LDP/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.sgml

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<!doctype linuxdoc system>
<!-- Bienvenue dans le monde SGML -->
<!-- $Id$ -->
<article>
<titlepag>
<title> PLIP Install HOWTO
<author>Gilles Lamiral, <tt>lamiral@mail.dotcom.fr</tt>
<date>v1.22, 16 June 2000
<abstract>
This paper describes how to install a <bf>Gnu|Linux</bf>
distribution on a computer without Ethernet card, or CD-ROM, but
just a <bf>local floppy drive</bf> and a <bf>remote nfs server</bf>
attached by a <bf>Null-Modem parallel</bf> cable. The nfs server has
a <bf>cdrom drive</bf> mounted and exported.
<toc>
<p>You can find the latest release of the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html"
name="PLIP-Install-HOWTO">, by Gilles Lamiral, located at: <newline>
<tt>http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/PLIP-Install-HOWTO.html</tt>
<sect>Introduction
<p>
Writing a PLIP install HOWTO seems useless nowadays since Ethernet
cards are cheap: NE2000 cards cost about the same as a Null-Modem
cable. This is true for desktop computers, but not for laptop
computers, in which the PCMCIA card costs more than 10 times as much
the Null-Modem cable. Moreover, there is a parallel port on every
computer, but not always a network card.
Of course, this howto can be used to install Linux on every personal
computer without loss of generality.
This paper is just what I've done to install a <htmlurl
url="http://www.debian.org" name="Debian GNU/Linux"> distribution on
a Toshiba Port&eacute;g&eacute; 620CT laptop, from a NFS exported
cdrom drive, via a Null-Modem cable.
A Null-Modem cable is also called a LapLink cable but this word is
<htmlurl
url="http://www.marksonline.com/app/tmsearch/find_mark?tok=laplink"
name="trademarked"> by Traveling Software under the number 75466713
since 1986, so I won't use it anymore.
This HOWTO will be obsolete when every Linux distribution include a
PLIP install option. For example, the Debian installation only needs
to add two commands to make this HOWTO obsolete (ifconfig +
route). I hope one Debian maintainer will consider this point.
I would be happy to know if someone used the PLIP-Install-HOWTO
to install other Linux distributions from other network protocols
(ftp, http, nfs, samba, or even NT/Novell servers)
Feedback with typos, bad English, comments, money, job, joy, fears,
cries are welcome and recommended (not all with the same eagerness).
<!-- He who can do more can do less. -->
<sect>License
<p>
I put this documentation under the <url
url="http://www.opencontent.org/opl.shtml" name="OpenContent">
license. This means this document is given without any warranty. You
can use it, redistribute it, or modify it, by respecting the following
conditions: You have to clearly specify the nature and the content
of the modifications, their date and keep the opencontent license in
case of redistribution. If you sell it, you sell the medium, not the
content. This is a summary, read the license to get more details.
For those who can't read the license online, I give a textual copy:
<tscreen><verb>
OpenContent License (OPL)
Version 1.0, July 14, 1998.
This document outlines the principles underlying the OpenContent
(OC) movement and may be redistributed provided it remains
unaltered. For legal purposes, this document is the license under
which OpenContent is made available for use.
The original version of this document may be found at
http://www.opencontent.org/opl.shtml
LICENSE
Terms and Conditions for Copying, Distributing, and Modifying
Items other than copying, distributing, and modifying the Content
with which this license was distributed (such as using, etc.) are
outside the scope of this license.
1. You may copy and distribute exact replicas of the OpenContent
(OC) as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
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copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any
warranty; and give any other recipients of the OC a copy of this
License along with the OC. You may at your option charge a fee for
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OC for use off-line, you may at your option offer instructional
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offer warranty in exchange for a fee. You may not charge a fee for
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2. You may modify your copy or copies of the OpenContent or any
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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4. BECAUSE THE OPENCONTENT (OC) IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE
IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE OC, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
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SHOULD THE OC PROVE FAULTY, INACCURATE, OR OTHERWISE UNACCEPTABLE
YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
5. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
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POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
</verb></tscreen>
<sect>How did I write this howto ?
<p>
I wrote this paper during the installation process but since I
encountered several problems at the same time, my notes were
disparate and sometimes I forgot to write the good command lines
because I was too fed up to reboot (kernel compilations) and edit
this file each time.
When the installation went wrong (it did, I'm a beginner on laptops,
plip, linux nfs, portmapper, Debian), I tried several things to fix
the problems. When they remained too long, my brain was focused on
solving, not writing.
So, when the installation process finally succeeded, I decided to
restart the process from scratch by noting everything in order to
save <bf>your</bf> time. It was the first time I had installed Linux
twice on the same computer.
Then, in order to verify the document, I again restarted from
scratch with a Slink Debian distribution (the next after the Hamm
one). It was the first time I had installed Linux 3 times on the
same computer. I hope it was the last time I have to do that.
<bf>Conclusion</bf>: If you do what is in this paper, it should
work.
<sect>What do you need ?
<p>
<itemize>
<item> A Personal Computer, laptop or desktop, called the target
computer or simply <bf>target</bf>.
<p> <item> A 3 1/4" inch floppy drive on the <bf>target</bf>.
<p> <item> Two or three fresh floppies. They don't need to be
formatted. You also need one more DOS formatted floppy if you have
to play with <tt>FIPS</tt>.
<p><item> Another computer with a cdrom drive and nfs services,
called source computer or simply <bf>source</bf>. It doesn't have
to be a Linux system but just a system which can export a cdrom
drive via nfs. In this HOWTO, I assume it is a Linux system.
<p><item> A cdrom distribution. I took a Debian Hamm (2.0r3) from
an old Infomagic compilation. I think every distribution can be
installed this way, but I'm not sure. I've read a <htmlurl
name="French document"
url="http://www.linux-france.org/article/sys/Install-Plip/Install-Plip.html">,
written by Chmouel Boudjnah, saying the RedHat distribution has an
easy installation process. Chmouel's document also deals with the
Debian distribution, so if you read French, you can use Chmouel's
document instead of this one.
<p><item> A Null-Modem DB 25 cable. Is it the same as a serial
cable? You'll find the answer in the next release.
<p> <item> Some time: 3 hours.
<p><item> Coffee. 1 liter.
</itemize>
<sect>The documentation
<p>
I recommend these good readings in case you can't figure out how to
solve a problem. I've read them. You should too if you're curious or
conscientious.
Please, do not forget to consider the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/mirrors.html" name="LDP mirrors">,
listed at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/mirrors.html">
Most HOWTOs are translated in <htmlurl
url="http://metalab.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/translations/"
name="many languages">. Just go to the bottom of a mirror page and
follow the <bf><tt>translations/</tt></bf> link.
If you want to use Linux on a laptop, read the latest <htmlurl
url="http://www.snafu.de/~wehe/index_li.html" name="Laptop-HOWTO">,
by Werner Heuser, located at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.snafu.de/~wehe/index_li.html">.
If you haven't installed any distribution yet, carefully read the
<htmlurl url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.html"
name="Installation-HOWTO">, by Eric S. Raymond, located at:
<newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Installation-HOWTO.html" >. And
make more coffee :-)
If you need information about your cdrom drive, read the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html"
name="CDROM-HOWTO">, by Jeff Tranter, located at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/CDROM-HOWTO.html">.
If you haven't installed an nfs server yet, read the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO.html"
name="NFS-HOWTO">, by Nicolai Langfeldt, located at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NFS-HOWTO.html">.
If you need to compile a new kernel on the <bf>source</bf> box, read
the <htmlurl url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html"
name="Kernel-HOWTO">, by Brian Ward, located at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">.
If you are new to PLIP, read the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/PLIP.html" name="PLIP
MINI-HOWTO">, by Andrea Controzzi, located at: <newline> <url
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/PLIP.html">.
<!--
read the <htmlurl
url=""
name="">,
by ,
located at: <newline> <url
url="">.
-->
If you plan to make your Null-Modem cable yourself, a good reading
is the file <htmlurl
url="file:///usr/src/linux/Documentation/networking/PLIP.txt"
name="PLIP.txt">, by Donald Becker, located at:
<newline><tt>/usr/src/linux/Documentation/networking/PLIP.txt</tt>
<newline> on your <bf>source</bf> linux computer, Luke.
<sect>Conventions
<p>
The file contents and line commands and install screen-shots are
always in <tt>typewriter</tt> font, like this:
<verb>
#!/bin/bash
#############################################
#### This is the great file /bin/Windows ####
#############################################
while [ "1" ]; do
echo "I do my best because I'm the best"
echo "Very soon, next Y2Kill (the 01/01/0000)"
echo "A new marvelous 64 bit release !"
echo "Please wait a little more"
sleep 18446744073709551615 # 2^64-1
done
</verb>
or this:
<verb>
$ killall Windows
Terminated
</verb>
The file content lines should never begin with white space. You'll
have to remove them, if any. Sorry, I'm fed up with <tt>C-a
M-AltGr-\</tt> (remember, I'm a French azerty writer). Tab-emacs
reflex is untamable (coders who use Emacs always press the tabular
key like a twitch).
Command input lines begin with a dollar <tt>$</tt> (the prompt), you
don't have to type the dollar, just type the rest of the line; other
lines are the command output, you don't have to type them either.
Because all the configuration commands are important, you'll need
to use a system administrator shell, like root, on the
<bf>source</bf> and the <bf>target</bf> computers.
<verb>
$ su
Password: blabla
#
</verb>
graham says:
Why this "#"? Because this is for root's prompt. So, in the next
paragraph, say that you will use the '$' for the remainder of
this. See my comment below.
The prompt will be shown as "<tt>$</tt>" in the remainder of this
documentation "<tt>$</tt>", even if it should be "<tt>#</tt>". This
is because "<tt>#</tt>" often means comment, so it is ambiguous. I
don't like ambiguity in computer science.
<sect>Network parameters
<p>
We will make a plip point-to-point network with those IP
configuration:
<itemize>
<item> <bf>target</bf>: 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
<item> <bf>source</bf>: 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255
</itemize>
You should not already have those names in your name space:
<verb>
$ ping source
ping: unknown host source
$ ping target
ping: unknown host target
</verb>
You should not already have those IP addresses in your network space:
<verb>
$ ping 192.168.0.1
PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Network is unreachable
ping: wrote 192.168.0.1 64 chars, ret=-1
--- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
$ ping 192.168.0.2
PING 192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2): 56 data bytes
ping: sendto: Network is unreachable
ping: wrote 192.168.0.2 64 chars, ret=-1
--- 192.168.0.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
</verb>
If those commands don't give you errors, change the names or the
addresses.
You can choose other addresses, names or netmask (netmask must be the
same on both sides). In the rest of this document, I'll suppose you
choose these addresses and these names.
Add a line in <bf><tt>/etc/exports</tt></bf>
<verb>
#### file /etc/exports ####
...
/cdrom source(ro) target(ro)
#### EOF ####
</verb>
Because the portmaper tries to resolve IP addresses, add the IP
addresses and names in <bf><tt>/etc/hosts</tt></bf>
<verb>
#### file /etc/hosts ####
...
192.168.0.1 target
192.168.0.2 source
#### EOF ####
</verb>
Verify you have the item <bf><tt>files</tt></bf> for the
<bf><tt>hosts</tt></bf> search list in the file
<bf><tt>/etc/nsswitch.conf</tt></bf>
<verb>
#### file /etc/nsswitch.conf ####
...
hosts: files nis dns
...
#### EOF ####
</verb>
<sect>PLIP on the Source side
<p>
This section describes how to set up the <tt>plip</tt> interface in
the <bf>source</bf> server. If you run into trouble, I suggest that
you read the <htmlurl
url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/PLIP.html" name="PLIP
MINI-HOWTO">.
Check that your <tt>lp</tt> device is not set. You should
<bf>not</bf> have this entry:
<verb>
$ cat /proc/devices
Character devices:
...
6 lp
...
</verb>
If you do have it, kill the <tt>lpd</tt> daemon and remove the
<tt>lp</tt> module:
<verb>
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/lpd.init stop
Shutting down lpd: lpd
$ rmmod lp
</verb>
If you can't remove the <tt>lp</tt> module then you have to
recompile the <bf>kernel</bf> with <tt>lp</tt> service as a module.
Now, the "<tt>6 lp</tt>" line has disappeared from the
<tt>/proc/devices</tt> file, which is a reflection of the kernel
capabilities.
You are not obliged to eliminate the lp device : the scheme may work
with lp. Without guaranty (it works for me). Check it yourself.
Check that your parallel port is handled:
<verb>
$ ls /proc/parport/
0/
$ cat /proc/parport/0/hardware
base: 0x378
irq: 7
dma: none
modes: SPP,ECP,ECPEPP,ECPPS2
</verb>
If you don't have any directory under <tt>/proc/parport/</tt> then
you have to load the <tt>parport</tt> and <tt>parport_pc
modules</tt>:
<verb>
$ insmod parport
$ insmod parport_pc
</verb>
You should see this new entry in
<bf><tt>/var/log/messages</tt></bf>:
<verb>
Oct 9 20:50:47 louloutte kernel:
parport0: PC-style at 0x378 [SPP,ECP,ECPEPP,ECPPS2]
Oct 9 20:50:47 louloutte kernel:
parport0: detected irq 7;
use procfs to enable interrupt-driven operation.
</verb>
I repeat the message "detected <tt>irq 7</tt>, use procfs to enable
interrupt-driven operation", so:
<verb>
$ echo 7 > /proc/parport/0/irq
</verb>
Check that <tt>plip</tt> module is loaded:
<verb>
$ lsmod |grep plip
</verb>
If <tt>plip</tt> module is not loaded, then load it:
<verb>
$ insmod plip
</verb>
You should see something like this in <bf><tt>/var/log/messages</tt></bf>
<verb>
==> /var/log/messages <==
Oct 8 16:34:12 louloutte kernel:
NET3 PLIP version 2.3-parport gniibe@mri.co.jp
Oct 8 16:34:12 louloutte kernel:
plip0: Parallel port at 0x378, using IRQ 7
</verb>
If you can't load the <tt>plip</tt> module then you have to
recompile the <bf>kernel</bf> with <tt>plip</tt> service as a
module.
The syslog message says the module is loaded on the <tt>plip0</tt>
interface. Configure the <tt>plip0</tt> interface:
<verb>
$ ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 up
</verb>
Check that everything is okay.
<verb>
$ ifconfig plip0
plip0 Link encap:10Mbps Ethernet HWaddr FC:FC:C0:A8:00:02
inet addr:192.168.0.2 P-t-P:192.168.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0
Interrupt:7 Base address:0x378
</verb>
Now you can <tt>ping</tt> locally the <bf>source</bf> server:
<verb>
$ ping source
PING source (192.168.0.2): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=0.3 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=255 time=0.2 ms
--- source ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 0.2/0.2/0.3 ms
</verb>
Verify that the route to <bf>target</bf> exists:
<verb>
$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
target * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 plip0
</verb>
If the route doesn't exist, add it:
<verb>
$ route add -host 192.168.0.1 dev plip0
</verb>
When the <bf>target</bf> <em>is</em> configured you will be able to
do a ping test:
<verb>
$ ping target
PING 192.168.0.1 (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=4.5 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.3 ms
--- 192.168.0.1 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.3/4.4/4.5 ms
</verb>
But if you try it now you should have:
<verb>
$ ping target
PING target (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
--- target ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
</verb>
Now, the server network is ready to work.
Congratulations.
<sect>The cdrom nfs server side
<p>
This section describes how to mount and export via NFS a cdrom drive.
Mount the cdrom. If you encounter a problem with your cdrom drive,
read the <bf><em>CDROM-HOWTO</em></bf>. I assume that the cdrom
device is <tt>/dev/hdd</tt> but it could be <tt>/dev/sr0</tt> or
<tt>/dev/hdb</tt> etc. The mount point I choose is <tt>/cdrom</tt>
but you can choose the one you want:
<verb>
$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdd /cdrom
</verb>
You have to set up nfs services. If something goes wrong, read the
<bf><em>NFS-HOWTO</em></bf>
Verify your kernel supports nfs:
<verb>
$ cat /proc/filesystems
ext2
nodev proc
nodev nfs
nodev ncpfs
nodev devpts
iso9660
</verb>
Verify your portmapper can handle mountd and nfs client requests:
<verb>
$ rpcinfo -p
program vers proto port
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100005 1 udp 655 mountd
100005 1 tcp 657 mountd
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
</verb>
Lines with <tt>nfs</tt> or <tt>portmapper</tt> have to be there. NFS
on tcp ? progress have been made !
Then, rerun <tt>portmap</tt>, <tt>mountd</tt>, <tt>nfs</tt>:
<verb>
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap.init stop
Stopping INET services: portmap
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/portmap.init start
Starting portmapper: portmap
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs stop
Shutting down NFS services: rpc.mountd rpc.nfsd
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: rpc.mountd rpc.nfsd
</verb>
<tt>/etc/rc.d/init.d/</tt> is <tt>/sbin/init.d/</tt> on SuSE Linux
systems. I had a dream last nigth: LSB was respected. (LDB: Linux
Standard Base)
Then, try to mount it "locally" (via nfs) on the <bf>source</bf> box
and clean the test:
<verb>
$ mkdir /tmp/nfstest
$ mount -t nfs source:/cdrom /tmp/nfstest
$ ls /tmp/nfstest/
README debian/ locatedb.3 tools/
TRANS.TBL ftp.netscape.com/ ls_lR.3 upgrade/
boot/ install/ realaudio/
$ echo great stuff !
$ umount /tmp/nfstest
$ rmdir /tmp/nfstest
</verb>
Bad luck ? Read the <bf><em>NFS-HOWTO</em></bf> and
<bf><tt>/var/log/messages</tt></bf>.
Check the nfs server with those commands:
<verb>
$ rpcinfo -p
</verb>
Run <tt>portmap</tt> with the <tt>-v</tt> flag:
<verb>
$ portmap -v
</verb>
kill <tt>portmap</tt>, <tt>mountd</tt>, <tt>nfsd</tt> and rerun them
in this order: <tt>portmap</tt>, <tt>mountd</tt>, <tt>nfsd</tt>.
Take a rest, get more coffee. Read again the
<bf><em>NFS-HOWTO</em></bf> and restart.
Now, the exported cdrom drive nfs server is ready to work.
Congratulations.
<sect>FIPS, PARTED, splitting of hard disk partitions
<p>
This section is for anybody who has only one primary FAT partition
(DOS, Windows 3.xx, NT) and wants to keep it without loosing
data. Make some backups because if you burn it, I won't be
responsible - you will.
Journey to PARTED
Andrew Clausen (clausen@gnu.org), GNU Parted maintainer, wrote "You
might want to mention GNU Parted in the PLIP-Install Howto." That is
done. Since I didn't try it I can only give you the links to <url
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/parted" name="parted by http"> and
<url url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/parted" name="parted ftp">. Help
yourself. Parted seems very good.
Andrew said: "GNU Parted is a *LOT* more powerful than FIPS (think
Partition Magic). For example, it can convert FAT16 <=> FAT32,
change the size of the FATs, doesn't require a defragger, etc. And
it supports ext2, linux-swap..."
Back to FIPS.
Download <url url="ftp://ftp.debian.org/pub/debian/tools/"
name="FIPS">. Don't forget the mirrors ftp.<bf>xx</bf>.debian.org
where <bf>xx</bf> is your country abbreviation (fr, fi, us, uk,
etc.).
At the time of this writing the archive file is called
<bf>fips20.zip</bf>.
The <bf>fips</bf> program is already in the debian cdrom
distribution. I found it (yes, after downloading the
<bf>fips20.zip</bf> file) in <tt>/cdrom/debian/tools/fips15.zip</tt>
(It supposes your cdrom is mounted on <bf>/cdrom</bf>)
I guess you are on a Unix world but you're not compelled to do
so. Go in a good working place on the <bf>source</bf> computer:
<verb>
$ mkdir /tmp/fips-2.0/
$ cd /tmp/fips-2.0/
$ unzip -l /archive/fips/fips20.zip
...
$ unzip /archive/fips/fips20.zip
...
$ ls
$ dos2unix fips.doc fips.faq readme.1st
</verb>
<enum>
<item>Read the file readme.1st
<item>Read the file fips.doc
<item>Read the file fips.faq
</enum>
Boot your <bf>target</bf> computer. Be in pure DOS (quit Windows).
Read again the file <bf><tt>fips.doc</tt></bf> from the section
"5. Before you start".
Be aware of hidden files.
Graham comment: Hidden files will not be moved by DeFrag (as far as
I know), so FIPS will reclaim less space for use by Linux. Use the
ATTRIB command to remove the "hidden" attribute. Some things may
require that files are hidden, so it will be necessary to hide the
same files again later. I think that it would also be a good idea to
run scandisk at this moment. Perhaps I do not trust DOS.
Be aware to eliminate the "virtual memory" file (swap for Win*)
during the fips process. In Windows 3.11 (quite up to date, no?)
this swap file is configured from
Program-Manager->Control-Panel->Enhanced (a i386 chip icon).
Click, Click->Click on the chip and re-click on a button
called "Virtual Memory".
Adjust the size to none, Click<-Click<-Click<-Click back plus Alt-F4
to close all your windows. Don't you think the Gates are too closed
too?
Graham comment: I am not sure that this is a good idea. What
happens if "386spart.par" is not hidden? I think that DEFRAG will
move it, and Windows will complain next time it starts, then rebuild
the file. Since we are clearly keeping DOS/Windows, the user will
require a swap file again later. By not deleting it, the disc space
is reserved for that time.
I don't what to say. I've just parroted FIPS manual because I
succeeded with it.
So drink coffee, and pray.
Run <tt>SCANDISK</tt>:
<verb>
C:\> SCANDISK
</verb>
Correct every cluster. You should have no dead cluster now.
Quit <tt>SCANDISK</tt>
Run <tt>DEFRAG</tt> on C:
<verb>
C:\> DEFRAG C:
</verb>
All used clusters are at the beginning of the hard disk.
Quit <tt>DEFRAG</tt>
Make a bootable floppy disk:
<verb>
C:\> FORMAT A: /S
</verb>
Copy <bf><tt>AUTOEXEC.BAT</tt></bf> and <bf><tt>CONFIG.SYS</tt></bf>
to the new floppy if you want to keep your local features (keyboard
keys etc.). Remove the line running <tt>SMARTDRIVE.EXE</tt> in
<tt>AUTOEXEC.BAT</tt>. Keep a minimal <tt>AUTOEXEC.BAT</tt>
On the <bf>source</bf> box: Copy the fips files
<bf>restorrb.exe</bf>, <bf>fips.exe</bf> and <bf>errors.txt</bf> to
this floppy disk.
<verb>
$ mcopy errors.txt fips.exe restorrb.exe a:
</verb>
Graham comment: Doesn't this assume that mtools are installed? If
the floppy disc is mounted as type msdos, the standard "cp" command
should do the job, and mtools would not be needed. I have never
used mtools, but I have played with DOS files from Linux.
Yes, this assume that mtools are installed. mcopy is faster to type
than mkdir, mount, cp, umount, rmdir.
Boot the <bf>target</bf> with the floppy. Run fips while reading the
section "Using FIPS" in the file <bf>fips.doc</bf>
<bf>Do not forget</bf> to answer <bf>yes</bf> when fips ask for a
rootboot saving.
When everything is ok, save your hard disk space:
<verb>
$ cd
$ rm -rf /tmp/fips-2.0/
</verb>
Now you have a nice free space for a new operating system.
<sect>Debian installation
<p>
I'm not a Debian proselyte since it is my first Debian installation.
Debian lovers are the same kind of people as Macintosh lovers or
Linux lovers in the operating systems space. Nothing else
counts. Since I'm already a Mac and Lin lover (and French too :-) it
was time to fall in love.
Debian is well, clearly and internationally documented. Thanks to
all those guys who bred this really open distribution.
I could leave you on your own during the installation process. But
since we have to interact with a shell during it, the entire process
will be described in details.
I know the description is Debian specific. I prefer to give you a
complete example than nothing except a ``run a shell at the right
moment and type bla bla...''. I do like concrete examples.
Simon Forget &lt;sforget@camelot.ca&gt; told me he could not use
this howto with his Toshiba Libretto 50CT because the kernel could
not recognize the pcmcia floppy drive during the installation
process. I don't know why but there is a solution using plip, if you
already have a dos partition on the <bf>target</bf> computer.
This solution is simpler and faster because no floppy drive nor plip
network are necessary during the installation process. If you are
interested in this solution, go directly to the section <ref
id="INSTALL_FROM_A_DOS_PARTITION" name="Installing from a DOS
partition">. I'm keeping the old one installation routine because
this new one needs a DOS partition that becomes superfluous when you
definitively want to leave the dark side.
<sect1>Preparing the two floppies
<p>
On the <bf>source</bf> side, mount the cdrom and go in the install
directory
<verb>
$ mount -t iso9660 /dev/hdd /cdrom
$ cd /cdrom/debian/dists/stable/main/disks-i386/current/
</verb>
Read the file install.html with a browser or install.txt with a
cat, less or more (a dog).
Now, record the install (alias rescue) floppy. Write a
"<tt>resc1440.bin</tt>" label on it:
<verb>
$ dd if=resc1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
</verb>
Record the drivers floppy. Write a "<tt>drv1440.bin</tt>" label on it:
<verb>
$ dd if=drv1440.bin of=/dev/fd0H1440
</verb>
Lock the writing on those floppies.
Now you're ready to start the real installation process.
<sect1>The real installation process
<p>
Insert the resc1440.bin floppy on <bf>target</bf> drive. Reboot your
<bf>target</bf> box.
<verb>
Welcome to Debian GNU/Linux 2.x!
...</verb>
Read the text
The prompt is :
<verb>
boot:</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Loading root.bin...........
loading linux...
....</verb>
A new screen:
<verb>
Next: Select Color or Monochrome display</verb>
Choose yours with the arrow up/down keys and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Continue with the installation</verb>
press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Software in the Public Interest
presents
*** Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 ***
...</verb>
Read the text Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> (You see
<tt>&lt;Continue&gt;</tt> on the screen)
<verb>
Next: Configure the Keyboard</verb>
press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select your country and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next : Partition a Hard Disk</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Select Disk Drive
/dev/hda</verb>
If you have several disks choose the good one (where you want to
install Linux) and Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
You are now using the program <tt>cfdisk</tt>. Using
<tt>cfdisk</tt> is safe until you decide to <tt>[Write]</tt> the
partition on disk. Leaving <tt>cfdisk</tt> with <tt>[Quit]</tt> is
safe.
We are going to make just two new primary partitions, a Swap one and
a big Linux one. If you want to do more partitions, leave some free
space or extended partitions, you can. But read the documentation
about Partitioning in the <em>Installation-HOWTO</em>.
If you previously ran the <tt>FIPS</tt> program, you see the
<tt>hda1</tt> partition (<tt>DOSFAT16</tt>). Switch to the next free
partition with the up/down arrow keys.
Select <tt>[New]</tt> with the right/left arrow keys and press
<tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select <tt>[Primary]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Enter the size of your swap partition. Twice the ram is usual if you
have less than 128 mega bytes of ram. If you have 2 giga bytes of
ram, it's because you don't want to swap. In that case, no swap
partition is needed.
Select <tt>[Beginning]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select <tt>[Type]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> Type
<tt>82</tt> (Linux Swap) and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Switch to the next free partition with the up/down arrow keys Select
<tt>[New]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select <tt>[Primary]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Enter the size in MB (You can leave the default) and press
<tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> Its type is already Linux. If not, change to
Linux (83) with <tt>[Type]</tt>
The partition table is defined now. Verify everything looks good. If
you're not sure, read the documentation with <tt>[Help]</tt>. If
doubts are still there, select <tt>[Quit]</tt> and leave the
installation process. Go for a walk and restart from the beginning
of this section.
I assume your are confident now.
Select <tt>[Write]</tt>
<verb>
Are you sure you want to write the partition table to disk?</verb>
Type <tt>yes</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select <tt>[Quit]</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Initialize and Activate a Swap Partition</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please select the partition to initialize as a swap device</verb>
Select <tt>/dev/hda2</tt> (normally already selected)
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Scan for Bad Blocks?</verb>
select <tt>&lt;YES&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Are you Sure?</verb>
select <tt>&lt;YES&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Initializing swap partition
...</verb>
<verb>
Next: Initialize a Linux Partition</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Select Partition Please select the to initialize as a Linux "ext2"
file-system.</verb>
Select <tt>/dev/hda3</tt> (normals already selected) and press
<tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Scan for Bad Blocks?</verb>
Select <tt>&lt;YES&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Are you Sure?</verb>
Select <tt>&lt;YES&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
A new page full of numbers. You can take a rest because it takes
some time (especially with big hard disk).
<verb>
Next: Mount a Previously-Initialized Partition</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please select the partition to mount</verb>
Select <tt>/dev/hda3</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Mount the /dev/hda3 device as the Root FileSystem?</verb>
Select <tt>&lt;Yes&lt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Install Operating System Kernel and Modules</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please select the medium you will use to install the system</verb>
Select <tt>/dev/fd0</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please place the Rescue Floppy in the first floppy drive</verb>
The floppy is already there.<newline>
Select <tt>&lt;Continue&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Installing the Rescue Floppy ...
Please place the Drivers Floppy in the first floppy drive</verb>
Eject the Rescue Floppy and insert the Drivers Floppy, the one I
you labelled <tt>drv1440.bin</tt> (you did it, didn't you?).<newline>
Select <tt>&lt;Continue&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Installing the Drivers Floppy ...</verb>
A new screen:
<verb>
Next: Configure Device Driver Modules</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Select Category</verb>
Read the text.
<verb>
Please select the category of modules</verb>
Select <tt>net</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> <newline>
Select <tt>plip</tt>.
<verb>
Module plip</verb>
Select "Install the module in the kernel" and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> <newline>
No parameters are needed. <newline>
Select <tt>&lt;Ok&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Installation succeeded
Please press ENTER when you are ready to continue.</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
Select <tt>Exit</tt> (Finished with these modules) and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<newline> Then you see the same kind of screen again. <newline>
Select <tt>Exit</tt> (Finished with these modules) and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Configure the Network</verb>
Choose a name, you can use a different name than <tt>debian</tt> or
<tt>target</tt>.<newline> Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Is your system connect to a network? </verb>
Select <tt>&lt;No&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<bf>STOP STOP STOP</bf>. You see now:
<verb>
Next: Install the base system</verb>
Now we need a shell.
Press <tt>Alt F2</tt> and <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
You are in a root shell.
<sect1>An installation break: PLIP on the target side
<p>
You are in a root shell.
Verify the plip module is loaded:
<verb>
$ lsmod
Module Pages Used by
plip 3 0
</verb>
Find the exact name of the plip interface:
<verb>
$ dmesg
...
NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
</verb>
You can find the same information with
<verb>
$ cat /proc/kmsg
...
<4>NET3 PLIP version 2.2 gniibe@mri.co.jp
<4>plip1: Parallel port at 0x378, using assigned IRQ 7
...
Ctrl-c</verb>
Configure the plip interface:
<verb>
$ ifconfig plip1 192.168.0.1 pointopoint 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up</verb>
Verify everything is ok:
<verb>
$ ifconfig plip1
plip0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr FC:FC:C0:A8:00:01
inet addr:192.168.0.1 P-t-P:192.168.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255
UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
Collisions:0
Interrupt:7 Base address:0x378</verb>
Verify the route to <bf>source</bf> exists:
<verb>
$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo</verb>
If not, like in the previous example, add the route to 192.168.0.2,
the <bf>source</bf>:
<verb>
$ route add -host 192.168.0.2 dev plip1</verb>
Now the route is installed:
<verb>
$ route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.0.2 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 plip1
127.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 lo</verb>
Now you can perform a successful <tt>ping</tt> from the
<bf>source</bf> server (<tt>ping</tt> is not available on the Debian
install process):
<verb>
$ ping target
PING target (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=14.0 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.3 ms
--- target ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.3/9.1/14.0 ms</verb>
If it doesn't work, check the Null-Modem cable connection, rerun
<tt>dmesg</tt>, <tt>ifconfig</tt>, <tt>route</tt>. Verify
everything. Take a rest. Restart.
When the ping is ok, return to the normal installation process:
On the target: Press <tt>Alt F1</tt>
<sect1>Return to the normal install process
<p>
You are back to the normal installation process. You should still
see:
<verb>
Next: Install the base system</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please select the medium you will use to install the system</verb>
Select <tt>nfs</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please choose the NFS server and the mount path ...</verb>
Type: <tt>192.168.0.2:/cdrom</tt><newline>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please choose the path inside the mounted NFS filesystem</verb>
Type /debian (normally already there) and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
If no error message complains about the nfs mount then bravo. You can
verify this mount by entering the shell again:
Press <tt>Alt F2</tt>
<verb>
$ mount
...
192.168.0.2:/cdrom on /instmnt type nfs (rw, addr=192.168.0.2)
$ ls /instmnt/debian
README README.non-US doc/
README.CD-manufacture README.pgp@ hamm/
README.mirrors.html TRANS.TBL tools/
README.mirrors.txt dists/</verb>
Press <tt>Alt F1</tt>
You're back again to the normal installation process.
Now the plip nfs cdrom connection is done. Let's go on and finish
our job.
<verb>
Please select the directory containing a file base2_0.tgz</verb>
Select <tt>list</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Please Wait
The installation program is building a list of ...</verb>
A new screen:
<verb>
Select Archive Path
Please select the directory that you will use to install the Base
System from.</verb>
Only one long item, already selected. Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
The Base System is being extracted from
/instmnt/debian/dists/.....</verb>
Take a second rest, you deserve it
<verb>
Next: Configure the Base System</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Select Timezone</verb>
Select your timezone and your directory and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Timezone Configuration</verb>
Read and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Timezone Configuration.</verb>
An other page
Read, select <tt>&lt;YES&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Make Linux Bootable Directly From Hard Disk</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Create Master Boot Record?</verb>
Read<newline>
Select <tt>&lt;Yes&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Make Linux the Default Boot Partition?</verb>
Read.<newline>
Select <tt>&lt;No&gt;</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Next: Make a boot Floppy</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Change Disk
Please place a blank floppy disk in the first floppy drive.</verb>
Do it and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> <newline>
The floppy is being formated
<verb>
Creating a filesystem on the floppy...
Copying the operating system kernel...</verb>
A new screen:
<verb>
Next: Reboot the System</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Reboot the system ?</verb>
Remove the floppy and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
The system reboot. Are you still with the dark side? I guess yes,
so insert the boot floppy you've just made and reboot again with
<tt>Ctrl-Alt-Del</tt>
See the boot messages.<newline>
Read the text.
<verb>
New password:</verb>
Enter a root password.
<verb>
Re-enter new password</verb>
Do it.
<verb>
Shall I create a normal user account now? [Y/n]</verb>
Enter <tt>n</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Shall I install shadow passwords? [Y/n]</verb>
Enter <tt>y</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Do you want to use a PPP connection to install</verb>
Enter <tt>n</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
Now you may choose one of several selections ...
Do you want to perform this step?</verb>
Enter <tt>n</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
I'm going to start the 'dselect' program...</verb>
Press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt> <newline>
Select <tt>[Q]uit</tt> and press <tt>&lt;ENTER&gt;</tt>
<verb>
You may now login as 'root' at the login: prompt...
...
debian login:</verb>
Enter <tt>root</tt>.
<verb>
Password:</verb>
Enter the root password.
<verb>
...
debian:~#</verb>
The system is installed and working. CONGRATULATIONS!
My job stops here. Read the install documentation of your
distribution and go on with the Unix system administration job.
When you reboot your system, the plip connection won't be in good
shape. But now you now what to do.
I suggest you some work:<itemize>
<item>Configure the plip interface for the normal boot process (in
the file <tt>/etc/init.d/network</tt>).
<item>Configure <tt>/etc/fstat</tt> on the <bf>target</bf> to mount
simply the remote <bf>source</bf> cdrom via nfs.
<verb>
source:/cdrom /cdrom nfs noauto,intr 1 2
</verb>
<item>Learn Lilo. Configure it for your DOS and Linux systems and
install it on a floppy.
<item>When you master Lilo on the floppy, install it on your hard
drive.
<item>Install and configure the X Window System.
<item>Have fun.
<item>Mail me a feedback.
</itemize>
<sect>Installing Slackware, RedHat, Caldera
<p>
This section is written by Florent SAUNIER. <newline>
sabetflo@freesurf.fr
<p>
I have performed a Slakware installation using PLIP very
succesfully. I have also been able to install REDHAT and caldera
Open linux using the very same method described below.
As previously specified by Gilles, a slakware installation requires
everything specified in the chapter "What do you need" with time
increased to 10 hours if you desire to install xfree(86) and some
developpement tools.
Further on, you need to read first Gilles installation as I set up
mine accordingly to his preset.
Finally, I have performed Slakware and Caldera installation on
Twinhead 550C laptop, with 8Mb Ram, and 2Gbytes Hard drive.
<sect1>Slakware installation
<p>
<itemize>
<item>1- Make 2 disks (boot and root) and prepare a plip disk
<item>2- Install PLIP module
<item>3- Create a NFS drive to use PLIP with
<item>4- Launch the Slakware (or Caldera) Installation
<Item>5- Drink all remainder of coffee and go to bed waiting completion of
installation
</itemize>
</p>
<sect2>Making boot,root and plip disks
<p>
To install slakware verion using ATAPI CDROM from your source you
will need standard kernel image bareapm.i or bare.i. If you want
to make an install from SCSI support take scsinet.i image.
Other image exists, such as net.i which sould include PLIP
function but on my i486 laptop, Twinhead550C, the imagedoes not
work. I have experienced that the standard image allways work on
any laptop I have used.
<sect3> 1a- creating the boot and root disks.
<p>
From ms-dos create the boot disk by typing:
<verb>
rawrite bareapm.i
</verb>
then create the root disks:
<verb>
rawrite color.gz.a (if you are using color screen)
</verb>
<sect3> 1b- Creating the PLIP disk
<p>
On a dos format disk copy the following file :
<itemize>
<item>1- plip.o (object program for the plip tool)
<item>2- parport_pc
<item>3- parport
</itemize>
Those programs are compulsory prior a PLIP install, you will find them
into the slakware installation CDROM under the directory /MODULES.
Same apply to the Caldera installtion. MAke find file if you cannot
find them.
<sect3> 1c- launching the installation.
<p>
Insert your boot disk in your Laptop and start computer.
Follow the installtion procedure and wait till the system ask for
the root disks.
Insert it and wait for the prompt login: "Slakware login".
To start the Slakware installation you must log as root. Type then root
at the prompt. Be aware that at that time of installation your keyboard is
still qwerty.
</sect2>
<sect2>2a- Install PLIP module
<p>
Install your source computer according to Gille indication.
From chapter 7 to 9.
Install PLIP on the target.
To install PLIP module you need to launch program from your PLIP disk.
Remember you did it no !!!
Access to your floppy disk by:
<verb>
& mount /dev/fd0h1440 /floppy
& cd /floppy
& insmod parport 'it will install your parallel port
& insmod parport_pc 'it will set it up
& insmod plip 'it will install plip module
</verb>
If during the PLIP installation you encounter an error. It means that
your paralell port has not been correctly installed. you may type again
the instruction above, it does work sometimes !!, or go to the parport
directory and write appopriate setting.
<verb>
& cd /proc/parport/0
& vi IRQ 'Verify that 7 is written in it if you are using
'that interruption'
</verb>
Look at chapter 8,"PLIP on the source side" to get the proper setting.
You should not bother too much as at 95% on the 5 laptop I have
installed everyting went smoothly.
</p></sect2>
<sect2>3a- Now create your NFS drive.
<p>From that point I have choosed to use the creation of a NFS drive
on the target computer. Then I will make an installation using the
"From directory" option rather than from an nfs support.
Do not forget you are still in US keyboard.
Of course you have set up your source accordingly to chapter 7,
"Network parameters".
You then did ping your source, but yet you cannot ping the target.
So the first step is to configure your PLIP connection:
On the target type:
<verb>
& ifconfig plip0 192.168.0.2 pointopoint 192.168.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
</verb>
Test your Plip configuration by pinging the target from the source
<verb>
& ping target
</verb>
then create your nfs drive:
<verb>
& cd /
& mkdir nfsdrive
mount -t nfs 192.168.0.2:/cdrom /nfstest
</verb>
<it>You have just configure a drive linked to your source directory /cdrom
were you suppose to have slakware CDROM connected to, from your target
directory call nfstest</it>
Now everything is set up and you are ready to launch the Slakware
installation program, by typing "setup".
<bf>note:</bf>if you do not have enough memory, below 8mb
setup will not being launched then, you will have to make a swap
space to allow the program to work.
first Create you disk partition with your swap by typing
<bf>& fdisk</bf>
note your swap disk name eg /hda3
quit fdisk with 'w'
Once its done type:
<verb>
& mkswap -c /dev/hda3
& swapon /dev/ha3
</verb>
Your swap is now set up.
You may then launch the "setup" program.
</p></sect2>
<sect2>4a- Installing Slakware
<p>
the setup programm shows various menu:
<itemize>
<item>HELP - Help file
<item>KEYMAP - Keyboard select (Azerty at least !!!)
<item>ADDSWAP - Create and select swap
<item>TARGET - Select target
<item>SOURCE - select the source
<item>SELECT - Select pakages to install
<item>CONFIGURE - Set up your linux system and make LILO
<item>EXIT - bye bye setup
</itemize>
4b- Select your keyboard, for French take -Fr-latin1.map
4c- Select your swap partition if not already configured
4d- Select the target, default is '/'
4e- Select the source. Here is the tricky stuff choose
Installing from a drive
type the drive so : /nfsdrive/slakware
<it>'/slakware' because your drive must point to your
slakware CDROM directory</it>
4f- Select packages to install
4g- Wait, Wait, Wait and Wait........
</p>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1><bf> Caldera Installation</bf>
<p>
I told you that Caldera work also with that install. In fact as
Caldera launch automatically is Setup program, once you arrived
at the menu were you suppose to choose your source disks type
ALT F2 and go to another screen then log as root and make your
nfs drive as described above in point 2 to 4.
Then go back to the installtion screen with ALT F1, and type
the famous nfsdrive as your source directory. Caldera will than
install without problem.
</p>
</sect1>
<sect1>Troubleshooting
<p>If you are experiencing any trouble with that installation you may
report it tome and I'll try to help as best as I can.
</p>
</sect1>
<sect> Installing from a DOS partition <label
id="INSTALL_FROM_A_DOS_PARTITION">
<p>
You can use this section if you already have a DOS partition on
your <bf>target</bf> computer. I think it is a faster installation
method.
Read the section 5.3.1 "Installing from a DOS partition" from
<htmlurl
url="http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/install.txt"
name="install.txt">. This section is also available on the Debian
CD in the html file <htmlurl
url="file:///cdrom/dists/stable/main/disks-i386/current/ch-install-methods.html#s-install-drive"
name="ch-install-methods.html">.
I just going to help you to make the first point&nbsp;: "1. Get the
following files from your nearest Debian" repository"
The transfer is easy with&nbsp; <htmlurl
url="http://www.toms.net/rb/home.html" name="tomsrtbt">.
Export the <bf>source</bf> cdrom drive via nfs.
Read the file <htmlurl name="tomsrtbt.FAQ"
url="http://www.toms.net/rb/tomsrtbt.FAQ">
Create the floppy under DOS or Linux, you have the choice.
<verb>
Linux installation:
a) extract the .tar.gz archive
b) Be root
c) Be in the tomsrtbt-&lt;version&gt; directory
d) Have a blank floppy with no bad sectors
e) Do './install.s'
</verb>
Boot the <bf>target</bf> with the floppy. Log in root.
<verb>
$ insmod plip
$ ifconfig plip1 192.168.0.1 pointopoint 192.168.0.2 \
netmask 255.255.255.255 up
$ route add -host 192.168.0.2 dev plip1
$ mount -t nfs 192.168.0.2:/cdrom /cdrom
$ mkdir /c
$ mount -t msdos /dev/hda1 /c
$ mkdir /c/debian
$ cd /cdrom/dists/stable/main/disks-i386/current/
$ cp resc1440.bin drv1440.bin base2_1.tgz root.bin linux \
install.bat loadlin.exe /c/debian
</verb>
The <tt>\</tt> means the command line continues on the next line.
The <tt>cp</tt> command takes some time. When finished, remove the
floppy and then&nbsp;:
<verb>
$ reboot
</verb>
Boot under DOS.
<verb>
C:\> cd debian
C:\DEBIAN> install
</verb>
Here you go to install Debian from a DOS partition. You do not need
plip nor floppy during the installation process. Everything deals
with the hard drive. Read the Debian install documentation, it is a
very good and clear one.
<sect>Install the plip interface permanently
<p>
<sect1>On the source side
<p>
I use an old Linux RedHat 4.1 distribution. The location of the
files can be different on other GNU/Linux distributions but the
philosophy is the same (The Unix System V convention).
Create the file <tt>/etc/rc.d/init.d/plip</tt> with this content:
<verb>
#!/bin/sh
##############################
# file /etc/rc.d/init.d/plip #
##############################
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
/bin/echo "Starting plip interface: "
/bin/echo "Doing /sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 up"
/sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 up
/bin/echo "Doing /bin/ping -q -c 4 target"
/bin/ping -q -c 4 target
/bin/echo "Starting plip interface: done"
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
/bin/echo "Shutting down plip interface:"
/bin/echo "Doing /sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 down"
/sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 down
/bin/echo "Doing /sbin/modprobe -r plip "
/sbin/modprobe -r plip
/bin/echo "Shutting down plip interface: done"
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
# === End of File ===
</verb>
Only the ifconfig lines are strictly necessary. Perhaps you will
need to add some <tt>modprobe</tt> commands if you don't use
<tt>kerneld</tt> nor the <tt>kmod</tt> feature of new kernels 2.2.x
Create the symbolic links in the <tt>rc*.d</tt> directories:
<verb>
$ cd /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/
$ ln -s ../init.d/plip K97plip
$ cd /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/
$ ln -s ../init.d/plip K92plip
$ cd /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/
$ ln -s ../init.d/plip S11plip
$ cd /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/
$ ln -s ../init.d/plip S11plip
</verb>
You can choose other numbers. Be aware to place the K??plip files
after the ones that shutdown services depending on plip. Be aware
to place the S??plip files before the ones that start services
depending on plip, nfs, nis, ftp, http etc.
Update the <tt>/etc/conf.modules</tt> file:
<verb>
# /etc/conf.modules
...
alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc
post-install parport_pc echo 7 > /proc/parport/0/irq
...
</verb>
Choose the good irq number (7 is mine, not yours).
Test the plip shell:
<verb>
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/plip
Usage: /etc/rc.d/init.d/plip {start|stop}
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/plip stop
Shutting down plip interface:
Doing /sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 down
Doing /sbin/modprobe -r plip
Shutting down plip interface: done
$ /etc/rc.d/init.d/plip start
Starting plip interface:
Doing /sbin/ifconfig plip0 source pointopoint target netmask 255.255.255.255 up
Doing /bin/ping -q -c 4 target
PING target (192.168.0.1): 56 data bytes
--- target ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 4.4/8.3/14.0 ms
Starting plip interface: done
</verb>
Updating the start scripts is a good accasion to reboot a Unix
system, to check the modifications. Do it:
<verb>
$ init 6
</verb>
<sect1>On the target side
<p>
Update the file <tt>/etc/init.d/network</tt>:
<verb>
#! /bin/sh
#######################
# /etc/init.d/network #
#######################
ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
route add -net 127.0.0.0
ifconfig plip1 192.168.0.1 pointopoint 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
route add -host 192.168.0.2 dev plip1
</verb>
That's all because the parport features are directly in the kernel.
Updating the start scripts is a good occasion to reboot a Unix
system, to check the modifications. Do it:
<verb>
$ init 6
</verb>
<sect>Need to compile a new kernel ?
<p>
Several times during the <bf>source</bf> server configuration we
mentioned that a kernel compilation on the <bf>source</bf> computer
could be needed.
I list the things you need to change or set. If you have never
compile a kernel, read the <em>Kernel-HOWTO</em>.
<verb>
Loadable module support --->
[*] Enable loadable module support
General setup --->
[*] Networking support
<M> Parallel port support
<M> PC-style hardware
Networking options --->
[*] TCP/IP networking
Network device support --->
[*] Network device support
<*> Dummy net driver support
<M> PLIP (parallel port) support
< > or <M> PPP (point-to-point) support
< > or <M> SLIP (serial line) support
Character devices --->
<M> Parallel printer support
Filesystems --->
[*] /proc filesystem support
<*> or <M> ISO 9660 CDROM filesystem support
Network File Systems --->
<*> or <M> NFS filesystem support
</verb>
<sect>What's new
<p>
<descrip>
<tag>v1.22, 16 June 2000
<p>
<itemize>
<item>
<item> Added a mention to PARTED
http://www.gnu.org/software/parted as told by Andrew Clausen
(clausen@gnu.org).
<p> <item> Added section Installing Slackware, RedHat, or
Caldera, by Florent SAUNIER.
<p> <item> Corrected some English faults, thanks to Graham and
Tomas.
<!--
<p> <item>
-->
</itemize>
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>v1.15, 26 November 1999</tag>
<p>
<itemize>
<item>The section "What's new". It is this section.
<p> <item>The section "Install the plip interface permanently".
<p> <item>The section "List of contributors and acknowledgements".
<p> <item>Made the different chapters dealing with the detailed
Debian installation be a single chapter with the actual chapters
as just subsections.
<p> <item> Made a new section "Installing from a DOS
partition". A simpler and faster method.
</itemize>
</p>
</descrip>
<sect>To do
<p>
<itemize>
<item>Check a kernel compilation from scratch (no last
<tt>.config</tt> file) with only the options I gave. Add the
missing ones if any.
<p> <item>Make the Mandrake, SuSE, Turbo Linux, and Stampede
detailed installation chapters. Contributions are welcome. Gilles
Lamiral won't do that job unless given new computers and CDs.
<p>Debian (done), Red Hat (done), Slackware (done), Caldera
OpenLinux (done).
<p> <item>Make "The cdrom nfs server side" chapter become simply
"the server side" chapter with subsections like "cdrom medium",
"zip medium", "hard disk medium", and "ftp server" "nfs server",
"samba server" "http server". Again, contributions are welcome.
<!--
<p> <item>
-->
</itemize>
<sect>List of contributors and acknowledgements
<p>
I thank all the people in this list of contributors or projects. If
you think I forgot someone, do not hesitate to complain.
<descrip>
<tag>Werner Heuser &lt;wehe@snafu.de&gt; </tag>
<p>
He said: "yesterday I had time enough to read your document. It's
great and in the next issue of my HOWTO (probably 2. December) I
will make a link to it."
</p>
He did.
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>LDP &lt;linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu&gt;
</tag>
<p>
The Linux Documentation Project accepted the PLIP-Install-HOWTO
without any hesitation.
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>Simon Forget &lt;sforget@camelot.ca&gt;
</tag>
<p>
Simon had a problem with his pcmcia floppy drive. So he made me
search a solution that is, in fact, simpler and faster.
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>Andrew Clausen &lt;clausen@gnu.org&gt;
</tag>
<p>
Andrew suggested me to talk about parted
http://www.gnu.org/software/parted
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>Florent SAUNIER &lt;FlorentSAUNIER@sabetflo.freesurf.fr&gt;
</tag>
<p>
Florent wrote the section called "Installing Slackware/Caldera".
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>
Graham Bosworth &lt;graham@bozikins.connectfree.co.uk&gt;
</tag>
<p>
Graham corrected my bad english all over the document.
</p>
</descrip>
<descrip>
<tag>
Tomas Pospisek &lt;tpo@spin.ch&gt;
</tag>
<p>
Tomas also corrected my bad english.
</p>
</descrip>
</article>