mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
620 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
620 lines
20 KiB
Plaintext
<!doctype linuxdoc system>
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<!-- LinuxDoc file was created by hand by <Dan Kuykendall> Wed April 23 -->
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<article>
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<title>
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Qmail VMailMgr and Courier-Imap HOWTO
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</title>
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<author>
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Dan Kuykendall <dan@kuykendall.org>
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</author>
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<date>
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v1.4, 23 April 2000
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</date>
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<abstract>
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This document is about building a mail server that will
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support virtual domain hosting and provide smtp, pop3 and imap services,
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using a powerful alternative to sendmail.
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</abstract>
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<toc>
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<sect>Introduction<label id="Introduction" >
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<p>
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Before you start reading: I am not a native speaker, so there are
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probably spelling/grammatical errors in this document. Feel encouraged
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to inform me of mistakes.
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</p>
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<sect1>What is Qmail and why should I use it?<label id="WhatisQmail" >
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<p>
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Here is the authors (Dan Bernstein) blurb:
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Qmail is a secure, reliable, efficient, simple message transfer agent.
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It is meant as a replacement for the entire sendmail-binmail system on
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typical Internet-connected UNIX hosts.
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Secure: Security isn't just a goal, but an absolute requirement. Mail
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delivery is critical for users; it cannot be turned off, so it must be
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completely secure. (This is why I started writing qmail: I was sick of
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the security holes in sendmail and other MTAs.)
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Reliable: qmail's straight-paper-path philosophy guarantees that a
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message, once accepted into the system, will never be lost. qmail also
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supports maildir, a new, super-reliable user mailbox format. Maildirs,
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unlike mbox files and mh folders, won't be corrupted if the system
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crashes during delivery. Even better, not only can a user safely read
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his mail over NFS, but any number of NFS clients can deliver mail to
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him at the same time.
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Efficient: On a Pentium under BSD/OS, qmail can easily sustain 200000
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local messages per day---that's separate messages injected and
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delivered to mailboxes in a real test! Although remote deliveries are
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inherently limited by the slowness of DNS and SMTP, qmail overlaps 20
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simultaneous deliveries by default, so it zooms quickly through
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mailing lists. (This is why I finished qmail: I had to get a big
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mailing list set up.)
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Simple: qmail is vastly smaller than any other Internet MTA. Some
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reasons why: (1) Other MTAs have separate forwarding, aliasing, and
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mailing list mechanisms. qmail has one simple forwarding mechanism
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that lets users handle their own mailing lists. (2) Other MTAs offer a
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spectrum of delivery modes, from fast+unsafe to slow+queued. qmail-
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send is instantly triggered by new items in the queue, so the qmail
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system has just one delivery mode: fast+queued. (3) Other MTAs
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include, in effect, a specialized version of inetd that watches the
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load average. qmail's design inherently limits the machine load, so
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qmail-smtpd can safely run from your system's inetd.
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Replacement for sendmail: qmail supports host and user masquerading,
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full host hiding, virtual domains, null clients, list-owner rewriting,
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relay control, double-bounce recording, arbitrary RFC 822 address
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lists, cross-host mailing list loop detection, per-recipient
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checkpointing, downed host backoffs, independent message retry
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schedules, etc. In short, it's up to speed on modern MTA features.
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qmail also includes a drop-in ``sendmail'' wrapper so that it will be
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used transparently by your current UAs.
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</p>
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<sect1>What is VMailMgr and why should I use it?<label id="WhatisVMailMgr" >
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<p>
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VMailMgr is:<p>
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A password checking interface between qmail-popup and qmail-pop3d which
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replaces the usual checkpassword, as well as an authentication module
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for Courier IMAP, that provide access to the virtual mailboxes by one of
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three methods:
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<itemize>
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<item> IP-based virtual server access (invisible to the POP3 user)
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<item> username-based access (username-virtualuser)
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<item> hostname-based access (virtualuser@virtual.host or virtualuser:virtual.host)
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</itemize>
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You should use it if:<p>
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You prefer to have the users manage their own domains email accounts,
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and store their email in their own home dir.
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(This makes setting up disk space quotas much easier)
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</p>
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<sect1>What is Courier-imap and why should I use it?<label id="WhatisCourier" >
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<p>
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Courier-IMAP is:<p>
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A server that provides IMAP access to Maildir mailboxes. This IMAP server
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does NOT handle traditional mailbox files (/var/spool/mail, and derivatives),
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it was written for the specific purpose of providing IMAP access to Maildirs.
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You should use it because:<p>
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By default Qmail uses the newer more efficient Maildir format for storing email,
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and Courier-imap is the only imap server I am aware of that supports Maildir.
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So in short, if you use Qmail, and want imap support, you have to use it.
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</p>
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<sect1>Description of the components
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<p>
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The email system you hopefully will get after having read this HOWTO is
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composed of several parts, the patched Qmail rpms are key to using this
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document. I recommend using the software versions I tried, they will
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probably compile without many problems and result in a fairly stable
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daemon. If you are courageous, you can try to compile all the
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latest-stuff-with-tons-of-new-features, but don't blame me if something
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fails ;-). However, you may report other working configurations to be
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included in future versions of this document. All of the steps were tested
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on a RedHat Linux 6.2 box, so the HOWTO is somewhat specific, but you should
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be able to use it for other linux distributions as well.
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<p>
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You do not necessarily have to install in all components. I tried to
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structure this HOWTO so that you can skip the parts you are not
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interested in.
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<p>
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The document is neither a user manual to Qmail, VMailMgr nor
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Courier-imap. Its prime intention is to save email admins some
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headaches when installing their server and to do my little
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contribution to the linux community.
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</p>
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<sect1>Working configurations
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<p>
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Though this document is new, I am pretty confident that it can help you
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get your email system up and running.
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Combinations that work for me are:
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<itemize>
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<item> RedHat 6.2, Linux 2.2.14, Qmail 1.03+patches-12, VMailMgr 0.96.6, Courier-imap 0.31
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<item> Mandrake 7.0, Linux 2.2.13, Qmail 1.03+patches-12, VMailMgr 0.96.6, Courier-imap 0.31
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</itemize>
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<sect1>History<label id="History" >
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<p>
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This document was started on April 18, 2000 by Dan Kuykendall after several installs of Qmail and VMailMgr.
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Then even more setups when Courier-imap support was ready.
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</p>
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<sect1>New versions
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<p>
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The newest version of this can be found on my homepage <url url="http://www.clearrivertech.com/linux/HOWTO"> as SGML source, as HTML and as TEXT.
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Other versions may be found in different formats at the LDP homepage <url url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/">.
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</p>
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<sect1>Comments
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<p>
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Comments on this HOWTO may be directed to the author Dan Kuykendall (<url url="mailto:dan@kuykendall.org" name="dan@kuykendall.org">).
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</p>
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<sect1>Version History
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<p>
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v0.1 (April 18, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Preview version, wasn't in HOWTO format.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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v1.0 (April 18, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Minor corrections.
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<item>Added details and put into HOWTO format.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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v1.1 (April 19, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Minor corrections.
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<item>Restructured RPM install step.
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<item>Added source compile and install steps.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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v1.2 (April 19, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Minor corrections.
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<item>Fixed source compile locations and install steps.
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<item>Added source compile and install steps.
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</itemize>
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<p>
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v1.3 (April 19, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Minor corrections.
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<item>Built proper SGML version.
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</itemize>
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</p>
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<p>
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v1.4 (April 23, 2000)
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</p>
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<p>
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<itemize>
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<item>Updated the Courier-IMAP setup information for new VMailMgr version.
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<item>Switched the license to the GNU FDL.
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<item>Other minor additions and corrections.
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</itemize>
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</p>
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<sect1>Copyrights and Trademarks
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<p>
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Copyright (c) Dan Kuykendall.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
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under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation
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</p>
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<p>
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A copy of the license is available at
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<url url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.txt" name="GNU Free Documentation License">.
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</p>
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<sect1>Acknowledgements and Thanks
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<p>
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Thanks to everyone that gave comments as I was writing this. This includes
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Bruce Guenter and other members of the vmailmgr-discuss list.
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</p>
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<sect>Component installation
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<sect1>Preparations
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<p>
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You have two options
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<itemize>
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<item> Get and compile source rpms.
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This has the benefit of being able to review the source before compiling,
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and compiling for your specific setup.
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<item> Or simply get the binary rpms.
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This has the benefit of simplicity, and not having to worry about having the
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necessary libraries installed.
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</itemize>
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I recommend using Bruce Guenter's rpm releases, since they are well patched, and
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its what I used for building my systems.
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</p>
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<sect2>Get source rpms
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<p>
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You will need:
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<itemize>
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<item> ucspi-tcp-0.88-1.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/rpms/ucspi-tcp/">
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<item> daemontools-0.70-1.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/rpms/daemontools/">
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<item> supervise-scripts-2.4-1.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/supervise-scripts/">
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<item> qmail-1.03+patches-12.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/qmail+patches/">
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<item> vmailmgr-0.96.6-1.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/vmailmgr/">
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<item> courier-imap-0.31.tar.gz - <url url="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/">
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</itemize>
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For Courier-imap you must build the source rpm from the tar
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file (instructions will follow).
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</p>
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<sect2>Get binary rpms
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<p>
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Qmail does not come in binary form. Such packages are explicitly disallowed by
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the author of Qmail, and frustrating as it may be, I understand his reasoning.
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<p>
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Courier-imap does not come in binary form, unless you want to use the one
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I built. If you want mine, email me, and I will send it.
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<p>
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VMailMgr does not come in binary form that supports Courier-imap, unless you
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want to use the one I built. If you want mine, email me, and I will send it.
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<itemize>
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<item> ucspi-tcp-0.88-1.i386.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/rpms/ucspi-tcp/">
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<item> daemontools-0.70-1.i386.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/rpms/daemontools/">
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<item> supervise-scripts-2.4-1.i386.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/supervise-scripts/">
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<item> qmail-1.03+patches-12.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/qmail+patches/">
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<item> vmailmgr-0.96.6-1.src.rpm - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/vmailmgr/">
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<item> courier-imap-0.31.tar.gz - <url url="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/">
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</itemize>
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For Courier-imap you must build the binary rpm from the tar
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file (instructions will follow) or email me for my binary rpm.
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</p>
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<sect2>Get tarred sources (for non-RPM users)
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<p>
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If your system does not have, or you do not use RPMS, you can install from source.
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<itemize>
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<item> ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz - <url url="http://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp/ucspi-tcp-0.88.tar.gz">
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<item> daemontools-0.70.tar.gz - <url url="http://cr.yp.to/daemontools/daemontools-0.70.tar.gz">
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<item> supervise-scripts-2.4.tar.gz - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/supervise-scripts/">
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<item> qmail-1.03.tar.gz - <url url="http://cr.yp.to/software/qmail-1.03.tar.gz"> (*)
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<item> vmailmgr-0.96.6.tar.gz - <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/vmailmgr/">
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<item> courier-imap-0.31.tar.gz - <url url="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/">
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</itemize>
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<tscreen>
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(*) There may be minor differences in these instructions due to the use of the standard
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Qmail package. Please review the documentation for Qmail and VMailMgr if any of
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the files deviates from my instructions.
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</tscreen>
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</p>
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<sect1>Install support packages
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<sect2>Install with RPMS
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<sect3>Compiling SRC.RPM's
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<p>
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Simply run the following command for each package
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<verb>rpm --rebuild <package.src.rpm></verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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rpm --rebuild ucspi-tcp-0.88-1.src.rpm
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rpm --rebuild daemontools-0.70-1.src.rpm
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rpm --rebuild supervise-scripts-2.4-1.src.rpm
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</code>
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</p>
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<sect3>Installing RPM's
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<p>
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If you compiled the source rpms, the binaries will be located
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in <tt>/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/</tt> or something similar.
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Simply run the following command for each package
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<verb>rpm -ivh <location>/<package.i386.rpm></verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/ucspi-tcp-0.88-1.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/daemontools-0.70-1.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/supervise-scripts-2.4-1.i386.rpm
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</code>
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</p>
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<sect2>Install with source
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<p>
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Run the following commands for each package
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<verb>
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(As non-root user)
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tar zxf <package.tar.gz>
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cd <newly created dir>
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./configure
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make
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(As root)
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make setup check (for ucspi-tcp and daemontools)
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or
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make install (for supervise-scripts)
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</verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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(As non-root user)
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tar zxf supervise-scripts-2.4.tar.gz
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cd supervise-scripts-2.4
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./configure
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make
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(As root)
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make setup check or make install
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</code>
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</p>
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<sect1>Install Qmail
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<sect2> Install with RPMS
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<p>
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<sect3>Compiling SRC.RPM's
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<p>
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Simply run the following command
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<verb>rpm --rebuild <package.src.rpm></verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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rpm --rebuild qmail-1.03+patches-12.src.rpm
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</code>
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<sect3>
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Installing RPM's
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<p>
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After compiling the source rpms, the binaries will be located
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in <tt>/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/</tt> or something similar.
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Simply run the following command for each package
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<verb>rpm -ivh <location>/<package.i386.rpm></verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/qmail-1.03+patches-12.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/qmail-pop3d-1.03+patches-12.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/qmail-qmqpd-1.03+patches-12.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/qmail-qmtpd-1.03+patches-12.i386.rpm
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rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/qmail-smtpd-1.03+patches-12.i386.rpm
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</code>
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<verb>
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* note start *
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- Remove sendmail and any dependant applications prior to installing Qmail
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- by running the following command for each package
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- rpm -e <packagename>*
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-
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- On my system I had to remove sendmail, so I typed
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- rpm -e sendmail
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* note end *
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</verb>
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</p>
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<sect2>Install with source
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<p>
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As of this writing Bruce Guenter has not released a tar.gz package of
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his patched qmail. So until Bruce does this, I am having you download the
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standard Qmail package, and forcing you to read the included INSTALL file.
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<p>
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Installing the standard build may cause minor differnces in the config, one
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example that comes to mind is that the init scripts are named differently.
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This should not cause too much confusion, I just want you to be aware.
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<p>
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Run the following command
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<verb>
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(As non-root user)
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tar zxf <package.tar.gz>
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cd <newly created dir>
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(Now read the INSTALL file and follow the steps to install Qmail)
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</verb>
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-Example-
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<code>
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(As non-root user)
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tar zxf qmail-1.03.tar.gz
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cd qmail-1.03
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vi INSTALL (Read and follow steps)
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</code>
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</p>
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<sect1>Install Courier-imap
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<sect2>Install with RPMS
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<sect3>Compiling SRC.RPM's
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<p>
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Build the courier-imap rpms from the tar file
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<tt>rpm -ta courier-imap-0.31.tar.gz</tt>
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<verb>
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* note start *
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- This errors out if you compile as root, but if your not root you
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- wont have permissions to /usr/src/redhat. You will want to build as a
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- non-root user, so create a ".rpmmacros" file (for rpm v3 and later) in
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- your home directory containing the line "%_topdir /path/to/home/redhat".
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- Then create your own "redhat" directory containing all the subdirs that
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- /usr/src/redhat contains.
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- You should never build RPMs as root unless you have to.
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* note end *
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</verb>
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* I will mention again, that I have built the binaries, and if you email me *
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* at dan@kuykendall.org, I will email them back to you. *
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<sect3>Installing RPM's
|
|
<p>
|
|
After compiling the source rpms, the binary will be located
|
|
in <tt>/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/</tt> or something similar.
|
|
|
|
Simply run the following command for each package
|
|
<verb>
|
|
rpm -ivh <location>/<package.i386.rpm>
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
-Example-
|
|
<code>
|
|
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/courier-imap-0.31-1.i386.rpm
|
|
</code>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>Install with source
|
|
<p>
|
|
Run the following command
|
|
<verb>
|
|
(As non-root user)
|
|
tar zxf <package.tar.gz>
|
|
cd <newly created dir>
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
(As root)
|
|
make install
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
-Example-
|
|
<code>
|
|
(As non-root user)
|
|
tar zxf courier-imap-0.31.tar.gz
|
|
cd courier-imap-0.31
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
(As root)
|
|
make install
|
|
</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Install VMailMgr
|
|
<sect2>Install with RPMS
|
|
<sect3>Compiling SRC.RPM's
|
|
<p>
|
|
Simply run the following command
|
|
<verb>rpm --rebuild <package.src.rpm></verb>
|
|
-Example-
|
|
<code>
|
|
rpm --rebuild vmailmgr-0.96.6-1.src.rpm
|
|
</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect3>Installing RPM's
|
|
<p>
|
|
If you compiled the source rpm, the binaries will be located
|
|
in <tt>/usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/</tt> or something similar.
|
|
|
|
Simply run the following command for each package
|
|
<verb>rpm -ivh <location>/<package.i386.rpm></verb>
|
|
|
|
-Example-
|
|
<code>
|
|
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/vmailmgr-0.96.6-1.i386.rpm
|
|
rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/VMailMgr-daemon-0.96.6-1.i386.rpm
|
|
</code>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect2>Install with source
|
|
<p>
|
|
Run the following commands
|
|
<verb>
|
|
(As non-root user)
|
|
tar zxf <package.tar.gz>
|
|
cd <newly created dir>
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
(As root)
|
|
make install
|
|
</verb>
|
|
-Example-
|
|
<code>
|
|
(As non-root user)
|
|
tar zxf vmailmgr-0.96.6.tar.gz
|
|
cd vmailmgr-0.96.6
|
|
./configure
|
|
make
|
|
(As root)
|
|
make setup check or make install
|
|
</code>
|
|
That should do it.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect>Putting it all together
|
|
<sect1> Basic Qmail config
|
|
<p>
|
|
You will need to add your domains to the /var/qmail/control/virtualdomains
|
|
file in the following format as is normal with qmail and VMailMgr.
|
|
<verb>
|
|
domain1.com:user1
|
|
</verb>
|
|
For more detailed setup and config documentation visit the Qmail website
|
|
<url url="http://www.qmail.org"> and the VMailMgr website <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/VMailMgr/">
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Tell Qmail to use VMailMgr for authentication
|
|
<p>
|
|
By default qmail uses checkpassword for authentication, to tell Qmail
|
|
to use VMailMgr for authentication type the following command:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
echo checkvpw > /var/qmail/control/checkpassword
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
<sect1>Setup Courier-imap for VMailMgr
|
|
<p>
|
|
Copy the VMailMgr auth libs to courier's directory
|
|
|
|
<verb>
|
|
cp /usr/bin/authvmailmgr /usr/lib/courier-imap/libexec/authlib/
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
Edit <tt>/usr/lib/courier-imap/etc/imapd.config</tt>
|
|
and add authvmailmgr as the first entry in AUTHMODULES
|
|
<p>
|
|
For more detailed setup and config documentation visit the Courier-imap
|
|
website <url url="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/">
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Setup virtual domain with VMailMgr
|
|
<p>
|
|
With the user account that will be managing the domain go to their home dir
|
|
and type:
|
|
<verb>
|
|
vsetup
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
This will setup the users home dir with the necessary structure to handle
|
|
incoming email. You will probably want to create a email account by typing
|
|
|
|
<verb>
|
|
vadduser emailuser
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
For more detailed setup and config documentation visit the VMailMgr
|
|
website <url url="http://em.ca/~bruceg/VMailMgr/">
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Starting the daemons
|
|
<p>
|
|
Start Qmail daemons
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/qmail start
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/pop3d start
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/smtp start
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/qmqpd start (optional)
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/qmtpd start (optional)
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
Start VMailMgr daemon
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/vmailmgrd start
|
|
</verb>
|
|
|
|
Start Courier-imap damon
|
|
<verb>
|
|
/etc/rc.d/init.d/courier-imap start
|
|
</verb>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Some considerations left
|
|
<p>
|
|
Qmail and the Maildirs may cause some email apps that run locally to
|
|
not work. Visit the Qmail website <url url="http://www.qmail.org"> for details
|
|
on email apps that have been patched to work with Maildirs.
|
|
<p>
|
|
Courier-imap is not as widely used as Cyrus or UWash imap servers.
|
|
As such, you may suffer from minor incompatibilities. Courier-imap is
|
|
extremely well written, and tries to comply with the imap definition
|
|
even if it means some imap clients wont work well. For details visit
|
|
the Courier-imap website <url url="http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/">.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>Known bugs
|
|
<p>
|
|
None yet.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<sect1>The final word
|
|
<p>
|
|
Im tired, and wonder if anyone will ever use this, but I'm happy its done.
|
|
I'm sure if you have read this far your tired too. Well, all I can hope is
|
|
that you have Qmail, VMailMgr and Courier-imap working. If so, Enjoy!
|
|
If not, bummer!
|
|
<p>
|
|
O.K. readers, you're done for today. Feel free to send me your
|
|
feedback, eternal gratitude, flowers, ecash, cars, oil sources etc.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</article>
|