mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
78 lines
3.7 KiB
XML
78 lines
3.7 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="ch04-creatingdirs">
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<title>Creating directories</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter04"?>
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<para>Before we start creating directories, we need to check the base
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system's umask setting. To do this, we run
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<userinput>umask</userinput>. The result should be 022. If it isn't,
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then run the following command to ensure that the directories will be
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created with the correct permissions:</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>umask 022</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>We would advise you to make sure that the umask is set to 022
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throughout your LFS installation.</para>
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<para>Let's now create the directory tree on the LFS partition based on the FHS
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standard, which can be found at <ulink
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url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/">http://www.pathname.com/fhs/</ulink>.
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Issuing the following commands will create a default directory layout:</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>cd $LFS &&</userinput>
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<userinput>mkdir -p bin boot dev/pts etc/opt home lib mnt proc root sbin tmp var opt &&</userinput>
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<userinput>for dirname in $LFS/usr $LFS/usr/local</userinput>
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<userinput><literal> do</literal></userinput>
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<userinput> mkdir $dirname</userinput>
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<userinput> cd $dirname</userinput>
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<userinput> mkdir bin etc include lib sbin share src var</userinput>
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<userinput> ln -s share/man man</userinput>
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<userinput> ln -s share/doc doc</userinput>
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<userinput> ln -s share/info info</userinput>
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<userinput> cd $dirname/share</userinput>
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<userinput> mkdir dict doc info locale man nls misc terminfo zoneinfo</userinput>
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<userinput> cd $dirname/share/man</userinput>
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<userinput> mkdir man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}</userinput>
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<userinput>done</userinput>
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<userinput>cd $LFS/var &&</userinput>
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<userinput>mkdir -p lock log mail run spool tmp opt cache lib/misc local &&</userinput>
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<userinput>cd $LFS/opt &&</userinput>
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<userinput>mkdir bin doc include info lib man &&</userinput>
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<userinput>cd $LFS/usr &&</userinput>
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<userinput>ln -s ../var/tmp tmp</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>Normally, directories are created with permission mode 755, which isn't
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desired for all directories. The first change is a mode 0750 for the
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$LFS/root directory. This is to make sure that not just everybody can
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enter the /root directory (the same a user would do with /home/username
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directories). The second change is a mode 1777 for the tmp
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directories. This way, any user can write data to the /tmp or /var/tmp
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directory but cannot remove another user's files (the latter is caused
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by the so-called "sticky bit" - bit 1 of the 1777 bit mask).</para>
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<para><screen><userinput>cd $LFS &&</userinput>
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<userinput>chmod 0750 root &&</userinput>
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<userinput>chmod 1777 tmp var/tmp</userinput></screen></para>
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<para>Now that the directories are created, copy the source files that were
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downloaded in chapter 3 to some subdirectory under $LFS/usr/src (you
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will need to create the desired directory yourself).</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS compliance notes</title>
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<para>The FHS stipulates that the /usr/local directory should contain the
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bin, games,include, lib, man, sbin, and share subdirectories. You can
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alter your /usr/local directory yourself if you want your system
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to be FHS-compliant.</para>
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<para>Also, the standard says that there should exist a /usr/share/games
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directory, which we don't much like for a base system. But feel free to
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make your system FHS-compliant if you wish. The FHS isn't precise as
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to the structure of the /usr/local/share subdirectories, so we took the
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liberty of creating the directories that we felt needed.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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