mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
1160 lines
47 KiB
XML
1160 lines
47 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd" [
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]>
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<article id="Tamil-Linux-HOWTO">
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<!-- Headings {{{1 -->
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<articleinfo>
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<title>Tamil Linux HOWTO</title>
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<author>
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<firstname>V.</firstname>
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<surname>Venkataramanan</surname>
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<affiliation>
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<address>
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<email>venkat@tamillinux.org</email>
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</address>
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</affiliation>
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</author>
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<pubdate>
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Jan 2003
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</pubdate>
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<copyright>
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<year>2002, 2003</year>
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<holder>V. Venkataramanan</holder>
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</copyright>
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<revhistory id="revhistory">
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<revision>
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<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
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<date>2003-02-14</date>
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<authorinitials>venkat</authorinitials>
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<revremark>Initial release, reviewed by LDP</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.9</revnumber>
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<date>2003-1-21</date>
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<authorinitials>venkat</authorinitials>
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<revremark>Changes made to comply to TDLP specs.</revremark>
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</revision>
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<revision>
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<revnumber>0.8</revnumber>
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<date>2002-10-24</date>
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<authorinitials>venkat</authorinitials>
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<revremark>First draft</revremark>
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</revision>
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</revhistory>
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<othercredit role='converter'>
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<firstname>D</firstname>
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<surname>Sivaraj</surname>
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<contrib>Initial conversion from LaTeX to Docbook XML</contrib>
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</othercredit>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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This document will help set up a working Tamil Linux environment. This describes setting up fonts, keyboard drivers, editing and printing Tamil/bilingual documents, and working with the X Window system. The information is kept as generic as possible. When it pertains to a specific distribution (say RedHat or Debian), it is explicitly noted.
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</para>
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</abstract>
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</articleinfo>
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<!-- Preamble {{{1 -->
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<sect1>
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<title>About this HOWTO</title>
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<sect2><title>Purpose/Scope of this HOWTO</title>
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<para>
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This document will help set up a working Tamil Linux environment.
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Step-by-step instructions are provided for setting up fonts, editors,
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etc. This document also describes the essential instructions need to
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use web browsers, edit documents and print them.
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</para>
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<para>The base URL of this document is:
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<ulink url="http://www.tamillinux.org/doc/">
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</ulink>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Feedback</title>
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<para>
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Comments and suggestions about this document may be directed to the author
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(<email>venkat@tamillinux.org</email>)
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Copyright and License</title>
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<para>© 2002, 2003 V.Venkataramanan.</para>
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<para>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or
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modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free
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Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version
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published by the Free Software Foundation; with no invariant
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Front-Cover text, no Back-Cover text and no invarient sections.
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</para>
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<para>
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A verbatim copy of the license can be obtained from the Free Software
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Foundation Website at
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<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl.html"></ulink>
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2><title>Acknowledgements</title>
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<para>Several postings by the following people were useful in
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writing this document. The following people are thanked for all
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their help:</para>
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<para><emphasis>Thuraiappah Vaseeharan, D. Sivaraj, Sivakumar
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Shanmugasundaram, Dinesh Nadarajah, Anbumani Subramanian,
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Ganesan Rajagopal, M.K. Saravanan,...</emphasis></para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- Introduction {{{1 -->
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<sect1>
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<title>Introduction</title>
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<para>Tamil is a member of the Dravidian languages. Its
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origin is in southern India and the language is written with non-Roman
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alphabets. So there is a need for special fonts, encoding,
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keyboard layout and drivers, besides localization, including
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currency, date format, etc. This document will give a complete
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overview of setting up and working in the Tamil Linux
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environment. There are several pieces of information and tools
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available for Linux in Tamil; this how-to will serve as a
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meta-index to all the scattered resources.</para>
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<para>A word before you enter - most of the fonts, tools, RPMs
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and documents are being gathered under one site. So try the
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resources at
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<ulink url="http://tamil.homelinux.org"></ulink>
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before you embark on treasure-hunting.</para>
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</sect1>
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<!-- Fonts {{{1 -->
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<sect1>
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<title>Fonts</title>
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<para>It can seem like anarchy. There are an unknown number of fonts, each
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encoded with their own tables, driven by arbitrary keyboard
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layouts and outputs. In my opinion, Tamil can seriously compete
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with any other language for maximum number of font tables.
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Added to this commotion are the dynamic fonts for the web
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pages, that enable anyone to get away with a non-standard font
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as long as his pages are viewable.</para>
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<para>Adding to all these is the official Indian Standard Code
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for Information Interchange (ISCII), the Government of India
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sponsored <quote>unifying</quote>
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scheme to bring all Indian fonts under the Devanagari umbrella.
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Anyone familiar with the way the characters are written in
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Tamil and in Devanagari script will understand the lack of any
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rationale in this approach.</para>
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<para>Needless to say, this is serving to only add to the
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confusion. A good analysis of this and the unicode for Tamil is
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once again written by Sivaraj and can be found at
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<ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/people/sivaraj/tamil_unicode.html">
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</ulink>. For those not familiar with the Tamil script, a good
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introduction written by Sivaraj is at
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<ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/people/sivaraj/write-tamil.html">
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</ulink>.</para>
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<para>Let us ignore the anarchy for a moment and get a picture
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of the frequently used font encodings. There are two main
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contenders and luckily they will converge soon. The first and
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most popular one is the Tamil Standard Code for Information
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Interchange (TSCII), developed by volunteers throughout the world,
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and the other, TAmil Monolingual (TAM), and TAmil Bilingual
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(TAB) encodings, were proposed by the Tamil Nadu Government. Once
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again, TAM is of limited use in an OS environment and we can
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safely ignore that. Almost all Linux efforts are in TSCII
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(Console, KDE, GNOME localizations).</para>
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<!-- TSCII {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>TSCII</title>
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<para>TSCII is a glyph-based, 8-bit bilingual encoding. It
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uses a unique set of glyphs; the usual lower ASCII set.
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Roman letters with standard punctuation marks occupy the
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first 128 slots and the Tamil glyphs occupy the
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<emphasis>upper ASCII</emphasis>
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segment (slots 128-256). A good overview of the early font
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encoding schemes and a the rationale behind the TSCII
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approach can be found at
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<ulink url="http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/tscii.html"></ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>The home URL for TSCII volunteers is
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<ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/tscii"></ulink>.
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This site discusses the TSCII
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encoding and provides tools including fonts, keyboard
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drivers, editors and inter-conversion tools for various
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platforms. The font encoding table according to TSCII-1.6 can be
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found at <ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/tscii/charset16.gif"></ulink>.
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</para>
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<para>The current version of TSCII is 1.6, and a revision is
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expected anytime now that will fix some anomalies in using
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various slots for encoding. This version 1.7 will be fully
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backward compatible with 1.6 and is expected to gain
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popularity. The <ulink url="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tscii">
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TSCII discussion group</ulink> currently brainstorms on
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modifications to TSCII-1.6. You may be able to participate in
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the discussions by becoming a member. You may also be
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able to download various beta tools from there. The font encoding
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table according to TSCII-1.7 (draft) can be found at
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<ulink url="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tscii/files/charset17_a.gif">
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</ulink>.</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- TAB {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>TAB</title>
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<para>TAB is a character based bilingual standard proposed by
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the government of Tamil Nadu. The TAB bilingual encoding table can be
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found at <ulink url="http://www.tamilnet99.org/annex4.htm"></ulink>.
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Tools for TAB encoding (mostly restricted to the Windows
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platform) can also be downloaded in the vicinity of this page.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- Misc Fonts {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>Miscellaneous fonts and encodings</title>
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<para>
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There are too many types, and unfortunately they are not documented well.
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It is beyond the scope of this document to discuss them.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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</sect1>
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<!-- Console Tamil {{{1 -->
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<sect1>
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<title>Console Tamil</title>
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<para>This so far has been a one man effort - once again by
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Sivaraj. He has written a set of console tools for Tamil that
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include a monospace font, keyboard driver and locale setup. In
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his words:</para>
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<blockquote>
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<attribution>Sivaraj</attribution>
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<para>You can use it with Lynx to read any TSCII-based
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web sites or Pico to email in TSCII. Some characters may be disoriented,
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since I try to fit all the characters in an
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8x16 cell. But it is still readable.
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</para></blockquote>
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<para>The tools can be downloaded <ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/people/sivaraj/">here</ulink>. Follow the instructions in the REAME file to install and use.</para>
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</sect1>
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<!-- X Window {{{1 -->
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<sect1>
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<title>X Window</title>
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<para>Welcome! This is where you will find the most useful
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tools for Tamil. Even for basic users, it is now possible to
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have close to a total Tamil-localized office suite.
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Tamil GUI is achieved in KDE or GNOME environment with localization
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settings (more about this later in this document), and Tamil character
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input is achieved using keymanager programs. But first you need to get
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some fonts to do all this.</para>
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<!-- Installing fonts {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>Installing fonts</title>
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<para>Linux, by default, uses <quote>pcf</quote> fonts and one can also
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use <quote>bsd</quote> fonts; these are bitmapped fonts that display
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under X and can be printed. But, as is common with all bitmapped
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fonts, these are not always <acronym>WYSIWYG</acronym> in print. For
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high-quality printing you need <quote>Type-I</quote> fonts (Adobe), with
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Ghostscript you need PS fonts and for <quote>afm</quote> fonts (American
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Font metrics) are used. But most of the Tamil fonts
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that are freely available are TrueType (ttf). We will see next
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how to get all these fonts working.</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- Bitmapped fonts {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>Bitmapped fonts</title>
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<para>A bitmapped font is a matrix of dots; because of this,
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these fonts are device-independent. A 75 dpi font, which is
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good enough for displaying, is still a 75 dpi font in your
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1200 dpi printer. So usually bitmapped fonts are created for
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a specific purpose, such as for displaying on a monitor or for
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printing. Linux usually uses <varname>bdf</varname> or
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<varname>pcf</varname> font for console or X
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display. Fonts like those created by <application>dvips</application>
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or <application>dvi</application> are
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printer-related bitmapped fonts. These fonts occupy large sizes, but
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programs circumvent this by dynamically creating them as
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and when they are needed, and at a specific resolution.</para>
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<para>You can get bitmapped Tamil fonts for various
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applications from:
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<ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/tscii/tsciitools/tsciifonts.tar.Z">
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</ulink></para>
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<para>When an application makes a font request to the X Server,
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XFree86 looks for fonts in specific directories. This means
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that when you add fonts to your system and you want them to
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be recognized by X Server, you need to tell X about the
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location of these fonts. Simply add a directory to
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your font path with the commands:</para>
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<para><screen>
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mkfontdir
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xset fp+ <directory>
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</screen></para>
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<para>where the family directory is the name of the directory
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where you have fonts. Once you have done this you have to ask
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the server to get this registered for the session, with the
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command</para>
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<para><command>xset fp rehash</command></para>
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<para> Since you will want these commands to run automatically, you should put them in your <filename>.xinitrc </filename> file ( or possibly your <filename>.Xclients</filename> or <filename>.xsession</filename> file -- this depends on how you start X. Another way to have the commands set automatically is edit <filename>XF86Config</filename>. For example, to add <command> /usr/share/fonts/myfonts </command> to the font path when X is started, edit <filename>XF86Config</filename> like this:</para>
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<para> <screen>
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...
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Section "Files"
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...
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FontPath /usr/share/fonts/myfonts
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...
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EndSection
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...
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</screen></para>
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<para>The advantage of editing <filename> XF86Config </filename> is that the resulting changes are system wide.</para>
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</sect2>
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<!-- Truetype fonts {{{2 -->
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<sect2>
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<title>TrueType fonts</title>
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<para>You may get TrueType fonts for TSCII, TAB and
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TSCII1.7 encoding from the download section of
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<ulink url="http://tamil.homelinux.org/"></ulink>.
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Alternate sources for these fonts are</para>
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<para>TSCII - <ulink url="http://www.tamil.net/tscii/"></ulink>
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</para>
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<para>TAB - <ulink url="http://www.tamilnet99.org/"></ulink> and
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<ulink url="http://www.thinnai.com"></ulink></para>
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<para>TSCII-1.7 (experimental) -
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<ulink url="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tscii/files/"></ulink>
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</para>
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<para>Installing these fonts are either too easy or too
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difficult. Too easy if you have one of the latest
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distributions, like RedHat7.x or Mandrake7.x. This is because
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RedHat (and Mandrake, maybe SuSE) come with
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<application>xfs</application> pre-packaged. It is also easy to find
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<application>xfs</application> for Debian, but as far as I know,
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Debian does not come with <application>xfs</application>
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packaged.</para>
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<para>Debian users are now redirected to this mini-howto on
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TrueType fonts in Debian -
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/TT-Debian-3.html"></ulink>
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</para>
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<para>There is also another utility, <application>xfstt</application>,
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which is easier to install and use, but <application>xfs</application>
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is becoming popular as it can handle Adobe Type1 in addition to
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TrueType fonts.
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</para>
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<para>If you do not have either of these, consider getting
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either <application>xfs</application> (not to be confused with
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Silicon Graphics (SGI) sponsored XFS journaling file system) from
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<ulink url="http://www.xfree86.org"></ulink>.</para>
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<para>or <application>xfstt</application> from
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<ulink url="http://www.dcs.ed.ac.uk/home/jec/programs/xfsft/"></ulink>.
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You may also get <application>xfstt</application> binaries from
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<ulink url="http://independence.seul.org/"></ulink>,
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or reading an article about <application>xfstt</application> in the
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Linux Gazette at
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<ulink url="http://www.linuxgazette.com/issue28/ayers1.html">
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</ulink></para>
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<sect3>
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<title>Installing TrueType Fonts</title>
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<para>You need to run these commands as root. If you are currently
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logged in as a normal user, you can use <command>su</command> to
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do this now.</para>
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<para>You should now have <application>xfs</application> availability,
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otherwise use the steps in the previous section to obtain it.</para>
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<para>In some distributions like Mandrake, installing
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TrueType fonts is a cakewalk. Just go to <emphasis>DrakConf</emphasis>
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and use the font install utility - follow a few easy steps there and
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you'll have them all.</para>
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<para>Put your TrueType fonts in whatever directory you want. For
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example, <filename class="directory">/usr/share/tamiltt</filename>.
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</para>
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<para>From within the directory containing your
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new fonts, type:</para>
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<para><command>ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scale</command></para>
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<para>This makes a file that will contain the necessary
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information about the fonts for the xfs server. The option
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<option>-m 50</option> specifies the magnification for the fonts;
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I have seen some Tamil fonts working well only with
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<option>-m 100</option>.</para>
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<para>Then type:</para>
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<para><command>mkfontdir</command></para>
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<para>Now you can add the new directory to your
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<application>xfs</application> search
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path. Red Hat (and Red Hat-like) distributions come with a
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neat utility to do this called <command>chkfontpath</command>.
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|
Run chkfontpath like this:</para>
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<para><command>chkfontpath --add /usr/share/tamiltt</command></para>
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|
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<para>This will add the new font directory to your font
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path.</para>
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<para>(Other users, who have an <application>xfs</application> font
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server, without <varname>ttf</varname> support, can do this by
|
|
editing their <application>xfs</application> configuration
|
|
file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If <application>xfs</application> is already installed on
|
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your system, you should see which port it is running on. You can
|
|
do this with the following command:</para>
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|
|
|
<para><command>ps ax grep xfs</command></para>
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|
|
|
<para>Then check your XFree86 font path with this
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command:</para>
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|
|
|
<para><command>xset -q</command></para>
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|
|
|
<para>If your font path includes something like <quote>unix:/port
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number,</quote> where port number is the port on which the server
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is running, then you already have <application>xfs</application>
|
|
set up properly. Otherwise, you should add it to your XFree86
|
|
font path with these commands:</para>
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|
|
<para><command>xset fp+ <unix/:port number></command></para>
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|
|
|
<para><command>xset fp rehash</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>The port number is a numerical value, something like
|
|
7100.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<para>You can add the fontpath permanently by editing your
|
|
<filename>.xinitrc</filename>. To add it system-wide,
|
|
edit your XF86Config file (either under
|
|
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>,
|
|
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config-4</filename>,
|
|
<filename>/etc/XF86Config</filename>, or
|
|
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/XF86Config</filename>), by
|
|
adding the following line to the <varname>Files</varname> section:
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>FontPath "unix/:port number"
|
|
</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Here is an example of how it should look:</para>
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
...
|
|
Section Files
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
FontPath "unix/:-1"
|
|
...
|
|
EndSection
|
|
...
|
|
</screen>
|
|
|
|
<para>If <application>xfs</application> is already properly installed,
|
|
then you can restart it like this as root:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>service xfs restart</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>After restarting <application>xfs</application>, it is a good
|
|
idea to restart your X session.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>As most of the users in Tamil will be doing this, let
|
|
me summarize the essential steps.</para>
|
|
|
|
<orderedlist>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Become root.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Download and copy some <varname>ttf</varname> fonts into a
|
|
directory (say <filename class="directory">/usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
|
|
</filename>).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Go to that directory and do a
|
|
<command>ttmkfdir -m 50 -o fonts.scale</command> (use the
|
|
<option>-m 100</option> option if your fonts do not budge).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do a <command>mkfontdir .</command>
|
|
(Notice that you need to specify the
|
|
directory either absolutely or with a dot).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do a <command>chkfontpath --add /usr/share/fonts/tamiltt
|
|
</command>.
|
|
(Remember this command is available only in Red Hat-like
|
|
distributions. If you can run this successfully, skip the
|
|
remaining steps and restart the X server).</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Do <command>ps ax | grep xfs</command> and get
|
|
the <application>xfs</application> port known.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Check your font path: <command>xset -q</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If your font path includes something like <quote>unix:/port
|
|
number</quote>, (something like <quote>unix: 7100</quote>), add this
|
|
to your xfont path:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>xset fp+ unix: port number</command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>xset fp rehash</command></para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>It is a good idea to restart the X Server.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>If everything works fine, update your
|
|
<filename>.xinitrc</filename> file, wherever it is.</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>Have fun!</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</orderedlist>
|
|
|
|
</sect3>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Other font servers {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Other Font Servers</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>There is another project, X-TrueType Server, worth
|
|
looking into, at <ulink url="http://www.io.com/~kazushi/xtt/"></ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Another interesting project with broader scope is
|
|
FreeType; check <ulink url="http://www.freetype.org"></ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>I personally feel <application>xfs</application> is a great
|
|
utility; it can handle Type1 fonts (very useful if you use programs
|
|
like GIMP). Besides, a stand alone <application>xfs</application>
|
|
server is not attached to X server.
|
|
This means that you can deliver these fonts for remote X
|
|
displays. I use this feature extensively with VNC Server
|
|
running in my host and VNC Viewer running locally in Windows.
|
|
It's something of a luxury having a Tamil Linux desktop
|
|
while working for my employer.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Keyboard Drivers {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Keyboard Drivers</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once again, lack of standards shows up here. There are
|
|
quite a few Tamil keyboard layouts, the traditional typewriter
|
|
keyboard; then with the surge of internet arrived the romanized
|
|
transliteration keyboards; later the TAmil-Nadu government played
|
|
its part by prescribing a tamilnet99 keyboard. These are only a
|
|
few to talk about; we have a few others which do not fall into any
|
|
of these <quote>standards.</quote></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are two Tamil keyboard drivers for the X Window System,
|
|
both of them set to tamilnet99 standards (see
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.tamilnet99.org">tamilnet99 website</ulink>
|
|
for the details on the keymap). You will be able to download
|
|
both the keydrivers from the
|
|
<ulink url="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tamilinix/files">
|
|
Yahoo! tamilinix group files section
|
|
</ulink>.</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- tamil_kmap {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>tamil_kmap</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The first driver is <emphasis>tamil_kmap</emphasis>,
|
|
created by Vasee. It is based on the original version of
|
|
Siva. It is operable under both TSCII 1.6 and TAB encodings.
|
|
The detailed installation instructions are given in the
|
|
<filename>README</filename> file in the package. It is very
|
|
simple to install. First, untar the package into a temporary directory.
|
|
Then type:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>cp ta /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/</command>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
then: <command>cp Compose /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/locale/iso8859-1</command>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>and put the shell script <filename>setkb</filename>
|
|
into a directory on your system <envar>PATH</envar> .
|
|
You may need to become <command>root</command>
|
|
to copy these files into these directories.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>To use the Tamil keyboard, type
|
|
<command>setkb tscii</command> or <command>setkb tab</command>.
|
|
From inside the keyboard driver you will be able to switch
|
|
between the two standards, and also between Roman and Tamil
|
|
fonts.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- tamilvp {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>tamilvp</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>The other keyboard driver, <emphasis>tamilvp</emphasis>
|
|
(vp for Visaip Palakai) is written and maintained by
|
|
Dinesh. As indicated above, you may download that from the
|
|
<citetitle>Yahoo! tamilinix group</citetitle> file section.
|
|
It is available as rpm (I have not tried it out yet). Just install
|
|
the rpm and files will be in appropriate locations. To run the
|
|
program type <command>tamilvp</command> and you will get the GUI
|
|
cell to choose between Tamil (TSCII 1.6 or TAB) and English.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- KDE {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>KDE</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Historically, the K Desktop Environment (KDE) was the first
|
|
full Tamil user interface. Though far from complete, KDE was
|
|
there for Tamil, and Tamil among the Indic languages, for the first time.
|
|
Under KDE, with your localization properly set to Tamil, you may be
|
|
able to do almost everything (from editing files, to browsing the web
|
|
and e-mail, to administrative tasks such as user management and task
|
|
scheduling) with a Tamil user interface.</para>
|
|
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Getting Localization Files</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For the newbie, it is very easy to search the web for
|
|
Tamil KDE localizations RPMs. They are usually labelled
|
|
something like <filename>kde-i18n-Tamil-2.0-1mdk.i586.rpm</filename>.
|
|
<varname>i18n</varname> is just that: i(nternationalizatio)n,
|
|
18(18letters). <varname>Tamil</varname> is the
|
|
localization setting corresponding to the Tamil language.
|
|
<varname>mdk</varname> signifies the package for Mandrake distribution.
|
|
Then comes the most important part; <varname>2.0-1</varname>,
|
|
the KDE version number. Your base KDE version and this should be
|
|
the same, so when downloading, make sure that you get the proper
|
|
localized menus for the proper KDE version. <varname>i586</varname>
|
|
signifies the precompiled binaries for the intel 586 platforms. Make sure
|
|
that you get the proper binary (there are usually source rpms
|
|
and rpms for other platforms such as alpha). If you are a
|
|
newbie you are better off using GUI based rpm installer such
|
|
as GNORPM or KPackage. First do a test install and check if
|
|
your system has all the needed packages. If not go to the
|
|
same source from where you downloaded the Tamil localization
|
|
and get them. After making sure that you installed all
|
|
dependencies, install the kde-i18n-tamil package as
|
|
well.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are not a newbie, you know it. Get KDE Tamil
|
|
i18n files, and if you have time, get the sources and compile
|
|
them!</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>KDE localization uses TSCII 1.6 encoding. This means
|
|
that you will need at least one TSCII font. Read the section
|
|
on fonts as to how to get it.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Choosing a Tamil locale {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Choosing a Tamil locale</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This section assumes that have installed at least one
|
|
TSCII font (preferably several, to jazz up your GUI) and the KDE
|
|
Tamil localization package.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>From <guibutton>Start</guibutton>, go to
|
|
<guimenu>configuration</guimenu> >
|
|
<guisubmenu>KDE</guisubmenu> >
|
|
<guimenuitem>Personalization</guimenuitem> and choose
|
|
<guibutton>default</guibutton> (c) location.
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>Tamil/India is yet to be made available under
|
|
countries/languages.</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<guimenu>Choose language</guimenu> ><guisubmenu>other</guisubmenu>
|
|
><guimenuitem>Tamil</guimenuitem>. Accept this. All
|
|
changes will be activated, and will work on all windows opened
|
|
subsequently.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Your user interface is now set in Tamil. If you see
|
|
some garbage on the window header etc., pat yourself on the back. You
|
|
are ready to see Tamil; move on!</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Choosing Tamil fonts for GUI {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Choosing Tamil fonts for GUI</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Again, from <guibutton>Start</guibutton> go to
|
|
<guimenu>configuration</guimenu> ><guisubmenu>KDE</guisubmenu>
|
|
><guimenuitem>LooknFeel</guimenuitem>. You will see a set of
|
|
fonts for most (these are the ones used in display). Choose a Tamil
|
|
font instead for all these. Accept.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Well done, you now see Tamil everywhere on your
|
|
desktop. You are ready, with a fully operational Tamil
|
|
system.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- KDE-Miscellaneous {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>KDE Miscellaneous</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>As with every other project, KDE-Tamil also needs a lot of
|
|
volunteers. Contact either Sivakumar or Vaseeharan (both of
|
|
them can be reached through the egroup</para>
|
|
|
|
<para> Visit <ulink url="http://groups.yahoogroups.com/groups/tamilinix">
|
|
</ulink> before you try KDE Tamil. If you want to convince yourself (and
|
|
be bowled over), view the screenshots from tamillinux.org site.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>KDE's i18n process is unicode-based. As a work around,
|
|
Trolltech's QTsciiCodec class provides conversion to and from
|
|
the Tamil TSCII encoding. This codec uses the mapping table
|
|
found at <ulink url="http://www.geocities.com/Athens/5180/tsciiset.html">
|
|
</ulink>. Unfortunately Tamil uses composed Unicode. As such, Unicode
|
|
fonts cannot be used under KDE-TSCII; you need to have TSCII
|
|
fonts. The TSCII codec was contributed to Qt by Hans Petter
|
|
Bieker <email>bieker@kde.org</email>.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- GNOME {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>GNOME</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>GNOME Tamil localization works have just begun. There are
|
|
few applications for which Tamil menus are translated, and are
|
|
available. But it is yet to become the official member of GNOME
|
|
i18n distribution.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In order to use them, download the currently available files
|
|
from:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://www.tamillinux.org/gnome/gnome.html"></ulink>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>and put them into the directory
|
|
<filename class="directory">/usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/</filename>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Under GNOME Control Panel you have set the fonts (both in
|
|
Themes and the Window Manger applet) to a TSCII font.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You need to create binary messages from the <varname>po</varname>
|
|
files. This is done as follows:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<command>msgfmt xxx.po -o /usr/share/locale/ta/LCMESSAGES/xxx.mo</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Note that the binary messages files contain an extension <filename>.mo</filename>
|
|
as opposed to <filename>.po</filename> for the text file.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>In order for you see Tamil, you have to set the locale to
|
|
Tamil.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you are using bash as your shell, then enter the
|
|
following line in your home directory.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><screen>
|
|
export LANG=ta
|
|
export LANGUAGE=ta
|
|
export LC ALL=ta
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Restart the X server. You should see Tamil menus and
|
|
dialogs in many of the GNOME enabled applications. Once again,
|
|
please consider contributing to the Tamil GNOME Project; we need a
|
|
lot of volunteers. Contact Dinesh <email>(n_dinesh@yahoo.com)</email> or through tamilinix yahoogroups.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Printing {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Printing</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>This section is all about getting high-quality Tamil
|
|
output in printing. While it is one issue to load a binary font
|
|
and start using Tamil in Linux, if your work is
|
|
to destroy the forests, you need high-quality printing too!</para>
|
|
|
|
<!-- LATEX {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>X</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>X
|
|
is perhaps the mother of all typographic systems. It frees the
|
|
author from the trivia of typesetting and concentrate on
|
|
the content. It does not use the <acronym>WYSWYG</acronym> input,
|
|
but the end result is great. Recent developments are centered
|
|
toward internationalization. Unfortunately lack of unicode
|
|
standard does not permit Tamil to be tried under the more
|
|
ambitious Omega Project. Once again, workaround is the only
|
|
way. A first step in Tamil has been attempted by Thuraiappah
|
|
Vaseeharan. You may get the the package from the tamillinux.org
|
|
site. The tar ball contains a great <filename>readme</filename> file that
|
|
describes the installation and usage. The tamiltex package
|
|
does a short work by keeping all related stuff under one
|
|
directory (which means that you need to keep your work under
|
|
the same directory to compile your source files). But the great
|
|
thing about this package is that it is compatible with both
|
|
TSCII and TAB encodings and the results are just what you
|
|
would expect from a
|
|
L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>X
|
|
package - great!</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Postscript {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>Postscript</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Many Linux applications use Ghostscript to print, which
|
|
means that you must have Ghostscript configured if you want
|
|
to use Tamil in printed documents. If
|
|
L<superscript>A</superscript>T<subscript>E</subscript>X
|
|
is there, can PostScript be far away? Not thanks to Vasee.
|
|
Set the environment variable <envar>GS_FONTPATH</envar> to point
|
|
to your TrueType font directory. For example, I have:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><screen>
|
|
GS_FONTPATH=/usr/local/share/fonts/tamiltt
|
|
export GS FONTPATH
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>You should be able to view Tamil PostScript files.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
|
|
<!-- PDF {{{2 -->
|
|
<sect2>
|
|
<title>PDF</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>As of now, the only source to create PDF files is the
|
|
PDF package. If you are able to successfully compile your
|
|
source with the tamiltex package, use</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><command>pdflatex source.tex </command></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>to generate the PDF file. You should be able to view it, using
|
|
<application>xdvi</application> or Adobe's Acroread for Linux.</para>
|
|
</sect2>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Word Processors, Office Packages {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Word Processors, Office Packages</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Once TrueType fonts are installed properly, there is no
|
|
problem using them in Abiword, GNumeric or KOffice. However,
|
|
StarOffice needs Type 1 fonts. (I hear the latest StarOffice
|
|
supports TrueType fonts?). You can expect Type 1 Tamil fonts to
|
|
be available shortly:-).</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>For receiving and sending email, KMail works well with
|
|
TrueType fonts. You should also be able to use PINE with
|
|
Sivaraj's console fonts and utils.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Viewing Web pages {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Viewing Web pages</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>Konquerer supports Tamil fonts neatly, once made at the
|
|
proper scale under your font directory and served to X. Widely
|
|
used Netscape, however, is a problem. Netscape uses only 75 dpi
|
|
fonts for display. You might have noticed this even while
|
|
viewing Roman fonts, and got annoyed seeing small fonts. That
|
|
being the case with Roman, Tamil is impossible to comprehend
|
|
under 75 dpi. This can, however, be fixed by specifying the
|
|
appropriate resources in your <filename>.Xdefaults</filename> file:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><screen>
|
|
Netscape*documentFonts.sizeIncrement: 20
|
|
Netscape*documentFonts.xResolution*iso-8859-1: 150
|
|
Netscape*documentFonts.yResolution.iso-8859-1: 150
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Remember that TSCII fonts are used as ISO-8859-1 fonts.
|
|
The parameter <parameter>150</parameter> is arbitrary; I have seen
|
|
some fonts scaling neatly under <parameter>100</parameter> itself
|
|
(TSCparanar, for one) which is good enough for viewing. If you are
|
|
still not satisfied with what you see, try using anti-aliasing under
|
|
X.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Pango {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Pango</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="http://www.pango.org">Pango</ulink>
|
|
provides an open-source framework for the layout and rendering
|
|
of internationalized text and uses Unicode for all of its
|
|
encoding. It aims to eventually support output in all the major
|
|
languages. When GNOME 2.0 comes out, the text rendering is
|
|
expected to be by Pango. Pango is expected to be the panacea
|
|
for complex font schemes like kanji, arabic/hebrew
|
|
(bidirectional), so Tamil is no problem. Tamil is one of the
|
|
early languages in Pango - right there in the first public
|
|
version. Sivaraj provided TSCII support, which was later
|
|
extended to TAB by Vikram.</para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Miscellaneous {{{1 -->
|
|
<sect1>
|
|
<title>Miscellaneous</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>For the latest news, views and tools in Tamil Linux:</para>
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://tamil.homelinux.org/"></ulink></para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Issues related to Tamil localization are mostly discussed
|
|
at:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/tamilinix/"></ulink>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Under the files section there you may get some tools, few HOWTOs
|
|
(most of those issues are unified in this document already) and some
|
|
tutorials.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>If you want to read about Open Source (Free Software) history in
|
|
Tamil, see:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://www.tamillinux.org/venkat/cover.html"></ulink>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>Ganesan Rajagopal is checking in CVS for Tamil locales
|
|
under the Sourceforge project on Tamil Linux, you may be get
|
|
them from:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<ulink url="http://cvs.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/viewcvs.cgi/tamillinux/locale-ta/"></ulink>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>There is a simple guide to setting up a working Tamil
|
|
Linux environment, addressed to newbies, available at:</para>
|
|
|
|
<para><ulink url="http://www.tamillinux.org/venkat/tamil_inst.html"></ulink></para>
|
|
</sect1>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Appendix: Font Encoding {{{1 -->
|
|
<appendix>
|
|
<title>Appendix of Tamil Font Encodings</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>There are several non-standard font encoding schemes for
|
|
Tamil. Then there are a whole lot of fonts (used mostly by
|
|
publishing houses in Tamil Nadu, such as Vikatan, Kumutham,
|
|
thinamaNi, etc.) which do not comply with any of these. The
|
|
three major font encoding schemes are;</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>TSCII (Tamil Standard Code of Information Interchange -
|
|
currently running in beta version 1.7); the first efforts by
|
|
volunteers throughout world.</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>TAB (TAmil Bilingual); proposed and approved by the Tamil
|
|
Nadu government</para>
|
|
|
|
<literallayout class="monospaced">
|
|
|
|
TSCII 1.6 Encoding Table
|
|
|
|
vowels: a, aa/A, i, ii/I, u, uu/U, e, ee/E, ai, o, oo/O, au, aq
|
|
|
|
consonants: k, ng, c, ny, t, N, th, n^, p, m, y, r, l, v, zh, L, R, n
|
|
|
|
---------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Position | character name | TSCII glyph
|
|
---------|------------------------|----------------------
|
|
Characters 0-127 are as in the standard lower ASCII set
|
|
---------|------------------------|----------------------
|
|
128 80 | c128 | tamil numeral 0
|
|
129 81 | c129 | tamil numeral 1
|
|
130 82 | baseline single quote | tamil numeral 2
|
|
131 83 | florin | tamil numeral 3
|
|
132 84 | baseline double quote | tamil numeral 4
|
|
133 85 | ellipsis | tamil numeral 5
|
|
134 86 | dagger (single) | tamil numeral 6
|
|
135 87 | dagger (double) | tamil numeral 7
|
|
136 88 | circumflex | tamil numeral 8
|
|
137 89 | per mil (thousand) | tamil numeral 9
|
|
138 8A | S caron | modifier for aa/A
|
|
139 8B | left single guillemet | modifier for I
|
|
140 8C | OE ligature | modifier for Ii/I
|
|
141 8D | c141 | modifier for u
|
|
142 8E | c142 | modifier for uu/U
|
|
143 8F | c143 | modifier for e
|
|
144 90 | c144 | modifier for ee/E
|
|
145 91 | open single quote | (left single guillemet)
|
|
146 92 | close single quote | (right single guillemet )
|
|
147 93 | open double quote | (left double guillemet)
|
|
148 94 | close double quote | (right double guillemet )
|
|
149 95 | bullet (large) | tamil numeral 10
|
|
150 96 | en dash | tamil numeral 100
|
|
151 97 | em dash | tamil numeral 1000
|
|
152 98 | tilde | modifier for ai
|
|
153 99 | unregistered trademark | tamil vowel a
|
|
154 9A | s caron | tamil vowel aa/A
|
|
155 9B | right single guillemet | tamil vowel i
|
|
156 9C | oe ligature | tamil vowel ii/Ai
|
|
157 9D | c157 | tamil vowel u
|
|
158 9E | c158 | tamil vowel uu/U
|
|
159 9F | Y diaeresis | tamil vowel e
|
|
160 A0 | non-breaking space | (vacant)
|
|
161 A1 | Spanish inverted ! | tamil vowel ee/E
|
|
162 A2 | cents | tamil vowel ai
|
|
163 A3 | pounds | tamil vowel o
|
|
164 A4 | intl. monetary symbol | tamil vowel oo/O
|
|
165 A5 | yen | tamil vowel au
|
|
166 A6 | broken bar | tamil vowel aq
|
|
167 A7 | section symbol | tamil uyirmei ka
|
|
168 A8 | diaeresis | tamil uyirmei nga
|
|
169 A9 | copyright | copyright
|
|
170 AA | feminine ordinal | tamil uyirmei ca
|
|
171 AB | left double guillemet | tamil uyirmei nya
|
|
172 AC | logicalnot | tamil uyirmei ta
|
|
173 AD | soft hyphen (minus) | tamil uyirmei Na
|
|
174 AE | registered trademark | registered trademark
|
|
175 AF | macron | tamil uyirmei tha
|
|
176 B0 | ring (also degrees) | tamil uyirmei n^a
|
|
177 B1 | plus/minus | tamil uyirmei pa
|
|
178 B2 | superscript 2 | tamil uyirmei ma
|
|
179 B3 | superscript 3 | tamil uyirmei ya
|
|
180 B4 | acute | tamil uyirmei ra
|
|
181 B5 | micro symbol (or mu) | tamil uyirmei la
|
|
182 B6 | pilcrow (paragraph) | tamil uyirmei va
|
|
183 B7 | bullet (small) | bullet (small)
|
|
184 B8 | cedilla | tamil uyirmei zha
|
|
185 B9 | superscript 1 | tamil uyirmei La
|
|
186 BA | masculine ordinal | tamil uyirmei Ra
|
|
187 BB | right double guillemet | tamil uyirmei na
|
|
188 BC | one-fourth | grantha letter ja
|
|
189 BD | one-half | grantha letter sha
|
|
190 BE | three-fourths | grantha letter sa
|
|
191 BF | Spanish inverted ? | grantha letter ha
|
|
192 C0 | A grave | grantha letter ksha
|
|
193 C1 | A acute| | grantha letter sri
|
|
194 C2 | A circumflex | tamil uyirmei ti/di
|
|
195 C3 | A tilde | tamil uyirmei tii/dii
|
|
196 C4 | A diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ku
|
|
197 C5 | A ring | tamil uyirmei ngu
|
|
198 C6 | AE ligature | tamil uyirmei cu
|
|
199 C7 | C cedilla | tamil uyirmei nyu
|
|
200 C8 | E grave | tamil uyirmei tu
|
|
201 C9 | E acute | tamil uyirmei Nu
|
|
202 CA | E circumflex | tamil uyirmei thu
|
|
203 CB | E diaeresis | tamil uyirmei n^u
|
|
204 CC | I grave | tamil uyirmei pu
|
|
205 CD | I acute | tamil uyirmei mu
|
|
206 CE | I circumflex | tamil uyirmei yu
|
|
207 CF | I diaeresis | tamil uyirmei ru
|
|
208 D0 | Icelandic Eth | tamil uyirmei lu
|
|
209 D1 | N tilde | tamil uyirmei vu
|
|
210 D2 | O grave | tamil uyirmei zhu
|
|
211 D3 | O acute | tamil uyirmei Lu
|
|
212 D4 | O circumflex | tamil uyirmei Ru
|
|
213 D5 | O tilde | tamil uyirmei nu
|
|
214 D6 | O diaeresis | tamil uyirmei kU
|
|
215 D7 | multiply symbol | tamil uyirmei ngU
|
|
216 D8 | O with oblique stroke | tamil uyirmei cU
|
|
217 D9 | U grave | tamil uyirmei nyU
|
|
218 DA | U acute | tamil uyirmei tU
|
|
219 DB | U circumflex | tamil uyirmei NU
|
|
220 DC | U diaeresis | tamil uyirmei thU
|
|
221 DD | Y acute | tamil uyirmei n^U
|
|
222 DE | Icelandic Thorn | tamil uyirmei pU
|
|
223 DF | German sharp s | tamil uyirmei mU
|
|
224 E0 | a grave | tamil uyirmei yU
|
|
225 E1 | a acute | tamil uyirmei rU
|
|
226 E2 | a circumflex | tamil uyirmei lU
|
|
227 E3 | a tilde | tamil uyirmei vU
|
|
228 E4 | a diaeresis | tamil uyirmei zhU
|
|
229 E5 | a ring | tamil uyirmei LU
|
|
230 E6 | ae ligature | tamil uyirmei RU
|
|
231 E7 | c cedilla | tamil uyirmei nU
|
|
232 E8 | e grave | tamil vowel k (ik)
|
|
233 E9 | e acute | tamil vowel ng (ing)
|
|
234 EA | e circumflex | tamil vowel c (ikc)
|
|
235 EB | e diaeresis | tamil vowel ny (iny)
|
|
236 EC | i grave | tamil vowel t (it)
|
|
237 ED | i acute | tamil vowel N (iN)
|
|
238 EE | i circumflex | tamil vowel th (ith)
|
|
239 EF | i diaeresis | tamil vowel n (in^)
|
|
240 F0 | Icelandic eth | tamil vowel p (ip)
|
|
241 F1 | n tilde | tamil vowel m (im)
|
|
242 F2 | o grave | tamil vowel y (i<)
|
|
243 F3 | o acute | tamil vowel r (ir)
|
|
244 F4 | o circumflex | tamil vowel l (il)
|
|
245 F5 | o tilde | tamil vowel v (iv)
|
|
246 F6 | o diaeresis | tamil vowel zh (izh)
|
|
247 F7 | divide symbol | tamil vowel L (iL)
|
|
248 F8 | o with oblique stroke | tamil vowel R (iR)
|
|
249 F9 | u grave | tamil vowel n (in)
|
|
250 FA | u acute | grantha vowel j (ij)
|
|
251 FB | u circumflex | grantha vowel sh (ish)
|
|
252 FC | u diaeresis | grantha vowel s (is)
|
|
253 FD | y acute | grantha vowel h (ih)
|
|
254 FE | Icelandic thorn | grantha vowel ksh (iksh)
|
|
255 FF | y diaeresis | (vacant)
|
|
---------|------------------------|------------------------
|
|
</literallayout>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</appendix>
|
|
</article>
|