mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
58 lines
2.5 KiB
XML
58 lines
2.5 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="ch06-creatingdirs">
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<title>Creating directories</title>
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<?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html" dir="chapter06"?>
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<para>Let's now create some structure in our LFS file system. Let's create
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a directory tree. Issuing the following commands will create a more or less
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standard tree:</para>
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<screen><userinput>mkdir -p /{bin,boot,dev/{pts,shm},etc/opt,home,lib,mnt,proc}
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mkdir -p /{root,sbin,tmp,usr/local,var,opt}
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for dirname in /usr /usr/local
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do
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mkdir $dirname/{bin,etc,include,lib,sbin,share,src}
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ln -s share/{man,doc,info} $dirname
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mkdir $dirname/share/{dict,doc,info,locale,man}
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mkdir $dirname/share/{nls,misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
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mkdir $dirname/share/man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
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done
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mkdir /var/{lock,log,mail,run,spool}
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mkdir -p /var/{tmp,opt,cache,lib/misc,local}
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mkdir /opt/{bin,doc,include,info}
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mkdir -p /opt/{lib,man/man{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}}</userinput></screen>
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<para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this
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isn't desirable for all directories. We will make two changes: one to the home
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directory of <emphasis>root</emphasis>, and another to the directories for
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temporary files.</para>
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<screen><userinput>chmod 0750 /root
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chmod 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput></screen>
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<para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the
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<filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory -- the same
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as a normal user would do with his or her home directory.
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The second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
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<filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and
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<filename class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but
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cannot remove other users' files from them. The latter is prohibited
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by the so-called "sticky bit" -- the highest bit in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
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<sect2>
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<title>FHS compliance note</title>
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<para>We have based our directory tree on the FHS standard (available at
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<ulink url="http://www.pathname.com/fhs/"/>). Besides the above created
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tree this standard stipulates the existence of
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<filename class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and
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<filename class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>, but we don't
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much like these for a base system. However, feel free to make your system
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FHS-compliant. As to the structure of the
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<filename class="directory">/usr/local/share</filename> subdirectory, the FHS
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isn't precise, so we created here the directories that we think are needed.</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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