at least I have choosen IrDA not to be. I
have implemented all the device drivers as network device drivers, so
things are a bit different (more frame oriented). The device drivers
deliver IrDA frames and currently nothing else.
</PARA>
<PARA>
But I don't think that we must have a tty interface to the IrDA device
drivers in order to support more RAW reads and writes. And btw. forget
about IrCOMM, it has nothing to do with this issue.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I have actually already implemented support for raw reads and writes
for the device drivers, since some of the dongles require this."
</PARA>
</CHAPTER>
</PART>
<PART ID="infrared-howto-p3-appendix">
<TITLE>Appendix</TITLE>
<APPENDIX ID="infrared-howto-a-credits">
<TITLE>Credits</TITLE>
<PARA>
Thanks to:
</PARA>
<PARA>
* The members of the Linux-IrDA mailing list.
* The writers of the other HOWTOs which gave me many inspirations.
* The developers of the SGML-Tools which provided some means to
write a HOWTO.
* Benny Amorsen
* The Armadillo with the Mask <!-- armadilo@daft.com -->
* Mathieu Arnold <!-- arn_mat@club-internet.fr -->
* Fons Botman
* Philip Blundell
* Dag Brattli - Linux/IrDA core team
* David Burley <!-- khemicals@marblehorse.org -->
* Andreas Butz
* Edgardo Calabrese <!-- eddo@mail.omnitel.it -->>
* Andrew Chadwick
* Ho Chin Keong
* Claudiu Costin
* Stefan Dahlke
* Thomas Davis - Linux/IrDA core team
* Richard Donkin
* Ha Duong Minh
* Ales Dryak
* K-H. Eischer
* Ove Ewerlid
* Timo Felbinger
* Tollef Fog Heen <!-- tollef@add.no -->
* Christian Gennerat <!-- christian.gennerat@vz.cit.alcatel.fr -->
* Gerhard Gonter <!-- g.gonter@ieee.org -->
* Mike Groeneweg
* Bjoern Hansson
* Takahide Higuchi - Linux/IrDA core team
* Jon Howell
* Gerd Knorr
* Arthur Tyde <!-- aftyde@linuxcare.com --> and Bryan Abshier from
Linuxcare Inc.
* Joonas Lehtinen
* Mark Lewis
* Florian Lohoff <!-- flo@rfc822.org -->
* Pawel Machek
* James McKenzie
* Alessio Massaro
* Harald Milz
* Bjoern Mork
* Tang Ning
* Rui Oliveira
* Igor Pesando
* Raj Rijhwani
* Christian Rishoej
* Wessel de Roode
* Markus Schill
* Ryan Shillington
* Richard Titmuss
* Jean Tourrilhes
* Carlos Vidal
* Lichen Wang
* Guenther Wieser
* Toni van de Wiel
* Ralf Zabka
* Christian Zoz
</PARA>
<PARA>
Sorry I didn't start to follow the credits when starting the HOWTO, so probably I forgot somebody.
</PARA>
</APPENDIX>
<APPENDIX ID="infrared-howto-a-revision-history">
<TITLE>Revision History</TITLE>
<PARA>
<ItemizedList>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v0.1 to v0.4a, 19 March 1998 to 4 August 1998, drafts, not included in the LDP
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.0, 14 August 1998, release to the LDP
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.1, 18 August 1998, added info about IrCOMM patch by Takahide Higuchi, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.2, 24 August 1998, updated to <command>linux-irda-1998-08-20</command> snapshot, added FIR section and revision history, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.3, 27 September 1998, added sections about multiple instances, cellular phones, digital cameras,Linux to Linux connection, the cutting edge - CVS, power saving; some changes in general configuration section, changes in hardware survey section, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.4, 11 October 1998, better description of IrCOMM support, changes in dongle connection section, changes in Palm III section, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.5, 12 October 1998, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.6, 26 October 1998, section about IrManager added, updated to the <command>linux-irda-1998-10-21</command> snapshot, changed dongle connection section, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v1.7, 1 November 1998, added remote control section, changed dongle connection section, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.0, 9 January 1999, nearly complete rewrite and rearrangement according to the new structure of Linux/IR which is included into the kernel since 2.1.131, added info about BIOS support into dongle connection section, configuration tool section and CVS section removed
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.1, 13 January 1999, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.2, 26 January 1999, project name changed from Linux/IR to Linux/IrDA, extended the Troubleshooting chapter, changed the order of the Known Bugs chapter after the Troubleshooting chapter, removed some lint
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.3, 4 February 1999, added chapter about Eye Safety written by Andreas Butz; spell checking, reworking of Kernel Parameters chapter and additional information by Andreas Butz; minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.4, 9 February 1999, changed information about applying a patch file
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.5, 12 March 1999; new URL for Linux/IrDA; added chapters about Big Endian support, <command>irdaping</command>, <command>irdadump</command> and Beyond IrDA - Extending Transmission Distance; chapter Obtaining Information about the Infrared Port in Laptops improved; added many information provided by Fons Botman to Windows chapter; added SMP chapter; informations about Ericsson SH888 added; removed obsolete FAQs; minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.6, 6 April 1999, added chapters Connection to Docking Station, Connection to Keyboard and Connection via Serial Cable, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.7, 11 June 1999 started chapter Upcoming Standards (Bluetooth and IrDA), added annotations about CORBA to GUI chapter, minor information about Nokia cellular phones added, added appendix Serial Infrared Port Sniffer, started IrDA Network Neighborhood section, started Connection to Psion 5 chapter and appendix C, minor additions to LIRC chapter, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.8, 20 September 1999, added LiRC mailing list, changed &lt;htmlurl ... &gt; tag to &lt;url ...&gt;, changed format of conf.modules entries, addition to hardware detection (PCMCIA), added IrDA mailing list, changed address of Linux-IrDA mailing list, minor additions to multiple instances section, added URL of French translation, added new <command>sersniff</command> to Appendix B, added section about precompiled packages, added Palm III Connection to Thinkpad 600 chapter, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.9, 21 September 1999, changes in Printer Connection chapter, spellchecking, added connection to Siemens S25, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.10, 2 November 1999, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v2.11, 9 March 2000, added links to the 'irctl' and 'IRManager' infrared control programs, new base URL of the document, new chapter Connecting from Linux to WinCE courtesy from Arthur Tyde and Bryan Abshier of Linuxcare Inc., link to IrDA-Java interface added, link to HOWTO about Toshiba and IrDA added courtesy from Guenther Wieser, more information about a connection to S25 courtesy by Timo Felbinger, links to AT commands for cellular phones added, new chapter Code History, link to SH888 phone book tool, a short survey of IrDA protocols courtesy from Lichen Wang, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v3.0, 5 November 2000, format changed to DocBook , license changed to GNU Free Documentation License - GFDL, title changed from IR-HOWTO to Infrared-HOWTO, new document URL, links to Linux/IrDA updated
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v3.1, 8 November 2000, links updated, changed to DocBook 3.1
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v3.2, 21 March 2001, obsolet references to irmanager, /dev/irnine
and wrong device numbers removed, changes according to kernel
2.4.x applied, extensive proof-reading and testing, new links to
e-Squirt added, new chapter about module options, new chapter
about null modem connection, sections reordered and cleaned up,
other links updated
</PARA>
</ListItem>
<ListItem>
<PARA>
v3.3, 22 April 2001, included docs from 2.4.3 kernel, removed
references to obsolet stuff, minor changes
</PARA>
</ListItem>
</ItemizedList>
</PARA>
</APPENDIX
<APPENDIX ID="infrared-howto-a-serial-infrared-port-sniffers">
<TITLE>Serial Infrared Port Sniffers</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-sniffer">
<TITLE>Sniffer by Gerd Knorr</TITLE>
<PARA>
This programm is a courtesy by Gerd Knorr. You may use it to sniff the traffic which is going trough your IrDA port for details of the protocol (change the default ttyS1 in the source if necessary):
</PARA>
<PARA>
<ProgramListing>
#include &#60;stdio.h&#62;
#include &#60;stdlib.h&#62;
#include &#60;unistd.h&#62;
#include &#60;string.h&#62;
#include &#60;fcntl.h&#62;
#include &#60;termios.h&#62;
#include &#60;ctype.h&#62;
#include &#60;sys/types.h&#62;
#include &#60;sys/time.h&#62;
#include &#60;sys/ioctl.h&#62;
#define BUFSIZE 1024
int
read_and_print(int fd, int sec, int usec)
{
int rc,l,i;
char buf[BUFSIZE+1];
fd_set set;
struct timeval tv;
if (sec || usec) {
FD_ZERO(&amp;set);
FD_SET(fd,&amp;set);
tv.tv_sec = sec;
tv.tv_usec = usec;
if (0 == select(fd+1,&amp;set,NULL,NULL,&amp;tv))
return -1;
}
switch (rc = read(fd,buf,BUFSIZE)) {
case 0:
printf("EOF");
exit(0);
break;
case -1:
perror("read");
exit(1);
default:
for (l = 0; l &#60; rc; l+= 16) {
printf("%04x ",l);
for (i = l; i &#60; l+16; i++) {
if (i &#60; rc)
printf("%02x ",buf[i]);
else
printf("-- ");
if ((i%4) == 3)
printf(" ");
}
for (i = l; i &#60; l+16; i++) {
if (i &#60; rc)
printf("%c",isalnum(buf[i]) ? buf[i] : '.');
}
printf("\n");
}
break;
}
return rc;
}
void
setlines(int fd, int rts, int dtr)
{
int lines = 0;
if (rts) lines |= TIOCM_RTS;
if (dtr) lines |= TIOCM_DTR;
ioctl(fd,TIOCMSET,&amp;lines);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int ser,i;
struct termios saved_attributes,tattr;
struct winsize win;
char buf[16];
if (-1 == (ser = open("/dev/ttyS1",O_RDWR))) {
perror("open /dev/ttyS1");
exit(1);
}
/* Set the terminal mode */
tcgetattr (ser, &amp;tattr);
cfmakeraw (&amp;tattr);
cfsetospeed (&amp;tattr,B9600);
cfsetispeed (&amp;tattr,B9600);
tcsetattr (ser, 0, &amp;tattr);
setlines(ser,0,0);
#if 0
tcsendbreak(ser,0);
#endif
/* main loop */
fprintf(stderr,"setup done\n");
while (-1 != read_and_print(ser,30,0)) {
usleep(100000);
}
return 0;
}
</ProgramListing>
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-snersniff">
<TITLE>sersniff</TITLE>
<PARA>
Written by Jonathan McDowell
<ULINK URL="http://www.earth.li/projectpurple/progs/sersniff.html">sersniff</ULINK>
is a simple program to tunnel/sniff between 2 serial ports. The program was written to aid with the decoding of the protocol used by the Nokia 9000i Communicator to talk to the NServer software Nokia provides, which only runs under Windows.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</APPENDIX>
<APPENDIX ID="infrared-howto-a-eye-safety">
<TITLE>Infrared Light and Eye Safety</TITLE>
<PARA>
This section summarizes some ideas and thoughts that were exchanged on the Linux/IrDA mailing list. It is not medically wellfounded, and whoever has better evidence or some more wellfounded source of information is encouraged to contribute it to this HOWTO.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The IrDA spec says that the range of IrDA devices has been limited to 1m for reasons of eye safety. Another plausible assumption is that power consumption and IR pollution/crosstalk were reasons for this limitation. In principle there could be danger for the eye, because infrared light is not registered by the eye, and thus the pupil won't close in order to protect the retina from bright IR light sources. This is the same situation as with UV light, which will cause snow blindness eventually, but in contrast to UV light, IR light contains much less harmful energy due to its longer wavelength.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The only legal restrictions and medical advices we were able to find on the web were concerned with infrared emissions of heat lamps or in the welding process and IEC 825-1 (CENELEC EN60825-1). This suggests that IR light as emitted by IrDA devices will be harmless, since even the peak power emitted by strong IR LEDs (ca. 300mW) is several orders of magnitude below the power emitted by medical IR heat lamps (up to 500W). For these, however, you are supposed to wear protective goggles, so maybe if you are looking straight into 1.000 infrared LEDs flashing at once, you should do so, too. The effect of infrared light is mostly heat, though, and not an alteration or destruction of the biological cell structure, such as caused by UV light. Though in the specs for the HP OmniBook 800 Hewlett-Packard recommends not to look directly into the IR LED.
</PARA>
<PARA>
As stated above, this discussion is only based on guesswork and common sense assumptions about the data found in IR LED and heat lamp specs. If anybody with a better medical knowledge can comment on this, please do so!!!
</PARA>
</APPENDIX>
<APPENDIX ID="infrared-howto-a-copyrights">
<TITLE>Copyrights, Disclaimer, Trademarks</TITLE>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-disclaimer-trademarks">
<TITLE>Disclaimer and Trademarks</TITLE>
<PARA>
This is free documentation. It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty. The information in this document is correct to the best of my knowledge, but there's a always a chance I've made some mistakes, so don't follow everything too blindly, especially if it seems wrong. Nothing here should have a detrimental effect on your computer, but just in case I take no responsibility for any damages incurred from the use of the information contained herein.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Though I hope trademarks will be superfluous sometimes (you may see what I mean at
<ULINK URL="http://www.opensource.org/osd.html">Open Source Definition</ULINK>
), I declare: If certain words are trademarks, the context should make it clear to whom they belong. For example "MS Windows NT" implies that "Windows NT" belongs to Microsoft (MS). "Mac" is a trademark by Apple Computer. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and I was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. All trademarks belong to their respective owners.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-copyrights-license">
<TITLE>Copyrights</TITLE>
<PARA>
For all chapters permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being "Preface" and "Credits", with the Front-Cover Texts being "Linux Infrared HOWTO", and with the Back-Cover Texts being the section "About the Document and the Author". A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
</PARA>
<SECT1 ID="infrared-howto-s-gfdl">
<TITLE>GNU Free Documentation License - GFDL</TITLE>
<PARA>
Version 1.1, March 2000
</PARA>
<PARA>
Copyright (C) 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</PARA>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>0. PREAMBLE</TITLE>
<PARA>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other written document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure
everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
</PARA>
<PARA>
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
</PARA>
<PARA>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation:
a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book.
We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</TITLE>
<PARA>
This License applies to any manual or other work that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed
under the terms of this License. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you".
</PARA>
<PARA>
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or
with modifications and/or translated into another language.
</PARA>
<PARA>
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship
of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that
could fall directly within that overall subject. (For example, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary
Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with
related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that
says that the Document is released under this License.
</PARA>
<PARA>
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available
to the general public, whose contents can be viewed and edited directly and straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for
images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for
input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an
otherwise Transparent file format whose markup has been designed to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is
not Transparent. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
</PARA>
<PARA>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input
format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML designed for human modification.
Opaque formats include PostScript, PDF, proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML
produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>2. VERBATIM COPYING</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License,
the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the
reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies.
If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>3. COPYING IN QUANTITY</TITLE>
<PARA>
If you publish printed copies of the Document numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts,
you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover,
and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies.
The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on
the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a publicly-accessible computer-network
location containing a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material, which the general network-using public
has access to download anonymously at no charge using public-standard network protocols. If you use the latter option, you must
take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
</PARA>
<PARA>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of
copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>4. MODIFICATIONS</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that
you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus
licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these
things in the Modified Version:
</PARA>
<PARA>
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as
a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
</PARA>
<PARA>
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
less than five).
</PARA>
<PARA>
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
</PARA>
<PARA>
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
</PARA>
<PARA>
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
</PARA>
<PARA>
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
</PARA>
<PARA>
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice.
</PARA>
<PARA>
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</PARA>
<PARA>
I. Preserve the section entitled "History", and its title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and
publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section entitled "History" in the Document,
create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
</PARA>
<PARA>
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document,
and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in
the "History" section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the
Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
</PARA>
<PARA>
K. In any section entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", preserve the section's title, and preserve in the section all
the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
</PARA>
<PARA>
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
</PARA>
<PARA>
M. Delete any section entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
</PARA>
<PARA>
N. Do not retitle any existing section as "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add
their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
section titles.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may add a section entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by
various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative
definition of a standard.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to
the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text
may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same
cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another;
but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above
for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice.
</PARA>
<PARA>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a
single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section
unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
</PARA>
<PARA>
In the combination, you must combine any sections entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections entitled "Dedications". You must
delete all sections entitled "Endorsements."
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the
individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you
follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</PARA>
<PARA>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</TITLE>
<PARA>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
storage or distribution medium, does not as a whole count as a Modified Version of the Document, provided no compilation
copyright is claimed for the compilation. Such a compilation is called an "aggregate", and this License does not apply to the other
self-contained works thus compiled with the Document, on account of their being thus compiled, if they are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</PARA>
<PARA>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one
quarter of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that surround only the Document within the
aggregate. Otherwise they must appear on covers around the whole aggregate.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>8. TRANSLATION</TITLE>
<PARA>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License provided that you also include the original English version of this License. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original English version of this License, the original English version will prevail.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>9. TERMINATION</TITLE>
<PARA>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated
so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
</PARA>
</SECT2>
<SECT2>
<TITLE>10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</TITLE>
<PARA>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time.
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
</PARA>
<PARA>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version
of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified
version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not
specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software
Foundation.
</PARA>
</SECT1>
</APPENDIX>
</PART>
</BOOK>
<!--
assistants:
Raj Rijhwani raj@rijhwani.org http://www.rijhwani.org/raj/
The Armadillo with the Mask armadilo@daft.com
Mark Lewis thementalist@visto.com
todo:
apply more command, filename, warning, tip and ulink tags
internal crossreferences
include man pages
LifeTec LT9888 AskIR option in PHOENIX BIOS
3.3
* Christian Gennerat
* Jean Tourrilhes
ldp-submit@lists.linuxdoc.org
-->
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