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<!-- This is the Linux Distribution HOWTO, SGML source -- >
<!-- Eric S. Raymond, esr@snark.thyrsus.com -- >
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
<article>
<title>The Linux Distribution HOWTO
<author>Eric S. Raymond &lt;esr@thyrsus.com&gt;
<date>v6.9, 8 June 2000
<abstract>
This document is intended to help new users choose a Linux distribution,
and to help experienced users track the state of the Linux market. It
does not aim to be a complete list of Linux distributions for all
platforms, but instead focuses on leading English-language Intel
distributions available on CD-ROM and accessible to Linux novices.
</abstract>
<toc>
<sect>Introduction
<p>
There is no single distribution of the Linux software. Instead,
there are many such distributions, available both via anonymous FTP
and by mail order on CD-ROM.
The purpose of this document is to provide short summaries of the
English-language Linux CD-ROM distributions, and to provide
pointers for the reader to find more information. A German
Distributions HOWTO was formerly maintained by Marco Budde but
seems to have disappeared. We are not aware of any distributions
in languages other than English and German.
The information presented here is not complete; there are other
Linux distributions than are listed here. By the nature of open
source software, anyone that changes anything in their Linux
installation and makes it available to others somehow is `a
distribution'. A document such as this has to pick somewhere to
draw the line. I have picked `available on CD'. This is by no
means the definition of a Linux distribution. There are numerous
small distributions that offer things the big distros don't, not
the least of which is smallness itself.
The information presented here is not complete; there are other
Linux distributions than are listed here. If you are associated
with a CD-ROM distribution we don't list, please see
<ref id="submissions" name="Submissions To This Document">
near the end of this document
for information on making a submission. It's easy and should take
less then five minutes.
For a more complete list of distributions (albeit with sparser
information on each) see the <url name="Linux HQ Distributions List"
url="http://www.linuxhq.com/dist-index.html">.
<bf/Disclaimer:/ We make absolutely <em/no/ guarantee as to the
correctness of the information, prices, and ordering details given
in this document. Check the last-modified field of each to get an
idea of its currency, then go to the vendor's web page for
up-to-date information. Furthermore, unless otherwise stated the
Linux software comes with <em/ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY/.
Your editor tries to stick to facts in most of this HOWTO, but he
has some opinions on the state of the Linux market. If you care
what they are, you can read them under <ref id="opinions"
name="Editorial Recommendations">.
<bf/Disclosure:/ I (esr) have no financial connection to any Linux
vendor, nor have I accepted any renumeration or perquisites from
any vendor other than free product for review (and one T-shirt from
Red Hat).
<sect1>New versions of this document
<p>
This document will be posted monthly to the newsgroups
<tt>comp.os.linux.answers</tt> . The document is archived on a number
of Linux FTP sites, including <tt>metalab.unc.edu</tt> in
<tt>pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO</tt>.
<p>
You can also view the latest version of this HOWTO on the World
Wide Web via the URL <url
url="http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Distribution-HOWTO.html">.
Feel free to mail any questions or comments about this HOWTO to
Eric S. Raymond, <tt/esr@snark.thyrsus.com/. Please do <em/not/
send me general Linux questions or requests for help in
choosing a distribution unless you're willing to hire me at
normal consulting rates; I don't have time to deal with them,
and I try to put everything I know about choosing a
distribution in this document.
<sect1>Recent Changes
<p>
Yggdrasil Plug-And-Play and Craftworks Linux seem no longer to be
available for sale, and have been dropped. DOSLINUX has also been
dropped due to its specialist nature. KRUD, Linux-Mandrake, and
LinuxGT have been added.
<sect1>Overview of the Linux Market
<p>
In the beginning (say, 1993), a Linux distribution was something
you downloaded off the Internet onto floppies. Installation was a
laborious process and repeated frustrations due to bad media were
common.
Then came cheap CD-ROM drives and the CD-ROM, a medium ideally
suited for shipping large volumes of operating-system software
cheaply. There's a whole mini-industry now built around commercial
CD-ROM Linuxes, and (because the vendors have actual cash flow to
fund support and marketing) they increasingly dominate the Linux
world. Debian is now the only significant non-commercial release,
and even it seems to be propagated largely by shovelware CD-ROMs.
Most of the CD-ROM distributions (including Slackware, Yggdrasil and
Red Hat) are still available for FTP from the home sites of their
developers. But if you have a CD-ROM drive and a few dollars, you
will have many more distributions and more support options to
choose from (and you'll usually get some useful paper
documentation). For more on the details of installation, see
the Linux Installation HOWTO,
<url url="http://metalab.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.html">.
Prices for CD-ROM distributions of Intel Linuxes start at
&dollar;20 and top out at a whole &dollar;50 (and the extra few
dollars can buy real value). Many vendors sell subscription deals
that will lower your cost-per-CD for regular updates over the
subscription period.
Price correlates with features and quality pretty well (as one
would expect in a very competitive market). Your editor recommends
paying the few extra dollars for a top-drawer original CD-ROM
distribution; this will pay off in fewer installation and
administration hassles down the road.
Making good choices is much simpler than it used to be. In 1995-96
the Linux market underwent a serious shakeout, with a very few
commercial distributions emerging as leaders while weaker ones
disappeared or stagnated. The toll among general-purpose
non-commercial distributions has been even fiercer; essentially,
only Debian survives in this role.
As a result, the three-tier structure of primary distribution
builders, value-added repackagers, and bottom-feeding CD shovellers
that used to define the market has nearly collapsed. To be
competitive in the third millennium, a Linux outfit (whether
commercial or noncommercial) has to offer reasonable support and
behave like a primary distribution builder, whether it's really one
or not. So as long as you look for a recent freeze date, it is
pretty hard to get stuck with a dud distribution these days.
<sect1>Editorial Recommendations<label id=opinions>
<p>
Last section, the facts. In this section, my opinions (for
whatever they're worth -- and remember the caveat about free
advice). There is no substitute for doing your own evaluation
based on experience and the data in this guide, and these are
intended more to illuminate my possible biases than as a guide to
what you should do.
From the beginnings of the Linux CD-ROM industry in 1993 to Fall
1995, Yggdrasil was the king of the hill -- it essentially founded
the CD-ROM market and then set the standard for everybody else. I
used Yggdrasil, and I recommended it over commercial System V
versions for its superior documentation, large collection of
applications, and enlightened policy of sending free releases to
open-source authors and dedicating part of the price of each CD-ROM to
financially supporting free software. But Yggdrasil hasn't issued
a new release since 1995 and they've been left behind by the
market.
I now run Red Hat Linux and am quite satisfied with it. They have
successfully created a de-facto standard in distribution packaging
with RPM (now also used by SuSE and Mandrake, among others). They've
made most of the right moves at the right times and I consider them
the current market leader.
If you're ideologically wedded to using a non-commercial distribution,
Debian seems to me to be the clear choice, the only one left with
a serious support team behind it.
These opinions should certainly not be interpreted as an
unconditional endorsement; different Linux distributions are
optimized for different needs, and yours may well be best served by
some other distribution (especially if, unlike me, you're mainly a
DOS user and are looking for a distribution tuned for dual-boot
systems and being launched from DOS).
Furthermore, industry standing is volatile. By the time you read
this, Red Hat or Debian may well have fallen off their games and
been displaced by hungrier newcomers.
<sect>Distributions
<p>
All these distributions are available on CD-ROM (some of the
non-commercial ones only show up on network-archive snapshots).
Most of these are available for free over the network (but the
commercial ones won't support you if you buy this way). They are
custom-assembled, rather than just being re-packagings of a
pre-existing network release.
They are listed in alphabetical order.
<sect1> Caldera OpenLinux
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>Caldera, Inc.</cdx> <newline>
633 South 550 East <newline>
Provo, Utah 84606 <newline>
Net: <htmlurl name="info@caldera.com" url="mailto:info@caldera.com"> <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.caldera.com"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.caldera.com"> <newline>
Vox: (801)-377-7678 <newline>
Fax: (801)-377-8752 <newline>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Caldera is shipping OpenLinux 1.2 in a three-tiered family of
products: OpenLinux Lite, OpenLinux Base, and OpenLinux Standard.
OpenLinux Lite is a freely available evaluation of the OpenLinux
product (it includes a 90-day evalutation of the Caldera integrated
Desttop--the full licensed version of the desktop is included in the
Base and Standard products). OpenLinxu Lite can be downloaded from
Caldera's ftp site, or obtainded on CD for the cost of shipping. It
is also designed for use by book and software publishers to provide
a commercially stable Linux offering with their books and software
products.
OpenLinux Base contains everything that is in Lite plus it is a
complete, easy-to-install Linux operating system, with integrated
Desktop, Internet client and server components, and Intranet
connectivity. OpenLinux Base includes Netscape Navigator and full
documentation.
OpenLinux Standard includes what is in Base plus more high-end, name
brand, commercial software components (such as Netscape FastTrack Web
Server, Netscape Navigator Gold Web browser and authoring tools,
ADABAS D database, StarOffice productivity suite, Caldera OpenDOS, and
NetWare client and administration tools).
All three tiers of the OpenLinux 1.2 release are currently available.
With Caldera OpenLinux, you can see a whole world of powerful
new computing, even the power of a UNIX workstation on your PC!
By using a Linux kernel, OpenLinux gives you speed and stability
that compare to systems costing thousands of dollars. Open Linux
also gives you:
<itemize>
<item> Real multi-tasking runs many text or graphical applications at
once; no application can cause another to crash, unlike less robust
systems.
<item> The Linux 2.0 kernel gives super-fast TCP/IP access to the
Internet, plus loadable device drivers, for the most efficient use
of your system resources.
<item> Easy-to-follow, quick installation with menu-based choices and
auto-detection of your hardware make installation a snap on most
systems. The Getting Started Guide (included) provides a
step-by-step illustrated procedure, with troubleshooting tips.
</itemize>
No other Linux system includes a complete, integrated desktop
interface with configuration tools and graphical editor. Its
powerful drag-and-drop capabilities come pre-configured with
thousands of icons and application settings. The Desktop provides a
convenient place where you can store your favorite programs and
data files for instant access. The Desktop gives you:
<itemize>
<item> Drag-and-drop launching of programs with data files.
<item> An integrated graphical text editor.
<item> Easy access to an array of powerful system configuration tools.
<item> A configurable icon bar, custom layouts, and preference settings.
<item> Powerful file management using drag-and-drop or graphical dialogs.
</itemize>
<tag/Ordering:/
By email with PGP key, by phone, by fax, or by conventional mail.
Full ordering details are at
<url url="http://www.caldera.com/mpro/orinfo/orderinfo.html">.
<tag/Support:/
Caldera is one of the only Linux distributers to offer E-mail and
telephone support. OpenLinux Base (E-mail only) and Standard
(Telephone and E-mail) users are fully supported (Standard users
receive 5 free incident calls during the first 30 days). There is
no technical support for the Lite product.
OpenLinux Base and Standard ship with full licensed versions of the
Caldera Desktop, which do not expire. OpenLinux Lite ships with a
90-day evaluation version of the Desktop.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
May 1998 (?)
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 August 1998
</descrip>
<sect1>Debian Linux Distribution
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>Software in the Public Interest, Inc.</cdx>
PO Box 1326 <newline>
Boston, Ma. 02117 USA <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@debian.org" name="info@debian.org"> <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.debian.org"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian">
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Debian Linux is the result of a volunteer effort to create a
high-quality non-commercial Linux distribution. Debian Linux 2.0
is a complete and fully-functional Unix-compatible operating system
for the personal computer. The system uses ELF executables and
libc6 (unlikeprevious Debian versions, which used libc5). At
present, Debian Linux is available for the IBM PC architecture
(386/486/Pentium) and m68k, with versions for Sparc and Alpha
promised for 2.1. ARM, PPC, and UltraSparc ports are underway.
Debian Linux is an easy-to-upgrade distribution that mostly
consists of freely redistributable software from a number of
different sources and systems. Support for shadow passwords is
available, although it should be considered experimental in the 1.1
release. Non-free packages may also obtained, making Debian a
well-rounded system.
The benefits of Debian Linux are its upgradability, well-defined
dependencies between packages, and its open development. It is the
only distribution of Linux that is being developed co-operatively
by many individuals through the Internet, in the same spirit as
Linux and other open-source operating systems. More than 400
package maintainers are working on over 1500 packages and improving
Debian Linux. A sophisticated bug tracking system allows users to
easily report bugs and security concerns which are quickly dealt
with by the Debian community. A new release of the package will
soon occur on well-known ftp archives.
Debian Linux is a very dynamic distribution. Snap-shot releases
are made about every three months, the ftp archives are updated
daily.
For more information about Debian Linux, please refer to the files
at <url url="ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/doc/"> or visit our World
Wide Web page at <url url="http://www.debian.org/">. There is also
a book, "Running Debian GNU/Linux", from O'Reilly & Associates.
If you're interested in joining this project you are invited to
subscribe to either debian-user@lists.debian.org or
debian-devel@lists.debian.org by sending a mail to
debian-user-request@lists.debian.org (or debian-devel-request
respectively) with the word "help" in the subject line.
<tag/Internet Access:/
Debian Linux is available via anonymous FTP from <url
url="ftp://ftp.debian.org/debian/"> and on a <htmlurl name="mirror"
url="http://www.debian.org/ftplist.html"> near to you.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
24 July 1998 (2.0)
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 Aug 1998
</descrip>
<sect1>Linux Pro
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>WorkGroup Solutions, Inc.</cdx> <newline>
P.O. Box 460190 <newline>
Aurora, CO 80046-0190 <newline>
Vox: (303)-699-7470 <newline>
Fax: (303)-699-2793 <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@wgs.com" name="info@wgs.com"> (orders) <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.wgs.com/pub2/wgs"> <newline>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
The charter of the WGS Linux Pro CD is different from all other
distributions currently on the market. We are actively
pursuing penetration into the commercial marketplace for Linux.
Everything we do is aimed at increasing the size of the Linux
community, and helping Linux to become THE one true operating
system, not just an operating system.
WGS Linux Pro consists of our Main "Stable" Linux CD, for which
we select what we consider to be the best Linux distribution
available. Then we make bug fixes &amp; minor enhancements. This
CD often contains software older than the latest, under the theory
that "the latest is not always the greatest". Together with this
approach we provide technical support as well as support agreements.
For this reason WGS Linux Pro is considered a primary Linux
distribution. Optionally, and in addition to our primary CD, we
supply supplemental CDs containing all the latest Linux software
(including current archives of the tsx-11, metalab, and Red Hat
sites). Virtually anything you will get with anyone's Linux
product can be found on these supplemental CDs. We continually add
more to these supplemental CDs as software becomes available. Even
with all this, pricing on our product line is very favorable when
correctly compared to other Linux distributions. Also optional
(included with Linux Pro+) is a professionally produced and printed
manual containing the Linux documentation project and more!
Current version is 4.0a; kernel is 1.2.13 with installable 2.0.x
on the CD.
<tag/Internet Access:/
Look in <url url="http://www.wgs.com"> for a list of WGS products,
and latest information on the CD-ROM.
<tag/Ordering:/
WGS Linux Pro is available on CD from dealers and distributors
worldwide, and soon from our FTP site.
You may call, fax, email, or mail us, to purchase, or request
additional information. We will be happy to respond to any
question you have. We accept American Express, Visa, Discover, and
MasterCard, or purchase orders with approval of credit.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
Complete information is available on our FTP site.
WGS publishes a free E-Mail newsletter on Linux and FlagShip
to which you may subscribe by just emailing us your request.
In addition we carry Motif, FlagShip, A line of books, and
other products to make your experience with Linux more complete
and fulfilling. Check us out!
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
1 October 1996.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 March 1997
<tag/Editor's comment:/
They describe their current distribution as "Red Hat 3.03 plus".
</descrip>
<sect1>Red Hat Linux
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>Red Hat Software</cdx> <newline>
3201 Yorktown Rd, Suite 123 DeKalb Center <newline>
Durham, NC 27713 <newline>
Vox: (800) 546-7274 or (919) 572-6500 <newline>
<!-- Erik Troan x229 -->
<!-- Bob Young x227 -->
<!-- Ed Bailey x232 -->
Fax: (919) 572-6726 <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:redhat@redhat.com" name="redhat@redhat.com"> <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.redhat.com"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com"> <newline>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Red Hat 6.1 is based on the 2.2 kernel and is available for
Intel, Sparc and Alpha platforms.
Four installation innovations make Red Hat the easiest Linux to
install ever. Our graphical installation mode brings you straight
up into X for most of the installation. Our boot disk creation script
eases selection of the proper boot disk, and it saves your existing
network configuration information and XF86Config so you don't have to
configure TCP/IP or X! Our FTP install allows you to install simply
by downloading 3 floppy disk images -- the rest is done automatically!
And finally, the installation includes seamless support for PCMCIA
devices -- install Red Hat on your laptop as easily as on your
desktop machine!
After installing Red Hat Linux once, you will never need to reinstall
Linux again! The new RPM packaging system is sophisticated enough to
allow upgrading to new Red Hat releases without reinstalling your
system - no partitioning, no backing up all your files, no headaches.
<tag/Ordering:/
Available directly from Red Hat Software and most distributors
of Linux related products. Please contact Red Hat Software for
ordering details (on-line ordering is available through Red Hat's
Web). Suggested retail price for the Standard version is
&dollar;29.95; for the Professional (server) version
&dollar;149.95; for the Deluxe version &dollar;79.95.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Unknown.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
1 Nov 1999.
<tag/Editor's Comments:/
The big selling point of this distribution is RPM, the Red Hat
Package Manager. This piece of software is a remarkable advance;
it allows you to cleanly install and de-install applications and
operating-system components, including the kernel and OS base
itself. RPM is now used as well by essentially all other
distributions except Debian.
</descrip>
<sect1>Trans-Ameritech Linuxware
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>Trans-Ameritech</cdx> <newline>
2342A Walsh Avenue <newline>
Santa Clara, CA 95051 <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@trans-am.com" name="info@trans-am.com"> <newline>
WWW: http://www.trans-am.com <newline>
Vox: (408)-727-3883 <newline>
Fax: (408)-727-3882 <newline>
BBS: (408)-980-9840
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Trans-Ameritech has published 10 releases of Linux by early 1997.
Traditionally, Trans-Ameritech has set new standards for combining
ease of use and straightforward installation, even for a first-time
user, with its line of LinuxWare CD-ROMs. This is a flexible,
easy-to-install operating system geared toward those interested in
learning Unix as well as technical people, students and home PC
users.
<itemize>
<item> New Linux users will appreciate a Windows-based set up
program from the CD.
<item> To minimize the possibility of hardware conflicts many extra
kernels are provided for different configurations. They are usable
for installation and normal operation.
<item> Many on-line documents are provided for quick reference,
including the Linux Documentation Project files in source, dvi and
ps formats.
</itemize>
Many applications are included:
<itemize>
<item> MS-Windows based X configuration program
<item> C/C++,Pascal and Ada compilers as well as converters fron
Fortran
<item> TCP/IP networking, UUCP,SLIP,CSLIP,PPP
<item> Internet access with binaries and sources for
FTP,Telnet,News and E-mail
<item> Multiple terminals and X-Windows environment
<item> Gnu and international versions of the ispell spell-cheker
<item> The communications apps:term,minicom,Seyon (X-Windows based)
<item> Editors:elvis(vi clone),joe,jove,Emacs
<item> PostScript clone ghostscript
<item> Object oriented GNU Smalltalk and the Smalltalk interface to X
<item> TCL/Tk (Powerful scripting language with Motif-like X interface)
<item> Programs for electrical engineers and ham enthusiasts
<item> Interviews libraries,include files and doc Word-processor
and idraw drawing program
<item> Typesetting:TeX,LaTeX,xdvi,dvips,Metafont,groff
<item> Andrew multimedia word prodessor with hyperlinks
<item> FAX send and receive on either class 1 or class 2 fax modems
<item> DOOM for game enthusiasts
</itemize>
All the sources are available on the CD-ROM. The often needed
sources are uncompressed and can be used directly from the CD-ROM.
An uncompressed Linux filesystem is available for references and
disk space conversaion. You can run programs directly from the
CD-ROM! There is a large info directory for on-line reference and
many manpages.
For hacker's reference, uncompressed FreeBSD and netBSD sources are
provided.
Our distribution is targeted for Windows and DOS users who want an easy
migration path upwards, rather than for UNIX experts.
<tag/Ordering:/
Email orders are taken at <htmlurl url="mailto:order@trans-am.com"
name="order@trans-am.com"> <newline>
The price for our current release of LinuxWare 2.5 is &dollar;19.95
The price for a package order: LinuxWare 2.5,Supplement 5 and
Supplement 4 (Ultimate LinuxWare Bundle) in one shipment is &dollar;30
If you order with a credit card (VISA, MC, AmEx, Discovery),
please, indicate the card number, expiration date and your mailing
address.
Shipping and handling in US: single CD-ROM or Ultimate LinuxWare
Bundle is &dollar;5(first class US mail).
Overseas shipping is &dollar;8 for single CD-ROM , &dollar;12 for
the bundle.
COD is available in the US only for &dollar;4.50.
California residents, please add 7.75&percnt; sales tax.
Annual subscription (4 releases) is available for &dollar;80 plus
S&amp;H (note: there are 4 shipments in a subscription). Example:
subscription in US is:&dollar;80+&dollar;5x4=&dollar;100.
Subscription in Europe/Japan etc. &dollar;80 + &dollar;8x4 =
&dollar;112.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
If you have any further questions,please contact us through E-mail:
info@trans-am.com or order@trans-am.com.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
January 1997 (Supplement 5)
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 August 1998
</descrip>
<sect1>Slackware
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
<cdx>Walnut Creek CDROM</cdx> <newline>
4041 Pike Lane, Suite D <newline>
Concord, CA 94520 <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@cdrom.com" name="info@cdrom.com">
(information), <htmlurl url="mailto:order@cdrom.com"
name="order@cdrom.com"> (orders), <htmlurl
url="mailto:support@cdrom.com" name="support@cdrom.com"> (support).
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Ftp.cdrom.com is the home of Slackware Linux. We are the publishers
of the Official Slackware Linux CDROM. Our distribution is a 4-disc
set with the current version being Slackware 96. The current disc
is based on the 2.0.34 kernel.
Slackware Linux is a full featured distribution
of the Linux operating system designed for 386/486 computers with a
3.5&dquot floppy and CD-ROM drive.
<tag/Internet Access:/
WWW: <url url="http://www.cdrom.com/titles/os/slack96.htm"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp:ftp.cdrom.com/pub/linux/slackware"> <newline>
<tag/Ordering:/
The cost of the CD-ROM set from Walnut Creek is &dollar;39.95.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
July 1998 (3.5)
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 August 1998.
</descrip>
<sect1>S.u.S.E.
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
S.u.S.E., Inc.<newline>
458 Santa Clara Ave<newline>
Oakland CA 94610 USA<newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@suse.com" name="info@suse.com"><newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.suse.com"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.suse.com"> <newline>
Vox: +1-510-835-7873
Fax: +1-510-835-7875 fax
<tag/Provider's Description:/
S.u.S.E. Linux offers users of all levels, from novice to expert,
quick and easy entry into world of Linux and Unix. Resources such
as a menu-driven installation from CD-ROM, a modular boot diskette,
400-page reference book and S.u.S.E.'s own system administration
tool, YaST allow one to quickly get Linux installed and running,
and to keep it running smoothly.
Furthermore, S.u.S.E. offers a series of supported X servers, which
support the newest graphics cards. These servers are created in
cooperation with the XFree86 (tm) development team. See the
following URL for more details: <url url="http://www.suse.de/XSuSE">.
New in S.u.S.E. Linux 5.3:
<itemize>
<item>Kernel 2.0.35
<item>KDE 1.0
<item>GIMP 1.0
<item>SaX (SuSE advanced XF86 configuration tool)
</itemize>
Quick overview of other features:
<itemize>
<item> The Linux OS, over 875 software packages, including complete
sources and live file system on 4 CD-ROMs
<item> 400 page reference book
<item> Packages in RPM format; TGZ packages installable
<item> System V compatible boot concept, compliance with file
system standard
<item> Installation and administration utility 'YaST' configures
network, ISDN, e-mail, printer, X Window System
<item> S.u.S.E. X servers which support new graphics cards
<item> Administration of file systems, users, groups
<item> Automatic configuration of several window managers
<item> Online help system and documentation
<item> Demo mode, either directly from CD-ROM, or on DOS partition
</itemize>
<tag/Ordering:/
You can download from <url url="ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/SuSE-Linux">.
For the CD-ROM with support, order vphone, secure WWW order form,
fax, or post. Price is $49.95, or $34.95 per edition by
subscription. Use order code LSUE520 for the English version,
LSUD520.
Also available: OSF Motif 2.1 for $129.95 (price for update to be
determined; order code: LMEA210
<tag/Support:/
60 days of free installation support are included with each
purchase of S.u.S.E. Linux. See the web page for contact info and
conditions.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Unknown.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
13 Aug 1998 (5.3)
</descrip>
<sect1>LinuxGT
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
Grey Technology<newline>
PMB 205<newline>
2479 Murphreesboro Rd.<newline>
Nashville, TN 37217<newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:rick@greysite.com" name="rick@greysite.com"> (orders) <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.greysite.com"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/distributions/linuxGT"> <newline>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
LinuxGT is based in the Linux 2.2 kernel, available for Intel only
at this point, a PPC and SPARC are on the way! With a simple, to
the point installation, we believe it is the easiest to get running
server solutions available today! Creating a boot disk is a simple
click of a button (from Windows), or running a simple script
(DOS/Linux). Other installation methods are via ftp, http, NFS, or
from your existing hard disk partition. By following the steps in
the QuickStart Guide, you can't go wrong, most people won't NEED
the Guide if they have ANY familiarity with Linux. Further product
information can be found at our website (http://www.greysite.com)
or via e-mail.
<tag/Ordering:/
Available through Grey Technologies, GT Partners, and Distribution
Vendors. Please contact Grey Technology for ordering details
(on-line ordering is available through GreySite.Com). Suggested
retail price is for the Intel Server version is $dollar;24.95. Other
platforms will be priced at time of availability.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
Technical support is available via telephone, e-mail, chatroom, or
online Web Forum.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
24 Jun 1999
<tag/Entry last modified:/
24 Jun 1999
</descrip>
<sect1>KRUD - Kevin's Red Hat Uber Distribution
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
tummy.com, ltd.<newline>
5400 Fossil Court North<newline>
Fort Collins CO 80525<newline>
Vox: (970) 223-8215
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:krud@tummy.com" name="krud@tummy.com">
Web: <url url="http://www.tummy.com/">
<tag/Provider's Description:/
The current Red Hat distribution with full errata available by
subscription or as a single CD. Also included are a variety of
useful packages for Linux, including a several security-related
packages such as ssh and isinglass.
Requires standard Red Hat compatible Hardware.
Currently, KRUD is not for export because it contains crypto software.
<tag/Internet Access:/
Available on CD-ROM only because of export restrictions.
<tag/Ordering:/
<htmlurl url="https://www.tummy.com/krud/onlineorder.html"> (online)<newline>
<htmlurl url="http://www.tummy.com/krud/mailorder.html"> (by mail)<newline>
$3/US each<newline>
$36/US 12 issue subscription (monthy update)<newline>
Visa/Mastercard/Discover/Amex credit cards accepted.<newline>
University and large business purchase orders, Postal money orders are
also accepted.<newline>
<tag/Support:/
Support is available on an hourly or contract basis from tummy.com,
ltd. Rates start at $120/hour.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
KRUD helps you keep up with the flood of errata and package upgrades
by offering a monthly CD-ROM subscription delivered to you at a
reasonable price.
</descrip>
<sect1>Linux-Mandrake
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
MandrakeSoft<newline>
Daniel Morales - MandrakeSoft 818.834.9860<newline>
Caroline Carmagnol - Aliz&eacute; Public Relations 650.323.1607<newline>
mandrake@linux-mandrake.com<newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:mandrake@linux-mandrake.com" name="mandrake@linux-mandrake.com"> (orders) <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.linux-mandrake.com"> <newline>
Vox: 818.834.9860
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Linux-Mandrake is inspired by Red Hat(tm) Linux, with many
improvements and pre-configured applications which make it easier to
use for beginners, and faster for everyone.
Linux-Mandrake is available both in GPL Edition and in the PowerPack
Edition which includes 5 CDs and commercials applications. The GPL
Edition CD (base system and applications) is freely available from
Internet as an iso image.
Linux-Mandrake 6.0 won two LinuxWorld Editors' Choice Awards and
was a runner up at LinuxWorld Expo, San Jose, CA in August 1999:
<enum>
<item>Best Linux Product of the Year.
<item>Best Distribution/Server.
<item>finalist for Best Distribution/Client.
</enum>
Mandrake 6.1 (Helios) features:
<enum>
<item>Linux-Kernel: 2.2.13 (pre4)
<item>XFree86: 3.3.5
<item>Glibc: 2.1.1
<item>RPM: 3.0.3
<item>Bash: 2.03
<item>KDE: 1.1.2 (with Mandrake customization)
<item>Gnome: built from 1.0.4->1.0.14 versions (with Mandrake
customization)
<item>Enlightenment 0.16-dev5, Windowmaker 0.60, AfterStep 1.7.111,
XFCE 3.0.2, IceWM 0.9.48
</enum>
and many applications such as Apache, MySQL etc.
In Mandrake, packages have been compiled with CPU optimizations for
pentium-class (intel, amd, cyrix, winchip...) and higher processors
resulting in speed improvements up to 30%.
<tag/Internel Access:/
<url url="http://www.linux-mandrake.com/en/ftp.php3">
<tag/Ordering:/
Free download available from Internet.
The Linux-Mandrake PowerPack price is typically between $45 and $50.
Payment method depends on the distributor.
Distributor lists available at:
<url url="http://www.linux-mandrake.com/en/fsinglecd.php3">.
<tag/Support:/
The PowerPack is provided with 100 days of support by email.
Several specialized mailling-lists and a USENET newsgroup
(alt.os.linux.mandrake) are available for support between users.
Bynari Systems Group and LinuxCare also provide complete support
for Mandrake.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Sep 17, 1999 for Mandrake 6.1 (Helios).
Update frequency: about 4 months.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
18 September 1999
</descrip>
<sect1>Linux by Libranet
<p><descrip>
<tag/Distributor:/
Libra Computer Systems Ltd.<newline>
1860 Langworthy Street<newline>
North Vancouver, BC<newline>
V7K 1N8
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:sales@libranet.com" name="sales@libranet.com"> (orders) <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:support@libranet.com" name="support@libranet.com"> (support) <newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:faq@libranet.com" name="faq@libranet.com"> (faq) <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.libranet.com"> <newline>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
Based on the Debian distribution, it allows users to start with
an already configured desktop complete with the most commonly used
applications. The simple installation gets the system up and running
easily. This is a major benefit to those new to Linux and a great
time-saver for the experienced.
<tag/Ordering:/
Available on CD for intel i386 and higher compatibles.
Order via the web at http://www.libranet.com or fax/mail order
One year free support via email and fax.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
The Linux by Libranet Desktop brings Debian, traditionally the
choice of developers, to the desktop user.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Updated CD about every 4 months.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
1 November 1999
</descrip>
<sect1>Turbo Linux
<p><descrip>
TurboLinux, Inc.<newline>
2000 Sierra Point Parkway<newline>
Suite 401<newline>
Brisbane, CA 94005<newline>
Net: <htmlurl url="mailto:info@turbolinux.com" name="info@turbolinux.com"> (orders) <newline>
WWW: <url url="http://www.turbolinux.com"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="ftp://ftp.turbolinux.com/"> <newline>
Vox: (650)-244-7777
Fax: 650-244-7766
<tag/Provider's Description:/
TurboLinux makes a suite of high-performance Linux products for the
workstation and server markets. Our products are available from our
Web site, at more than 3,000 retail stores in North America and
from our value-added reseller partners around the world. Our products:
<descrip>
<tag/Workstation 6.0/
TurboLinux Workstation 6.0 is your high-performance choice for
Linux on the desktop. The powerful office productivity suite
StarOffice gives you full Microsoft Office compatibility and
Netscape gets you quickly online for e-mail and Web surfing.
<tag/Server 6.0/
TurboLinux Server 6.0, completely re-engineered as a secure,
high-performance backend server for business workgroups in the
enterprise, now includes robust e-commerce software for
business-to-business transactions.
<tag/TurboCluster Server 4.0/
Build affordable, scalable and available server clusters (25+
cluster nodes!) with TurboCluster Server 4.0, voted Best Web
Solution by the editors of Linux Journal. TurboCluster Server,
also named Corporate IT Best Product winner for enterprise-class
customers at the IT 2000 Sydney computer show, integrates
seamlessly into your existing IT environment to cluster Solaris and
Windows NT server nodes as well as Linux..
<tag/enFuzion 6.0>
Turn your existing network into a supercomputer! Based on a simple
but powerful concept called parametric execution, enFuzion turns
your existing computer network into a high speed, fault tolerant,
highly available supercomputer.
</descrip>
<tag/Ordering:/
See <url url="http://www.turbolinux.com/products/">
TurboLinux is also offered in retail stores and many online stores.
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Workstation 6.0 - January 3.<newline>
Server 6.0 - January 3.<newline>
TurboCluster Server - October 4.<newline>
Estimated update frequency can vary from 2 weeks to 3 months
depending on the product.
<tag/Entry last modified:/
22 Mar 2000.
</descrip>
<sect>Submissions To This Document<label id="submissions">
<p>
I encourage anyone and everyone who maintains a Linux distribution
or mail order service, to submit information on their service to
this HOWTO. It's easy and fun, and it's free advertising. This
document is posted to many places and is archived (see the next
section).
<sect1>Types of Submissions
<p>
We are interested in submissions for:
<itemize>
<item>Complete distributions of Linux software available on CD-ROM.
(We no longer carry FTP-only distributions, as this document is
aimed primarily at new users for which they are not appropriate.)
By `complete distribution' we mean any set of software which can be
used to build a complete Linux system from scratch.
<item>Layered products or individual software packages available only
via mail order. If your software package is available via
anonymous FTP, chances are people can find it. Software products
only available via mail-order include commercial things such as
Motif, and any other commercial software ported to Linux.
<item>Any other <em/Linux-specific/ goods available via mail order,
such as Linux-specific books and documentation, T-shirts, and
assorted paraphrenalia. Note: our interest in the latter
categories is marginal -- this is a Linux Distributions HOWTO,
not a catalogue of cutesy Linux junk. Whatever you're
selling will have to be (a) very useful, (b) very original, or
(c) very funny, to get listed here.
</itemize>
If the number of submissions for services and layered products
is large, I'll create a separate HOWTO for these items.
<sect1>How to submit
<p>
To submit an entry to this HOWTO, please send mail to
<tt/esr@snark.thyrsus.com/ with the following information. This
format is not machine-parsable; any of the fields may be any
length that you wish, but I'd like to keep each entry down to,
say, 50 lines.
<descrip>
<tag/Name:/
<em/Name of service or distribution/
<tag/Distributor:/
<em>Name of company, person, etc. who distributes/maintains
the service or distribution. Should include mail, email,
phone contact information, and (if possible) a WWW reference.</em>
<tag/Provider's Description:/
<em>Description of the distribution or service
that you provide. If this is a software distribution, please include
information such as what software is included, versions, general
overview of installation, requirements, and so on.</em>
<tag/Internet Access:/
<em>Where your service or distribution is
available over the Internet; typically a WWW or FTP address.</em>
<tag/Ordering:/
<em>How to order your distribution or service, if
applicable. Include prices, shipping information, methods of
payment, etc.</em>
<tag/Support:/
Information on support terms and support contracts.
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
<em>Anything else that you find relevant.</em>
<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
Last freeze date of the current version(s). Also, your estimated
update frequency.
</descrip>
<sect1>Submission Guidelines
<p>
Please keep your entry as short as possible. If you need to include
extensive information, please make a reference to where one can FTP
or mail to get more information on your distribution; these entries
are only meant to be <em/pointers/ to where one can find information
on your service or distribution.
If you provide more than one service or distribution, please use
<em/separate entries/ for each.
I may edit your entries for conciseness and brevity, if I find
any irrelevant information, or if the entry is overly verbose.
Otherwise the content should remain the same.
When making submissions to the Distribution-HOWTO, you grant implicit
permission for me to use the entries in other materials, such as books
from the LDP, and other online documents. For example, information
from the Distribution-HOWTO may be included in a published Linux book.
If you do not want me to include your entry in materials other than
the Distribution-HOWTO, please say so.
<sect>Administrivia
<p>
<sect1> Terms of Use
<p>
This document is copyright 1997 by Eric S. Raymond. You may use,
disseminate, and reproduce it freely, provided you:
<itemize>
<item>Do not omit or alter this copyright notice.
<item>Do not omit or alter or omit the version number and date.
<item>Do not omit or alter the document's pointer to the current WWW version.
<item>Clearly mark any consdensed, altered or versions as such.
</itemize>
These restrictions are intended to protect potential readers from
stale or mangled versions. If you think you have a good case for
an exception, ask me.
<sect1>Acknowledgements
<p>
This document was originated by Bill Riemers. Matt Welsh
maintained the second version. Erik Troan then maintained
the document to release 3.0.
<p>
In January 1995, Eric Raymond, while unaware of the existence of
this document, began to develop a similar FAQ in the format
of his now-discontinued "PC-clone UNIX Software Buyer's
Guide", which had covered mainly System V UNIXes and BSD/OS.
<p>
In March 1995, Eric approached Erik about cooperating on a merged
version. In early April 1995, Erik went to work for Red Hat
Software, and (wishing to avoid a conflict of interest) handed the
document to Eric. Eric merged in a lot of new information and
added several new fields to the distribution entries.
<p>
Accordingly, this document has been a sort of serial collaboration.
The editorial `we' generally tags observations by all the
maintainers; `I' is Eric (the current one) speaking.
<p>
We are delighted to acknowledge the contributions of all the
Linux users and Internet hackers who have contributed information
and feedback.
</article>
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<p><descrip>
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WWW: <url url="{your WWW address}"> <newline>
FTP: <url url="{your FTP address}"> <newline>
Vox: {your voice phone, if any}
Fax: {your fax phone, if any}
<tag/Provider's Description:/
{your description of your product}
<tag/Ordering:/
{price/availability information}
<tag/Miscellaneous:/
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<tag/Last Freeze Date:/
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The following sets edit modes for GNU EMACS
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