mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
118 lines
4.9 KiB
XML
118 lines
4.9 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="ch06-shadow">
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<title>Installing Shadow-&shadow-version;</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="shadow.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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<screen>Estimated build time: &shadow-time;
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Estimated required disk space: &shadow-compsize;</screen>
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&aa-shadowpwd-shortdesc;
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&aa-shadowpwd-dep;
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<sect2><title> </title><para> </para></sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Installation of Shadow</title>
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<para>The <userinput>login</userinput>, <userinput>getty</userinput> and
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<userinput>init</userinput> programs (and some others) maintain a number
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of logfiles to record who are and who were logged in to the system. These
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programs, however, don't create these logfiles when they don't exist, so if
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you want this logging to occur you will have to create the files yourself.
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The Shadow package needs to detect these files in their proper place, so we
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create them now, with their proper permissions:</para>
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<screen><userinput>touch /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}
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chmod 644 /var/run/utmp /var/log/{btmp,lastlog,wtmp}</userinput></screen>
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<para>The <filename>/var/run/utmp</filename> file lists the users that are
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currently logged in, the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file who
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<emphasis>were</emphasis> logged in and when.
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The <filename>/var/log/lastlog</filename> file shows for each user when he
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or she last logged in, and the <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename> lists the
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bad login attempts.</para>
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<para>Shadow hard-wires the path to the <userinput>passwd</userinput> binary
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within the binary itself, but does this the wrong way. If a
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<userinput>passwd</userinput> binary is not present before installing Shadow,
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the package incorrectly assumes it is going to be located at
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<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>, but then installs it in
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<filename>/usr/bin/passwd</filename>. This will lead to errors about not finding
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<filename>/bin/passwd</filename>. To work around this bug, create a dummy
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<filename>passwd</filename> file, so that it gets hard-wired properly:</para>
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<screen><userinput>touch /usr/bin/passwd</userinput></screen>
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<para>The current Shadow suite has a problem that causes the
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<userinput>newgrp</userinput> command to fail. The following patch (also
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appearing in Shadow's CVS code) fixes this problem:</para>
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<screen><userinput>patch -Np1 -i ../&shadow-patch;</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now prepare Shadow for compilation:</para>
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<screen><userinput>./configure --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared</userinput></screen>
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<para>Compile the package:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make</userinput></screen>
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<para>And install it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>make install</userinput></screen>
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<para>Shadow uses two files to configure authentication settings for the
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system. Install these two config files:</para>
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<screen><userinput>cp etc/{limits,login.access} /etc</userinput></screen>
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<para>We want to change the password method to enable MD5 passwords which are
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theoretically more secure than the default "crypt" method and also allow
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password lengths greater than 8 characters. We also need to change the old
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<filename class="directory">/var/spool/mail</filename> location for user
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mailboxes to the current location at
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<filename class="directory">/var/mail</filename>. We do this by changing the
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relevant configuration file while copying it to its destination:</para>
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<screen><userinput>sed -e 's%/var/spool/mail%/var/mail%' \
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-e 's%#MD5_CRYPT_ENAB.no%MD5_CRYPT_ENAB yes%' \
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etc/login.defs.linux > /etc/login.defs</userinput></screen>
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<note><para>Be extra careful when typing all of the above. It is probably safer
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to cut-and-paste it rather than try and type it all in.</para></note>
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<para>According to the man page of <userinput>vipw</userinput>, a
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<userinput>vigr</userinput> program should exist too. Since the installation
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procedure doesn't create this program, create a symlink manually:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -s vipw /usr/sbin/vigr</userinput></screen>
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<para>As the <filename>/bin/vipw</filename> symlink is redundant (and even
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pointing to a non-existent file), remove it:</para>
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<screen><userinput>rm /bin/vipw</userinput></screen>
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<para>Now move the <userinput>sg</userinput> program to its proper place:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /bin/sg /usr/bin</userinput></screen>
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<para>And move Shadow's dynamic libraries to a more appropriate location:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mv /usr/lib/lib{shadow,misc}.so.0* /lib</userinput></screen>
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<para>As some packages expect to find the just-moved libraries in
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<filename>/usr/lib</filename>, create the following symlinks:</para>
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<screen><userinput>ln -sf ../../lib/libshadow.so.0 /usr/lib/libshadow.so
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ln -sf ../../lib/libmisc.so.0 /usr/lib/libmisc.so</userinput></screen>
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<para>Coreutils has already installed a <userinput>groups</userinput> program
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in <filename>/usr/bin</filename>. If you wish, you can remove the one
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installed by Shadow:</para>
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<screen><userinput>rm /bin/groups</userinput></screen>
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</sect2>
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&c6-cf-shadowpwd;
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</sect1>
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