LDP/LDP/howto/linuxdoc/Hebrew-HOWTO.sgml

<!doctype linuxdoc system>
<!-- This is the Hebrew HOWTO, SGML source, By the help of Linux-il Group -- >
<!-- Maintained by Yair G. Rajwan, yair@hobbes.jct.ac.il -->


<article>
<title>The Hebrew HOWTO
<author>Maintained by Yair G. Rajwan, <htmlurl 
url="mailto:yair@hobbes.jct.ac.il" name="<tt>yair@hobbes.jct.ac.il</tt>">
<date>v0.4, 12 September 1995

<abstract>
This `Frequently Asked Questions' (FAQ) / HOWTO document describes how to 
configure your Linux machine to use Hebrew characters on X-Windows and Virtual 
Consoles. The most up-to-date version of the Hebrew-HOWTO may be obtained from
<url url="http://shekel.jct.ac.il/~rajwan/Hebrew.html" 
name="my Web page"> or from <url url="ftp://hobbes.jct.ac.il" 
name="<tt>ftp://hobbes.jct.ac.il</tt>">.
</abstract>

<toc>

<sect>Introduction

<p>Any language setup, other than the original American English, has two 
issues:
<enum>
<item> Displaying the right characters (fonts) - for Hebrew it's 
<tt>ISO-8859-8</tt> standard.
<item> Mapping the keyboard. 
</enum>

There is much more to Hebrew than that (like right to left, geometry in 
X-Windows,etc), but this HOWTO (at least for the first draft) deals only 
with the basic issues.

<label id="ISO">More information can be found in the various "national" HOWTOs 
(German, Danish, etc.) and in the ISO 8859-1 HOWTO (<tt><url 
url="ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit" 
name="ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit"> </tt> FAQ-ISO-8859-1).

<sect1>Changes.

<p><itemize>
<item>FIRST DRAFT to 0.2.
<p>Most of this file is taken from the first draft by Vlad Moseanu.
<item>0.2 to 0.3Beta.
<p>Added excerpts from documents from the archive e-brew.zip from <url 
url="ftp://ftp.jer1.co.il/pub/software/msdos/communication" 
name="ftp://ftp.jer1.co.il/pub/software/msdos/communication">, 
and some bug fixes with the help of JCT Linux-il group members.
<item>0.3Beta to 0.4.
<p>After the first release of the Hebrew-HOWTO to the Linux-il it contain all 
the E-mail send to me regarding spelling/grammer and Tex-Xet, Mule and Vim 
info.
</itemize>

<sect1>Thanks

<p>This <tt/HOWTO/ prepared by the help of all the group: Linux-il - 'The Israeli Linux users group' and especially by:
<p>	The Linux-il group 	<htmlurl url="mailto:linux-il@hagiga.jct.ac.il" name="(Linux-il@hagiga.jct.ac.il)">
<p>	Vlad Moseanu 		<htmlurl url="mailto:vlad@actcom.co.il" name="(vlad@actcom.co.il)">
<p>	Gili Granot 		<htmlurl url="mailto:gil@csc.cs.technion.ac.il" name="(gil@csc.cs.technion.ac.il)">
<p>	Harvey J. Stein 	<htmlurl url="mailto:hjstein@math.huji.ac.il" name="(hjstein@math.huji.ac.il)">
<p>	Dovie Adler 		<htmlurl url="mailto:dadler@hobbes.jct.ac.il" name="(dadler@hobbes.jct.ac.il)">
<p>	Gavrie Philipson        <htmlurl url="mailto:gavrie@shekel.jct.ac.il" name="(gavrie@shekel.jct.ac.il)">

<sect>Standards for representation of Hebrew characters

<sect1>ASCII
<P>To make one thing clear, for once and forever: There is no such thing as
8-bit ASCII. ASCII is only 7 bits. Any 8-bit code is not ASCII, but that
doesn't mean it's not standard. ISO-8859-8 is standard, but not ASCII. Thanks!

<sect1>DOS Hebrew

<p>The Hebrew encoding starts at 128d for Aleph. Therefore, encoding requires 
8 bits. This is what you have on the Video card EPROM hardware fonts, all of 
the Hebrew DOS based editors use this table (Qtext, HED, etc.).

<sect1>ISO Hebrew

<p>The Hebrew encoding starts at 224 for Aleph. This is the Internet standard,
international standard and basically the standard for Ms-Windows and for 
Macintoshes (Dagesh, etc...).

<sect1>OLD PC Hebrew

<p>This is 7-bit, and obsolete, as it occupies essentially the same ASCII 
range as English lowercase letters. So, it is best avoided. However, when 
ISO Hebrew gets its eighth bit stripped off by some ignorant Unix mail program
(so you get a jumble of English letters for the Hebrew part of your message 
and the regular English, reversed or not, mixed in), you will get this, and 
will need to transform it to PC or ISO. If there was English mixed in with 
the Hebrew, this will be a sad situation, as you will either get Hebrew plus 
jumble, or English plus jumble...

<sect1>Conversions

<p>Here are some simple scripts to convert from each standard to the other:
<tscreen><verb>
DOS - ISO:	tr '\200-\232' '\340-\372' < {dos_file} > {iso_file}
ISO - DOS:	tr '\340-\372' '\200-\232' < {iso_file} > {dos_file}
OLD - DOS:	tr -z '\200-\232' < {old_Hebrew_file} > {dos_file}
</verb></tscreen>

NOTE: 	The numbers use by <tt>tr</tt> are in octal!

<sect>Virtual Consoles (VCs)

<p>Every distribution of Slackware comes with kbd; the package is called 
keytbls under Slackware (a4 in 2.3.0 - kbd 0.90). Joel Hoffman has contributed
Hebrew fonts and keymaps from his original codepage.tar.Z file. Look under 
/usr/lib/kbd for iso08.* files. It follows ISO 8859-8 and the Hebrew keytables
and maps.
<p>Put the following lines in /etc/rc.d/rc.local:
<tscreen><verb>
-----
#!/bin/sh
# 	Put any local setup commands in here
#
INITTY=/dev/tty[1-6]
PATH=/sbin:/etc:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
#
# 	kbd - Set the console font and keyboard
# 	set numlock and set metabit mode on tty1 .. tty8
for tty in $INITTY
do
#	setleds -D +num < $tty > /dev/null
	setmetamode metabit < $tty > /dev/null
done
# 	Latin8(Hebrew) keyboard/console
setfont iso08.f16
mapscrn trivial
loadkeys Hebrew
# 	enable mapping
for tty in $INITTY
do
	echo -n -e "\\033(K" >$tty
done
-----
</verb></tscreen>

NOTE: If you are using X Windows be careful with "setleds", it may hang the X 
server.
<p>The above setup works fine with the Hebrew version of pico (pine) and 
displays correctly ISO 8859-8 Hebrew (X Windows, MS Windows).

<sect>X Windows setup - XFree86 3.1

<sect1>Hebrew fonts.

<p>XFree86 3.1 comes with two Hebrew fonts: heb6x13, heb8x13. Additional 
Hebrew fonts can be found on the Net:
<itemize>
<item><label id="heb-fonts">The web Type1 fonts (Helvetica/David style 
(proportional) and Courier/Shalom Stick style (fixed space) ) from the 
snunit-project archive at <url url="ftp://snunit.huji.ac.il/pub/fonts/" 
name="ftp://snunit.huji.ac.il/pub/fonts/">, it's good for netscape Hebrew 
pages.
<item>Avner Lottem, (<htmlurl url="mailto:lottem@techUnix.technion.ac.il" 
name="lottem@techUnix.technion.ac.il">) put some Hebrew-ISO 8859-8 fonts 
on archive at 
<url url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/" 
name="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/hebxfonts-0.1.tgz">, 
it has a font that's good for dosemu under X-Windows (read his README file).
</itemize>

<sect1>Installing fonts<label id="install-fonts">

<p><itemize>
<item><label id="X11-Fonts">Fonts exaptable: pcf (Portable Compiled Format), 
bdf (Bitmap Distribution Format), pfb (Type1 fonts).

<item>Move the fonts to some existing directory (/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc) or 
create a new one (/usr/lib/X11/fonts/Hebrew). <tt/compress/ (to *.Z) the fonts 
to save space (NOT GZIP!!!).

<item>Run the <tt/mkfontdir/ to create/re-create the <tt/fonts.dir/ and edit 
<tt/fonts.alias/ (optional) to define new aliases. 

<item>For Type1 fonts, <tt>mkfontdir</tt> does nothing. You have to add these 
fonts to <tt>fonts.dir</tt> manually.

<item>Make sure that the directory is in the X server path. Edit the 
XF86Config and add the appropriate path -- FontPath 
"/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/...". 
</itemize>

<sect1>Making an X application to use Hebrew fonts.

<p>In short you need to set the appropriate resource.

<sect2>Xterm
<p>Put the following line in the &dollar;HOME/.Xresources:

<tt>xterm*font:	heb8x13</tt><label id="xterm-font">

or simply start xterm with <tt/xterm -fn heb8x13/
The above font is way too small, so search for a better one ...
See the comments/examples on starting X11.
<sect2>Netscape
<p>Usaly you can use the hebrew fonts from <ref id="heb-fonts" 
name="snunit - webfonts">, Install it <ref id="install-fonts" 
name="as described">, and then put the next defaults in your local 
<tt/.Xdefaults/ or in the app-defaults/Netscape.
<tscreen><verb>
----
*documentFonts.latin1.variable.italic*slant:    	r
*documentFonts.latin1.variable.boldItalic*slant:        r
*documentFonts.latin1.variable*family:  		web
*documentFonts.latin1.fixed*family:     		webmono
*documentFonts.latin1*registry: 			iso8859
*documentFonts.latin1*encoding: 			8
----
</verb></tscreen>
In general you can put any fonts insted of the webfonts files as long as
its supported by X11 <ref id="X11-Fonts" name="as described">.
<sect1>Mapping the keyboard.

<p>For some reason the X server doesn't inherit the keymap from the previous 
paragraph, and anyway I would like to define ALT Left and ALT Right and Scroll
Lock. When pressing ALT together with some key it will generate a Hebrew 
character, Scroll Lock will lock in Hebrew mode.

To do that we need to use <tt/xmodmap/. Following is a Xmodmap which also 
corrects the bugs with the "Num Lock":
<tscreen><verb>
-----
! Hebrew key mapping for XFree86 (for US/Hebrew keyboards).
! By Vlad Moseanu
!
keysym Alt_L = Mode_switch
keysym Alt_R = Mode_switch
!clear Mod1
clear Mod2
!add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
!
! Set the mapping for each key
!
keycode   8 =
keycode   9 = Escape
keycode  10 = 1 exclam
keycode  11 = 2 at
keycode  12 = 3 numbersign
keycode  13 = 4 dollar
keycode  14 = 5 percent
keycode  15 = 6 asciicircum
keycode  16 = 7 ampersand
keycode  17 = 8 asterisk
keycode  18 = 9 parenleft
keycode  19 = 0 parenright
keycode  20 = minus underscore
keycode  21 = equal plus
keycode  22 = Delete
keycode  23 = Tab
keycode  24 = q Q slash Q
keycode  25 = w W apostrophe W
keycode  26 = e E 0x00f7 E 
keycode  27 = r R 0x00f8 R 
keycode  28 = t T 0x00e0 T 
keycode  29 = y Y 0x00e8 Y 
keycode  30 = u U 0x00e5 U 
keycode  31 = i I 0x00ef I 
keycode  32 = o O 0x00ed O 
keycode  33 = p P 0x00f4 P 
keycode  34 = bracketleft braceleft
keycode  35 = bracketright braceright
keycode  36 = Return
keycode  37 = Control_L
keycode  38 = a A 0x00f9 A 
keycode  39 = s S 0x00e3 S 
keycode  40 = d D 0x00e2 D 
keycode  41 = f F 0x00eb F 
keycode  42 = g G 0x00f2 G 
keycode  43 = h H 0x00e9 H 
keycode  44 = j J 0x00e7 J 
keycode  45 = k K 0x00ec K 
keycode  46 = l L 0x00ea L 
keycode  47 = semicolon colon 0x00f3 colon 
keycode  48 = apostrophe quotedbl comma quotedbl
keycode  49 = grave asciitilde semicolon asciitilde
keycode  50 = Shift_L
keycode  51 = backslash bar
keycode  52 = z Z 0x00e6 Z 
keycode  53 = x X 0x00f1 X 
keycode  54 = c C 0x00e1 C 
keycode  55 = v V 0x00e4 V 
keycode  56 = b B 0x00f0 B 
keycode  57 = n N 0x00ee N 
keycode  58 = m M 0x00f6 M 
keycode  59 = comma less 0x00fa less 
keycode  60 = period greater 0x00f5 greater 
keycode  61 = slash question period question
keycode  62 = Shift_R
keycode  63 = KP_Multiply
!keycode  64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode  65 = space
keycode  66 = Caps_Lock
keycode  67 = F1
keycode  68 = F2
keycode  69 = F3
keycode  70 = F4
keycode  71 = F5
keycode  72 = F6
keycode  73 = F7
keycode  74 = F8
keycode  75 = Escape
keycode  76 = F10
keycode  77 = Num_Lock
keycode  78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode  79 = KP_7
keycode  80 = KP_8
keycode  81 = KP_9
keycode  82 = KP_Subtract
keycode  83 = KP_4
keycode  84 = KP_5
keycode  85 = KP_6
keycode  86 = KP_Add
keycode  87 = KP_1
keycode  88 = KP_2
keycode  89 = KP_3
keycode  90 = KP_0
keycode  91 = KP_Decimal
keycode  92 = Sys_Req
keycode  93 =
keycode  94 =
keycode  95 = F11
keycode  96 = F12
keycode  97 = Home
keycode  98 = Up
keycode  99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 101 = Begin
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 103 = End
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
keycode 107 = Delete
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 110 = Pause
keycode 111 = Print
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
!keycode 113 = Alt_R Meta_R
keycode 114 = Break
!
! This xmodmap file can be use to set the correct numerical keypad mapping
! when "ServerNumLock" is set in the XF86Config file.  In this case the
! Xserver takes care of the Num Lock processing.
!
!
keycode  136 = KP_7
keycode  137 = KP_8
keycode  138 = KP_9
keycode  139 = KP_4
keycode  140 = KP_5
keycode  141 = KP_6
keycode  142 = KP_1
keycode  143 = KP_2
keycode  144 = KP_3
keycode  145 = KP_0
keycode  146 = KP_Decimal
keycode  147 = Home
keycode  148 = Up
keycode  149 = Prior
keycode  150 = Left
keycode  151 = Begin
keycode  152 = Right
keycode  153 = End
keycode  154 = Down
keycode  155 = Next
keycode  156 = Insert
keycode  157 = Delete
-----
</verb></tscreen>

To use the Xmodmap above define "Scroll-Lock  Mode-Lock" in the XF86Config.

<sect1>Integrating all the above, examples.

<p>If you are using xdm a &dollar;HOME/.xsession should look like the following:
<tscreen><verb>
-----
#!/bin/sh
# $XConsortium: Xsession,v 1.9 92/08/29 16:24:57 gildea Exp $
# 
# General defs
#
export OPENWINHOME=/usr/openwin
export MANPATH=/usr/local/man:/usr/man/preformat:/usr/man:/usr/X11R6/man
#export HOSTNAME="`cat /etc/HOSTNAME`"
export PATH="/bin: /usr/bin: /usr/X11/bin: /usr/X386/bin: /usr/TeX/bini: /usr/local/bin: /usr/games:."
LESS=-MM
if [ -z $XAPPLRESDIR ]; then
	XAPPLRESDIR=/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults:/usr/local/lib/X11/app-defaults
else
	XAPPLRESDIR=$XAPPLRESDIR:/usr/lib/X11/app-defaults
fi
export XAPPLRESDIR
#
sysresources=/usr/lib/X11/Xresources
sysmodmap=/usr/lib/X11/Xmodmap
resources=$HOME/.Xresources
xmodmap=$HOME/.Xmodmap
if [ -f $sysresources ]; then
	xrdb -merge $sysresources
fi
if [ -f $sysmodmap ]; then
	xmodmap $sysmodmap
fi
if [ -f $resources ]; then
	xrdb -merge $resources
fi
if [ -f $xmodmap ]; then
	xmodmap $xmodmap
fi
#
# Start applications
#
# xterm -ls -sb &
xhost +			# look out !!!
exec fvwm
-----
</verb></tscreen>

If you prefer <tt/startx/ use the above as an example for <tt/.xinitrc/.
  
<sect>Shells setup.

<p>For more details read the <ref id="ISO" name="ISO 8859-1"> HOWTO.

<sect1>bash

<p>Create a &dollar;HOME/.inputrc contain the following:

<tscreen><verb>
-----
set meta-flag On
set convert-meta Off
set output-meta On
-----
</verb></tscreen>

<sect1>tcsh

<p>Define the following in the &dollar;HOME/.login or /etc/csh.login:
<tt>	setenv LANG iw_IL.ISO8859-8 (or iw_IL)</tt>
Actually because the binary version of tcsh is complied without nls the LANG 
can be set to anything and it will still work (no need for /usr/lib/nls...). 
The lang. name also shows my Digital bias ...

<sect>Applications

<sect1>Vim

<p><itemize>
<item>The Vim is a Vi IMproved editor with some enhanced commands and the
hebrew support was made bu Dov Grobgeld (HED developer).
<item>Another Vim patch announced by Avner Lottem, <htmlurl 
url="mailto:lottem@techunix.technion.ac.il" 
name="lottem@techunix.technion.ac.il"> and can be obtained from <url
url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/vi/vim3.0-rlh0.1.tgz"
name="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps/editors/vi/vim3.0-rlh0.1.tgz">.
<item>For more info, you can look at <url 
url="http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gil/var.html" 
name="http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gil/var.html">
</itemize>
<sect1>Hebrew pine and pico
<p><label id="horizon">The pine and it's additional editor pico had been changed by Helen Zommer 
from CC-huji and has a bug-report mail: <htmlurl 
url="mailto:pineh-bug@horizon.cc.huji.ac.il" 
name="pineh-bug@horizon.cc.huji.ac.il">. It can be down-loaded from <url 
url="ftp://horizon.cc.huji.ac.il/pub" name="ftp://horizon.cc.huji.ac.il/pub">.

<sect1>Some emacs Hebrew ports.

<p><itemize>
<item>Hebrew package by Joseph Friedman. It includes some Hebrew fonts in BDF 
format, patch for emacs 18.58 and an elisp package. It is fine, but nobody 
uses emacs 18.* anymore. It can be obtained from: 
<url 
url="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/misc/Hebrew.tar.Z" 
name="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/misc/Hebrew.tar.Z">.
<item>A very simple Hebrew package. Includes only right-to-left cursor movement
support and right-to-left sorting. Works without any patches with FSF emacs 
19. Can be obtained from 
<url url="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/misc/Hebrew.el.Z" 
name="ftp://archive.cis.ohio-state.edu/pub/gnu/emacs/elisp-archive/misc/Hebrew.el.Z">.
<item>One of emacs branches - MULE (Multi Lingual Emacs) Supports a lot of 
languages including Hebrew. It compiles and runs under Linux with no problem. 
It is full Emacs, with Hebrew support and double-direction handling. It can be 
obtained from: <url url="ftp://kelim.jct.ac.il/pub/Hebrew" 
name="ftp://kelim.jct.ac.il/pub/Hebrew">
</itemize>

<sect1>Dosemu

<p>For a VC dosemu you can use your Hebrew from the Video card EPROM, and if 
you don't have it there are plenty of Hebrew dos fonts from EGA support to 
the VGA Hebrew support.
<p>For X-Windows support you should download the file:
<url url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/hebxfonts-0.1.tgz" 
name="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/X11/fonts/hebxfonts-0.1.tgz">
it's contain some fonts include one called vgah.pcf that you should install 
it on your fonts directory as describe <ref id="install-fonts" name="above">
the fonts are:

<sect1>XHTerm

<p>There is a main port of the regular X-Term program for use with a Hebrew 
fonts - XHTerm =  xterm +  Hebrew support. The port for a sun machine was 
made avalible by the help of Danny <htmlurl url="mailto:danny@cs.huji.ac.il" 
name="<tt>danny@cs.huji.ac.il</tt>">. Evgeny has some patch for use this port 
under Linux. His version should come with a pre-compiled XHTerm for both 
X11R5 and X11R6. You should use xhterm with the option <tt/-fn/ and a Hebrew 
font <ref id="xterm-font" name="as described">!
Danny's port (for SUN) can be obtained from: 
<url url="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/local/xhterm" 
name="ftp://ftp.huji.ac.il/pub/local/xhterm">
and the patched version of Evgeny Stambulchik is on: 
<url url="ftp://plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/linux" 
name="ftp://plasma-gate.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/linux">
Get it from there and you'll get 5 <ref id="install-fonts" name="fonts with 
it">: <tt>[heb10x20.pcf, heb6x13.bdf, heb6x13.pcf, heb8x13.bdf, heb8x13.pcf]</tt>

<sect1>TeX--XeT - Hebrew Tex.

<p>The bigest problem with Tex with Hebrew is that the charecters should go 
backwards relative to Visual look (i.e. pico inserts the charecters from 
right to left), so the best thing is to get XHterm with a regular emacs and 
write the Hebrew left to right, backwards as well. 
<p>The newer NTeX distribution on sunsite (v1.5) includes everything, including
TeX--XeT, precompiled for Linux. It can be obtained from 
<url url="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu.gz/pub/Linux/apps/tex/ntex" 
name="ftp://sunsite.unc.edu.gz/pub/Linux/apps/tex/ntex">. An older version of 
TeX--XeT can be obtained from 
<url url="ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex" name="ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex">. This
older version, however, has to be recompiled (not recommended).
<p>These TeX distributions are fine if you use LaTeX2.09. If you want to use
LaTeX2e (the current de facto standard) you have a problem.
Alon Ziv <htmlurl url="mailto:alonz@csa.cs.technion.ac.il" 
name="(alonz@csa.cs.technion.ac.il)"> is currently working in support for
LaTeX2e with Hebrew, using the Babel languages system. I don't know the
current status of his work -- ask him!

<sect>Printer setup

<p>Mainly there is not to say, if you have a regular ASCII line printer
(who does, these days?) there is a good chance that there are Hebrew fonts
in it on the <tt>EPROM</tt> chip.
<p>If you use PostScript, you should download soft fonts to the printer (you
can always use the <ref id="heb-fonts" name="earlier mentioned"> Web fonts for
that. These fonts are also useable with Ghostscript).
<p>If you have a PCL printer (LaserJet etc.), you can either use font 
cartridges or use Ghostscript.

<sect>Commercial products.

<sect1>El-Mar software.
<p>The Hebrew Support for X-Windows &amp; Motif, is a product of El-Mar
Software, which adds Hebrew functionality to many of the parts and layers of
X-Windows and Motif, including Xlib, all of the widgets of Motif, hterm
(Hebrew xterm), demos and simple useful applications (e.g. bi-lingual
Motif-based editor), fonts (including scalable Type1), keyboard-manager in
order to allow Hebrew and push-mode for non-Motif applications, etc. 
<p>Despite allowing many new features and variations for Motif widgets, the 
support doesn't have any modification to internal data-structures of Motif, so
existing applications which were compiled and linked under non-Hebrew
environment and libraries, can be relinked (without compilation!) and run
with Hebrew (you can replace shared-libraries, so even the relink is not
needed!) 
<p>By using another tool of us, Motif/Xplorer, you can take commercial
applications (without their source) and translate them to Hebrew. This was
the way of giving Hebrew support for Oracle Forms 4, Intellicorp's Kappa and
OMW, CA-Unicenter, and many other leading UNIX tools sold in Israel. This
product was purchased and adopted by most of the workstation vendors (9 of
them, including the biggest: Sun, HP, SGI), and many other software houses.
There are Makefiles for more than 30 platforms and operating systems. 
<p>We believe only in open software, so all the customers get the compelete 
source code. We have good relations with the leading forces in this industry,
including the technical staff of X-Consortium and the technical staff of
COSE.

<tscreen><verb>
Eli Marmor
El-Mar Software Ltd.
Voice: 050-237338
FAX: 09-984279
</verb></tscreen>
<htmlurl 
url="mailto:marmor@sunshine.cs.biu.ac.il" 
name="marmor@sunshine.cs.biu.ac.il">

P.S.: The announcement of the Arabic Support for X-Windows &amp; Motif, is expected
in January. English, Hebrew, and Arabic will be handled by 8 bits (!),
including the full set of Arabic glyphes.

<sect> Hebrew around the Internet.

<sect1>WWW

<p><itemize>
<item>Jerusalem 1 - has many program and FAQ files about Hebrew on Unix and 
other platforms <url url="http://www.jer1.co.il" name="http://www.jer1.co.il">.
<item>Gili Granot's Hebrew archive page - sumerize of all Hebrew related 
issues around the Web (include all kind of files) 
<url url="http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gil" 
name="http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~gil">.
<item>Gavrie has some info about Hebrew on his ftp site: <url 
url="ftp://kelim.jct.ac.il" name="ftp://kelim.jct.ac.il">
</itemize>

<sect1>Gopher

<p><itemize>
<item>A one word testing for Hebrew-gopher can be found on <url 
url="gopher://shekel.jct.ac.il" name="gopher://shekel.jct.ac.il">
</itemize>

<sect1>Ftp

<p><itemize>
<item>Some Tex-Xet programs and the main FTP site for Tex Hebrew support for 
PC and Unix is at <url url="ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex" 
name="ftp://noa.huji.ac.il/tex">.
<item>Horizon site as <ref id="horizon" name="said allready"> contains the 
main site of pine/pico Hebrew support - <url url="ftp://horizon.huji.ac.il/pub"
name="ftp://horizon.huji.ac.il/pub">.
<item>Gili Granot's Hebrew archive page ftp site is at <url 
url="ftp://ssl.cs.technion.ac.il/pub" name="ftp://ssl.cs.technion.ac.il/pub">.
</itemize>
</article>
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