mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
687 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
687 lines
23 KiB
Plaintext
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
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<article id="index">
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<artheader>
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<title>GNU/Linux Post-Installation Checklist</title>
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<subtitle>Defying Murphy's Laws</subtitle>
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<author>
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<firstname></firstname>
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<surname></surname>
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<affiliation>
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<orgname>
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<ulink url="http://members.tripod.com/~algolog/index.htm">Algologic Research & Solutions</ulink>
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</orgname>
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<address>
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<email>algolog (at) hd1.vsnl.net.in</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<revhistory>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
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<date>2001-06-12</date>
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<authorinitials></authorinitials>
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<revremark>
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Initial release using docbook sgml.
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</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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This document provides a checklist for steps you should take
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immediately after installing GNU/Linux. These steps will save you
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a lot of bother if you encounter any problems later on. This
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document also includes a shell script for automating the post
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installation process.
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</para>
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</abstract>
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</artheader>
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<!-- SECTION 1.0 INTRO -->
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<sect1 id="intro"><title>Introduction</title>
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<para>
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You have just completed installing your own Linux system. You
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have just made an upgrade to your existing Linux system. You are
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happy with the first few checkouts and usage experience. You
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want to make sure you will enjoy this system in spite of any
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damage which may occur later because of any unexpected "faux
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pas".
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</para>
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<para>
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It is a good idea to keep a snapshot of the new system, so that
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you can be assured that in the event of any misfortune with your
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Linux installation, you can always recover without any permanent
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damage. This checklist will help you with precautionary steps
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you must take, as soon as you complete installation of Linux. It
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is a sequel to the <ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/Pre-Installation-Checklist/">GNU/Linux
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pre-installation checklist</ulink>, and a companion to the official
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO/">Linux Installation HOWTO</ulink>.
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This checklist also contains a <xref linkend="shellscript"> which will
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automate the process of making a snapshot of your system.
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</para>
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<sect2 id="copyright"><title>Copyright Information</title>
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<para>
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This document is copyrighted (c) 2001
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<ulink url="http://members.tripod.com/~algolog/index.htm">Algologic Research & Solutions</ulink>
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and is distributed under the terms of the Linux Documentation Project
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(LDP) license, stated below.
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</para>
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<para>
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Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are
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copyrighted by their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may
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be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium
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physical or electronic, as long as this copyright notice is
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retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed and
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encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any
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such distributions.
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</para>
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<para>
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All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works
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incorporating any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this
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copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative work
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from a HOWTO and impose additional restrictions on its
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distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under
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certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at
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the address given below.
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</para>
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<para>
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In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this
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information through as many channels as possible. However, we do
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wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO documents, and would like to
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be notified of any plans to redistribute the HOWTOs.
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</para>
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<para>
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If you have any questions, please contact
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<email>linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu</email>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="disclaimer"><title>Disclaimer</title>
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<para>
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No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted.
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Use the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk.
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As this is a new edition of this document, there may be errors
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and inaccuracies, that may of course be damaging to your system.
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Proceed with caution, and although this is highly unlikely,
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the author(s) do not take any responsibility for that.
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</para>
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<para>
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All copyrights are held by their respective owners, unless
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specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
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should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark
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or service mark.
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</para>
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<para>
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Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen
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as endorsements.
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</para>
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<para>
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You are strongly recommended to make a backup of your system
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before major installation and continue to do so at regular intervals.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="feedback"><title>Feedback</title>
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<para>
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This document and the <xref linkend="shellscript"> are
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continuously updated. Make sure you are referring to the
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latest version of this document, by visiting the
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<ulink url="http://algolog.tripod.com/postlnx.htm">Linux
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post-install site</ulink> frequently.
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Email <email>algolog@hd1.vsnl.net.in</email> with your
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feedback and suggestions.
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</para>
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<note><title>Note</title>
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<para>
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We do NOT answer general queries on Linux. If you want
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professional (PAID) help with Linux -- <ulink url="http://algolog.tripod.com/tools.htm#linux">ask Algologic</ulink>. You may
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also visit our home page : <ulink url="http://algolog.tripod.com/">Algologic Research & Solutions</ulink>.
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</para>
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</note>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="steps"><title>Post-Installation Steps</title>
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<para>
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To enjoy your new Linux installation forever without any worries, it is
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important to take a few simple precautions. You must do these as soon
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as you complete installing Linux on your machine for the first time.
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</para>
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<orderedlist numeration="arabic">
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<listitem><para>Create a
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Bootdisk-HOWTO/">boot
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diskette</ulink> and a <emphasis>rescue diskette</emphasis>.
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Utilities for creating these diskettes are available along with
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your Linux distribution.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>If you are the paranoid type (like me), you
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can make two copies of each of these diskettes. Diskettes are
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notorious for failing when they are most needed.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>Test out your boot diskette</emphasis>.
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Make sure you can boot into Linux using the boot diskette. Remember
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Murphy's Laws may strike at you just when you least expect.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Checkout thoroughly your new system. Try all major packages.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Try out the X windows system, and the desktop, and
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the windows manager, if you have installed these.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Try out the connection to your LAN, and to the Internet.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Create at least one "non-root" account, for
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testing and debugging your installation. Perform ALL the above
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checkouts once again, using the non-root account you created.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Join a local Linux Users Group (LUG). You must
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxlinks.com/UserGroups/">
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find out if there is a LUG close by</ulink>. If there is none, start an
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informal LUG yourself, in your neighbourhood, your campus, your city,
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or your town.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>Join one or more
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<ulink url="http://oslab.snu.ac.kr/~djshin/linux/mail-list/index.shtml">mailing
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lists for Linux</ulink> updates and news. There are literally hundreds of
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them.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para> Register yourself and your machine in the worldwide
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<ulink url="http://counter.li.org/">Linux Users Counter</ulink>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para><emphasis>And finally...</emphasis>Download the
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<xref linkend="shellscript"> and run it. Make a safe copy (on a removable
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medium) of the directory: <filename>/root/postinfo</filename> which
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the script will create. You may also like to make a printout of the
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summary report <filename>/root/postinfo/summary</filename> created by
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the shell script.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>You must run this shell script: as soon as you have
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installed Linux for the first time, and after every major revision or
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upgrade to your Linux system. You can also set up the script as a
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cron job, so that it runs itself periodically and automatically. This
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will avoid you a lost of hassles later, in case something gets messed
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up later.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</orderedlist>
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</sect1>
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<sect1 id="shellscript"><title>Shell script</title>
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<para>
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The shell script (shivalik Ver. 1.0) is a convenient way to make
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backups of essential files and information. After downloading the
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script:
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Make sure that you have logged in as "root"
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Save the script in a directory with "root" permissions,
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say <filename>/root/myscript</filename>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Change to that directory i.e. <command>cd /root/myscript</command>
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use gunzip to unzip the script i.e <command>gunzip ./shivalik.gz</command>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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<note><title>IMPORTANT</title><para>
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You must read the warning given at the end of the
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script. Proceed with the next steps, only if you agree to the
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conditions specified in the warning...
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</para></note>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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To execute the script: You must make the script executable (by root
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only) <command>chmod 700 ./shivalik</command>
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Verify that the paths of the various files which are to be saved, are
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correct and conform to your installation.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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You can execute the script correctly only if you are "root" (many
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of the files being saved need root permissions).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<para>
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Now you can execute (run) the above script (remember you must be
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"root", to do this) -- type <command>./shivalik</command>
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</para>
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<para>
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The script is profusely documented. It does not modify (or
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delete) any of your files or directories. It creates a
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well-protected backup of some essential files and information.
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The entire script is available for you to browse and understand
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its working. Feel free to go through the script and add any
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additional features, or files which you wish to be backed up.
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You may also send your feedback to the author of this
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script (<email>algolog@hd1.vsnl.net.in</email>).
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</para>
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<para>
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Remember, the <command>shivalik</command> script is not a tool
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for complete backup and recovery. Ideally, the best thing to do
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would be to make a verbatim copy of your entire Linux
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installation along with all files and directories. This is not
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always possible, necessary, or advisable. The next best thing
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would be to take a backup of the most essential information and
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files. The <command>shivalik</command> script achieves this for
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you. The script creates a directory called
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<filename>/root/postinfo/</filename>, and stores all essential
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information (and files) there. To be absolutely prepared for any
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eventuality, you must copy the entire
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<filename>/root/postinfo/</filename> on a removable medium, as
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soon as the script is executed.
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</para>
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<para><emphasis>Recovery and Repair:</emphasis> In the
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event of any problems later, you can reconstruct the
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damaged files by copying the files you have backed up in the
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<filename>/root/postinfo/</filename> directory. It is as simple
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as that.
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</para>
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<para>
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The structure of the <filename>/root/postinfo/</filename> directory,
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and files found within, will be as follows:
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/summary</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Contains a summary report of the status of your system (memory,
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partitions, mount points, disk usage). This file also has the list of
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files which have been saved. It also contains admin info like date
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and time of backup, shivalik version number etc.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/postinfo.tar.gz</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Contains a copy of the earlier postinfo (if any). This is a fall
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back to a fall back!
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/snapshot.gz</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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Contains a gzipped structured listing of <emphasis>ALL</emphasis>
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files and directories of your Linux system (the directories "tree").
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You can unzip this file and use any plain text editor to know the
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location of any file. Of course, you cannot retrieve the contents of
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that file unless you had saved it explicitly elsewhere.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/shivalik</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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This is a copy of the shivalik script which was used for making the
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post install backup. At the time of recovery after an incident, you
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can always examine this script to know how the backup was done
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earlier. You will always have a consistent copy of the script and the
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files created by the script.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/etcfiles/</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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This <emphasis>subdirectory</emphasis> contains a copy of many
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essential files from the <filename>/etc/</filename> directory of your
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Linux installation. It also contains copies of the various
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configuration files stored in the <filename>/etc/</filename>
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directory.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/root/postinfo/otherfiles/</filename></term>
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<listitem><para>
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This <emphasis>subdirectory</emphasis> contains a copy of some
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essential files (those which are not in the
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<filename>/etc/</filename> directory) of your Linux installation. If
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you want, you can add any other files here, and get it saved
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automatically with others.
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</para></listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<sect2 id="script"><title>The script...</title>
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<para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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#-----------------------------------------------
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# shivalik \(Ver. 1.0\)
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#Please read the WARNING section of this script first
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#This script collects post installation information
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#this can also be run occasionally to collect all useful
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#information about your Linux installation, in one place
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#The output will be written to /root/postinfo/
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#a summary report will be written in /root/postinfo/summary
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#For usage and related information, please consult:
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#http://algolog.tripod.com/postlnx.htm
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# ----------------------------------------------
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clear
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echo
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echo "-----------------------------------------------------------"
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echo This is the output of Partha\'s shivalik script \(Ver.1.0\)
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echo You must be \"root\", for this script to work correctly
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echo You must also read and accept the terms and warnings given
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echo in the WARNINGS section of this script
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echo "-----------------------------------------------------------"
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echo
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echo "### STEP 0 ### Preparation work"
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echo First we create the /root/postinfo/ directory if does not exist already
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test ! -d /root/postinfo && mkdir /root/postinfo
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echo Saving current version of all postinfo files
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echo But first we delete the earlier version i.e. current-1 version
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test -e /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo* && rm /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo.tar.gz
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#the oldpostinfo file is made temporarily in /root
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#it will be moved to /root/postinfo
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tar -zcvf /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz /root/postinfo/*
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#check if above tar succeeded
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if
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test -s /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz
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then
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echo old postinfo saved in /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz
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ls -l /root/oldpostinfo*
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else
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echo Could not save oldpostinfo
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echo Abandoning shivalik script
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exit
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fi
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#now delete all the current postinfofiles
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rm -rf /root/postinfo/*
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#and start a new summary file
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echo shivalik \(Ver. 1.0\) > /root/postinfo/summary
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echo -n "Report created on: " >> /root/postinfo/summary
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date -R >> /root/postinfo/summary
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echo And now, move the oldpostinfo file to /root/postinfo/ directory
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mv /root/oldpostinfo.tar.gz /root/postinfo
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#
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#copy the shivalik script
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echo charity begins at home
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echo We make a copy of the shivalik script
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echo We make a copy of the shivalik script >> /root/postinfo/summary
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echo in /root/postinfo/ >> /root/postinfo/summary
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cp ./shivalik /root/postinfo/shivalik
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#taking stock
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echo
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echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of STEP-0
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ls -AlR /root/postinfo
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echo End of "### STEP 0 ###
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echo
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#
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#
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echo
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echo "### STEP 1 ### Make a snapshot of the system"
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echo >> /root/postinfo/summary
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echo "### STEP 1 ### A snapshot of all the files and directories" >> /root/postinfo/summary
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echo The first step is to take stock of your computer contents
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echo This is going to take several minutes
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echo So, go and fetch your coffee mug !
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ls -AlRH / >> /root/postinfo/snapshot
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rm -f /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz
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gzip /root/postinfo/snapshot
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echo snapshot created
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echo An exhaustive listing of all files has been made and >> /root/postinfo/summary
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echo stored in /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz >> /root/postinfo/summary
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ls -l /root/postinfo/snapshot.gz >> /root/postinfo/summary
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# taking stock at the end of this step
|
|
echo
|
|
echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP
|
|
ls -l /root/postinfo
|
|
echo End of "### STEP 1 ###
|
|
echo
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
echo
|
|
|
|
echo "### STEP 2 ### Vital statistics"
|
|
echo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo "### STEP 2 ### Vital statistics" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo Collecting vital statistics
|
|
|
|
echo .....about memory
|
|
echo "---- cat /proc/meminfo ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
cat /proc/meminfo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo .....about partitions and mountpoints
|
|
echo "---- cat /proc/partitions---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
cat /proc/partitions >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo .....about diskspace used
|
|
echo "---- df ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
df >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo .....about modules
|
|
echo "---- cat /proc/modules ---------" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
cat /proc/modules >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
# taking stock at the end of this step
|
|
|
|
echo
|
|
echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of STEP-2
|
|
ls -AlR /root/postinfo
|
|
echo End of "### STEP 2 ###
|
|
echo
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "### STEP 3 ### Now we save some important files from /etc "
|
|
echo This section may need some customising, depending on the
|
|
echo installation you have done, and the distribution you have used,
|
|
echo and the options you have chosen during installation.
|
|
|
|
echo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo "### STEP 3 ### Now we save some important files from /etc" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
test ! -d /root/postinfo/etcfiles && mkdir /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving XF86Config -- your XWindows config file
|
|
cp /etc/XF86Config /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/XF86Config /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving /etc/fstab file
|
|
cp /etc/fstab /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/fstab /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving /etc/profile file
|
|
cp /etc/profile /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/profile /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving /etc/profile.local file
|
|
cp /etc/profile.local /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/profile.local /root/postinfo/" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo ".... saving /etc/*conf files"
|
|
cp /etc/*conf /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
|
|
echo ".... saving /etc/*config files"
|
|
cp /etc/*config /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
|
|
echo the following files from /etc have been copied to /root/postinfo/etcfiles >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo "/etc/*conf" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo "/etc/*config" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
# taking stock at the end of this step
|
|
echo
|
|
echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-3
|
|
ls -AlR /root/postinfo
|
|
echo End of "### STEP 3 ###
|
|
echo
|
|
#
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "### STEP 4 ### Now we save some other important files"
|
|
echo This section may need some customising, depending on the
|
|
echo installation you have done, and the distribution you have used,
|
|
echo and the options you have chosen for the installation
|
|
echo The following stuff is designed for SuSe 7.1
|
|
|
|
echo "### STEP 4 ### Now we save some other important files" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo in /root/postinfo/otherfiles >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo You can add any other files to backed up, here
|
|
test ! -d /root/postinfo/otherfiles && mkdir /root/postinfo/otherfiles
|
|
ls -l /root/postinfo/
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving /etc/init.d/boot.local --
|
|
cp /etc/init.d/boot.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/init.d/boot.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo ..... saving /etc/init.d/halt.local --
|
|
cp /etc/init.d/halt.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles
|
|
echo "cp /etc/init.d/halt.local /root/postinfo/otherfiles" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
# taking stock at the end of this step
|
|
echo
|
|
echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-4
|
|
ls -AlR /root/postinfo
|
|
echo End of "### STEP 4 ###
|
|
echo
|
|
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "### STEP 999 ### Wrap up, clean up"
|
|
echo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
echo "### STEP 999 ### Wrap up, clean up, sum up" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo summing up, cleaning up
|
|
# for security reasons we make /root/postinfo inaccessible to
|
|
# and invisible to non-root
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo/etcfiles
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo/otherfiles
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo/*
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo/etcfiles/*
|
|
chmod 700 /root/postinfo/otherfiles/*
|
|
echo This is the contents of /root/postinfo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
ls -AlR /root/postinfo >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo "###### THE END #####" >> /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# taking stock at the end of this step
|
|
echo
|
|
echo Contents of /root/postinfo at the end of this STEP-999
|
|
ls -AlR /root/postinfo
|
|
echo End of "### STEP 999 ###"
|
|
echo
|
|
echo "###### THE END #####"
|
|
echo IMPORTANT: You must now copy all the files in /root/postinfo
|
|
echo to a safe location, preferably on a different drive or on
|
|
echo a removable backup medium.
|
|
echo " "
|
|
echo You will find a summary report of this procedure, in
|
|
echo /root/postinfo/summary
|
|
echo You will find the earlier version of summary \(if any\)
|
|
echo inside /root/postinfo/oldpostinfo.tar.gz
|
|
echo " "
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
echo "
|
|
#---------------------------------------------------------
|
|
# WARNING WARNING WARNING
|
|
# shivalik (ver. 1.0)
|
|
# This script is being made accessible to you without any
|
|
# warranties or assurances about its performance or
|
|
# usability for any purpose. Be informed that you are using
|
|
# this script out of your own initiative and willingness,
|
|
# and at your own risk and peril.
|
|
# You will find the latest version of this script, and related
|
|
# information at: http://algolog.tripod.com/postlnx.htm
|
|
# Copyrights and all rights reserved by:
|
|
# Dr. S. Parthasarathy (algolog@hd1.vsnl.net.in)
|
|
#--------------------------------------------------------
|
|
"
|
|
]]>
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
</article>
|
|
|