mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
66 lines
2.6 KiB
XML
66 lines
2.6 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
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%general-entities;
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]>
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<sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
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<title>Creating Directories</title>
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<para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
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standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
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mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
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install -dv -m 0750 /root
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install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir -v /usr/libexec
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mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
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case $(uname -m) in
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x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64
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ln -sv lib /usr/lib64
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ln -sv lib /usr/local/lib64 ;;
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esac
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mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
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ln -sv /run /var/run
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ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
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mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
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this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
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changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
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class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
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the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
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same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
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second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
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another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
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<quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
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<para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
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(FHS) (available at <ulink
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url="https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/FHS"/>). The FHS also stipulates
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the optional existence some directories such as <filename
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class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
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class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
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directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these
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directories. </para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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