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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.1.2/docbookx.dtd">
<article id="Installfest-HOWTO">
<articleinfo>
<title>Linux Installfest HOWTO</title>
<author>
<firstname>Eric</firstname>
<othername>(AKA Rick)</othername>
<surname>Meyerhoff</surname>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>rick-at-eworld3-dot-net</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<editor>
<firstname>Simon</firstname>
<surname>Gibson</surname>
<contrib>Language Review</contrib>
</editor>
<editor>
<firstname>Emma Jane</firstname>
<surname>Hogbin</surname>
<contrib>Metadata/Markup Review</contrib>
</editor>
<editor>
<firstname>Rick</firstname>
<surname>Moen</surname>
<contrib>Language Review</contrib>
</editor>
<pubdate>2004-06-01</pubdate>
<abstract>
<para>
This document provides some guidelines that should help you
run a successful installfest.
</para>
</abstract>
<revhistory id="revhistory">
<revision>
<revnumber>1.6</revnumber>
<date>2012-01-01</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Annual review and update. Removed references to modems, floppy disks, floppy drives. Updated the GNU Free Documentation License to Version 1.3.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.5</revnumber>
<date>2011-01-06</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Annual review and update.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.4</revnumber>
<date>2010-01-01</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Annual review and update.
Just changed the copyright date.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.3</revnumber>
<date>2006-12-31</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Annual review and update.
Just changed the copyright date and added AKA.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.2</revnumber>
<date>2006-04-12</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added the Translations section, corrected the section number
references in the license and removed the
reference to the defunct www.installfest.org.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.1</revnumber>
<date>2004-09-04</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Added obfuscated email address.
</revremark>
</revision>
<revision>
<revnumber>1.0</revnumber>
<date>2004-06-01</date>
<authorinitials>EM</authorinitials>
<revremark>
Initial release.
Thanks to
Tabatha "CTRL-I" Marshall for all her encouragement.
</revremark>
</revision>
</revhistory>
</articleinfo>
<sect1 id="Introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
This document provides some guidelines that should help you
run a successful installfest.
For purposes of this document, an installfest is a gathering at
which experienced Linux users assist less experienced users with the
installation and configuration of Linux distributions,
and where Linux users can
bring Linux systems to receive assistance with system problem
remediation.
</para>
<para>
Please take from this document whatever you want. It is meant to be
a guide, not a recipe that must be followed exactly
to have a successful installfest.
Any installfest where most of the people leave happy is a
successful event.
</para>
<sect2 id="CopyrightAndLicense">
<title>Copyright and License</title>
<para>
Copyright (c) 2003 through 2012 Eric Meyerhoff.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and
no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
"GNU Free Documentation License".
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Scope">
<title>Scope</title>
<para>
In order to limit the scope of this document, there
are some issues that will <emphasis>not</emphasis> be covered:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>
While other activities may occur at the same time and in
roughly the same location as an installfest, they will not be
considered part of the installfest for the purposes of
this document.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
This document does not include any discussion of
technical issues related to the
installation of any Linux distribution.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
This document does not currently contain any discussion
of installfest
server or network configuration, although such a discussion may be
added to this document in the future. It may be more appropriate
for such information to be contained in a separate HOWTO.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
This document does not contain any discussion of new
user education.
</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Version">
<title>Version</title>
<para>
The current version of this document can be found at
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">
The Linux Documentation Project (http://www.tldp.org)
</ulink>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Translations">
<title>Translations</title>
<para>
You are welcome to translate this document into another language but
please see the TRANSLATIONS section of the license for
information regarding your responsibilities.
</para>
<para>
Also, please work with the helpful and kind people at
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">
The Linux Documentation Project (http://www.tldp.org)
</ulink>
so that you can contribute your translation to the project.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Disclaimer">
<title>Disclaimer</title>
<para>
No liability for the contents of this document can be
accepted. Use the concepts, examples and information at your own
risk. There may be errors and inaccuracies, that could be
damaging to your system. Proceed with caution, and although it
is highly unlikely that accidents will happen because of
following advice or procedures described in this document, the
author(s) take no responsibility for damage claimed to be caused
by doing so.
</para>
<para>
All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners,
unless specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this
document should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any
trademark or service mark. Naming of particular products or
brands should not be seen as endorsements.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="Roles">
<title>Roles</title>
<para>
People involved in an installfest will assume one or more of the
following roles
</para>
<para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term>coordinator</term><listitem><para>
contact for all other participants
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>host</term><listitem><para>
has the connection to the location
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>sponsor</term><listitem><para>
represents an organization that provides the location,
equipment, network, materials, food, beverages, etc. to
the installfest
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>user</term><listitem><para>
needs assistance installing a Linux distribution
or solving a specific problem
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>receptionist</term><listitem><para>
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>
greets people as they come in, gives them a name tag and
has them sign a waiver
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
can direct people to the restrooms,
the nearest computer store
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
orders food and beverages
</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>tier 1 support</term><listitem><para>
people who are knowledgeable about Linux and
are willing to share their knowledge and provide hands-on
assistance to users
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>tier 2 support</term><listitem><para>
sets up and maintains network hardware and
services (DNS, DHCP), mirrors of Linux distributions
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="BeforeDuringAndAfter">
<title>Before, During and After</title>
<para>
This HOWTO has three sections for things you should think about or do
<emphasis>before</emphasis>, <emphasis>during</emphasis>
and <emphasis>after</emphasis>
the day of the installfest. It is assumed
that you will be having installfests periodically and hopefully regularly.
</para>
<sect2 id="Before">
<title>Before (preparation)</title>
<sect3 id="DateTimeAndDuration">
<title>date, time and duration</title>
<para>
In order to reach the most people, fests should be held
on both weekends and weekdays. The time of day is not
as important as the duration of the fest, which should
be 6 to 10 hours. Here is why:
</para>
<para>
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>
some people will not be able to arrive when the fest starts
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
it takes time to get systems moved in, connected,
disconnected and moved out of the working area
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
making sub-systems like sound, printers and other
peripherals function
properly sometimes takes as long as a Linux installation
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
some people want to get some life out of older CPUs but
OS installation takes longer on slower machines
</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Location">
<title>location</title>
<para>
Make sure that the place where your installfest will be held has:
</para>
<para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term>strong tables</term><listitem><para>
Each table may have to hold multiple monitors and computers.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>restrooms</term><listitem><para/></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>chairs</term><listitem><para>
People will want to sit down since they will be at
the fest for several hours.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>Internet access</term><listitem><para>
Some people will want to know that they can access the
Internet from their computer. Some people will need
to download drivers or other software. A lot of helpful
information is available on the Net. There is a list of
Web sites at the end of this document.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>an address that is easy to find</term><listitem><para>
A map and simple directions will help.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>an easy way to get hardware in and out</term><listitem><para>
How will people bring their hardware from their cars
to the installation room? Are
carts and elevators available?
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>sufficient AC power</term><listitem><para>
Try to make sure that you have
enough power for the number of computers that you
expect people to bring. You do not want people
to suddenly lose power because one person too many
turned on his or her computer.
</para><para>
How much power does a computer need?
Laptops need about 0.5 amps.
For a desktop/tower/workstation type of computer
the amount of power needed depends on the monitor,
number of disk drives, etc.
Basically though, if everything is connected to one
power strip, then they need at most 3 to 4 amps at the moment
that the power is turned on and 1.5 to 2 amps while
they are running.
</para><para>
You should try to have access to the circuit breakers
either directly or
through readily available maintenance staff.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
</para>
<para>
If you are lucky you will be able to make arrangements to
regularly hold installfests at
a few locations that meet your needs. If possible you should
hold your fests at a variety of locations such as
technical colleges, universities and businesses because
Linux is for everyone.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="Administration">
<title>administration</title>
<para>
<variablelist><varlistentry><term>Linux distributions (distros)</term><listitem><para>
Make sure that you will have several copies of the latest
versions of the major Linux distributions available
on CD. To learn which distributions to make available, please
do a little research on the Web sites listed in the
appendix of this document.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>installfest server</term><listitem><para>
You may want to consider setting up a server for:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>DNS</para></listitem><listitem><para>DHCP</para></listitem><listitem><para>mirrors of distributions</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para><para>
You should provide multiple methods of
accessing the distributions on the server:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>FTP</para></listitem><listitem><para>rcp</para></listitem><listitem><para>HTTP</para></listitem><listitem><para>CD burning</para></listitem><listitem><para>NFS</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para><para>
In order to conserve disk space
you can create a virtual CD-ROM jukebox.
See Randolph J. Tata's "CDServer-HOWTO"
(<ulink url="http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/">
http://talcon.com/cdserver-howto/</ulink>)
and Jeremy Impson's article
"Build a Virtual CD-ROM Jukebox"
(<ulink url="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5639">
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=5639
</ulink>) for more information.
</para><para>
Hopefully someone will create a new Linux distribution to make
it easy to set up such a server.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>name tags</term><listitem><para>
Something similar to the classic "hello my name is:" stickers.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>misc. office supplies</term><listitem><para>
You may want to make some of the following items available:
scratch paper, ball-point pens,
sharpies, scissors, stapler, duct tape, packing tape,
blank CD-R media.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>advertising</term><listitem><para>
People will need to know:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>when and where the installfest will be held</para></listitem><listitem><para>what to expect: waiver, soft drinks, pizza</para></listitem><listitem><para>
that if they wish to install a Linux
distribution should bring every
part of their computer system:
monitor, keyboard, mouse, speakers, USB devices,
power strip. Support people will need all the components
to make sure everything is functioning properly.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
that they may want to bring blank CD-R media
to trade for copies of distributions on CD-R (they should
determine the number of disks needed for each
distribution)
</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para><para>
Here are some places to consider advertising:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>local computer user Web sites</para></listitem><listitem><para>local news media</para></listitem><listitem><para>local computer retail stores</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>minimum system requirements</term><listitem><para>
Some people will want to install Linux on very old/slow
systems in an attempt to make them usable. This is OK,
but there are limitations. Please look at the
distributions area of
<ulink url="http://www.linux.org">
www.linux.org</ulink>
for minimalist distributions.
You may want to include minimum system requirements
in your installfest advertisement so that people do
not show up with an old machine, hoping to turn it
into a power-house but leave disappointed.
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>networking equipment</term><listitem><para>
someone will need to bring network switches and cables
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>signage</term><listitem><para>
You should have a few signs posted to help people
find their way around the location and provide other
information. Some examples are:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>
main entrance:
So people know that they have found the right location.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
reception desk:
People will need to find the reception desk from the
main entrance.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
installation room:
People will need to know how to get to the installation
from the reception desk.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>rest rooms</para></listitem><listitem><para>networking information</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para></listitem></varlistentry><varlistentry><term>food and beverages</term><listitem><para>
Due to the duration of an installfest you should
consider the availability of food and drink.
</para><para>
Pizza usually works out well.
Tell people that you will be collecting a specific amount
of money at the door for pizza. If they
<emphasis>do not</emphasis> want to
share some pizza, then they
<emphasis>do not</emphasis> need to pay.
In order to know who has paid, use an ink stamp to
mark their hand. Do not forget paper plates and napkins.
</para><para>
If there are no vending machines at the
location you may want to
provide soft drinks, including water and possibly coffee
during the fest. If you do provide drinks, you should
consider selling them at cost.
</para></listitem></varlistentry></variablelist>
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="During">
<title>During (on the day of the installfest)</title>
<para>
<orderedlist><listitem><para>
before the starting time
</para><para>
The people who run the fest need to be at the location at
least one hour before the fest is to begin. They will need
time to set up the network, installfest server,
power system, signage, etc.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
at the door/reception
</para><para>
Depending on how you have decided to operate your fest,
the receptionist will:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>ask users to sign a waiver</para></listitem><listitem><para>ask users to fill out a data sheet</para></listitem><listitem><para>ask all attendees to contribute money for
food and/or drinks</para></listitem><listitem><para>give all attendees name tags</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
during
</para><para>
Since you are using this HOWTO, everything will work out fine.
People should understand that it is OK to ask around for help.
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
after the fest is finished
</para><para>
Make sure that all areas are cleaned up because
you may want to use the location again and you do not
want to give the location owner a bad impression.
Look for: items people have forgotten, items that people
brought as "give aways", drink cans and cups.
</para></listitem></orderedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="After">
<title>After (lessons learned)</title>
<para>
We would like to continually improve this document and
everyone's installfest experience, so please share with us:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>what went wrong?</para></listitem><listitem><para>what went well?</para></listitem><listitem><para>new ideas?</para></listitem><listitem><para>How this document helped or hindered you.</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<appendix>
<title>Sample Forms</title>
<sect1 id="DataSheet">
<title>Data Sheet</title>
<para>
This data sheet is intended to be filled out by users when
they arrive at the reception area.
</para>
<para>
<emphasis>Installfest Data Sheet</emphasis>
</para>
<para>
This form is <emphasis>for your benefit</emphasis>!
It will help you and anyone
who works on your computer to make reasonable decisions.
Please complete
one form per computer. If you don't know the answer now, just wait
until you do.
</para>
<para>
Your name: ______________________________________________________
</para>
<para>
CPU type: __________________________________
speed: ________ megahertz / gigahertz
</para>
<para>
RAM: _________ megabytes
</para>
<para>
Hard drive 1: ______gigabytes/terabytes
2: ______gigabytes/terabytes
3: ______gigabytes/terabytes
4: ______gigabytes/terabytes
</para>
<para>
Video card: ____________________________
</para>
<para>
Monitor: ______________________________
</para>
<para>
Sound card: __________________________________________
</para>
<para>
Does this computer have (circle all that apply):
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>CD or CD-RW drive</para></listitem><listitem><para>DVD drive</para></listitem><listitem><para>Blu-ray drive</para></listitem><listitem><para>network interface</para></listitem><listitem><para>printer</para></listitem><listitem><para>other: _________________________________________</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
Which of these do you want to do:
<orderedlist><listitem><para>
Install Linux:
</para><para>
What distribution? ____________________________
</para><para>
Do you need disks? Yes / No
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
Fix one or more specific problems with an installation of Linux:
</para><para>
What distribution is installed? __________________
</para><para>
List the software tool(s) and/or hardware that you
need help fixing: __________________________________________
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
Other, please explain:____________________________
</para></listitem></orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
Do you want to (circle one):
<orderedlist><listitem><para>
Dual-boot Linux and an already-installed OS?
</para><para>
What is the name of other O.S.? ______________________
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
Install Linux as the only O.S.?
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
Install multiple Linux distributions?
</para></listitem></orderedlist>
</para>
<para>
What do you want to use the computer for? (circle all that apply)
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>Internet access and usage</para></listitem><listitem><para>learn Linux</para></listitem><listitem><para>firewall</para></listitem><listitem><para>server</para></listitem><listitem><para>writing documents</para></listitem><listitem><para>music/image storage</para></listitem><listitem><para>other (please explain):</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
What is your skill level with (circle all that apply):
<orderedlist><listitem><para>
Linux/Unix:
</para><para>first-timer</para><para>rookie beginner </para><para>intermediate</para><para>advanced</para><para>guru</para></listitem><listitem><para>
computer hardware:
</para><para>first-timer</para><para>rookie beginner </para><para>intermediate</para><para>advanced</para><para>guru</para></listitem><listitem><para>
______________________ :
</para><para>first-timer</para><para>rookie beginner </para><para>intermediate</para><para>advanced</para><para>guru</para></listitem></orderedlist>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="LegalProtection">
<title>Legal Protection</title>
<para>
You may want to consider having users sign some kind of agreement
before any work
is performed on their systems. Such a document will make it clear to
users exactly what they can and cannot expect from the installfest.
</para>
<para>
If you do decide to use one of these documents, please
have it reviewed by a lawyer in your area.
</para>
<para>
If you do have an agreement approved by a lawyer,
please contribute to the Linux community by sending a copy
to the lead author of this HOWTO so that it may be included in
future versions.
</para>
<sect2 id="Release">
<title>Release</title>
<para>
The following is a significantly modified version of a form posted on
David Pitts's Web site.
</para>
<para>INSTALLFEST RELEASE FORM</para>
<para>
By signing this release agreement
between you and the group holding the installfest (members of the
__________________________ Linux User's Group, hereinafter
referred to as
Installers), you give up certain legal rights. Therefore, you should
read the agreement carefully. If you have any questions about the
legal effect of this agreement, you should consult an attorney and
not any of the Installers. Please be aware that you may not participate
in the installfest event unless you have signed this agreement.
By signing this release agreement, you
acknowledge the following:
</para>
<orderedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
That your signing this agreement
is partial consideration for the services provided by Installers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That Installers do not promise
that the work done on your computer equipment will be successful.
An Installer will help you attempt to install, configure, or
otherwise get the Linux operating system to work on your computer
equipment. However, because of possible defects in computer
software or computer hardware, including improperly configured
computer hardware, not every attempt is successful.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That the attempt to install,
configure, or otherwise get the Linux operating system to work on
your computer equipment has inherent dangers that no amount of
care, caution, instruction, or expertise can eliminate.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That any attempt to install,
configure, or otherwise get the Linux operating system to work on
your computer equipment, especially including any attempt to
partition or re-partition your computer's hard drive, may result in
the loss of some or all of the data stored on that hard drive. That
you are hereby advised that you should back up all important data
before the attempt to install, configure or otherwise get the Linux
operating system to work on your computer equipment.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That an installfest is an inherently chaotic event at which
many computer components, peripherals and systems are present;
therefore, you are responsible for the security of your property.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That you are expressly assuming
the risks of the dangers set forth above.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
That by signing this release agreement, you hereby forever
release the Installers from any legal liability they might have
arising from the attempt to install, configure, or otherwise get
the Linux operating system to run on your computer equipment. That
this release includes, but is not limited to, any losses caused by
the negligence of any Installer who attempts to install, configure
or otherwise get the Linux operating system to work on your
computer.
</para>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<para>
By signing below, you agree that you understand the terms above:
</para>
<para>
Your:
</para>
<para>
signature: __________________________________________________
</para>
<para>
name: _______________________________________________________
</para>
<para>
month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________
</para>
<para>
Witness:
signature: __________________________________________________
</para>
<para>
name: _______________________________________________________
</para>
<para>
month: ____________ day: __________ year: ________
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="Waiver">
<title>Waiver</title>
<para>
The following is Copyright 1998 Chris Halsall
and the <ulink url="http://www.vlug.org/">
Victoria Linux Users Group</ulink>.
Reuse permitted for Open Source
Software promotion.
</para>
<para>Linux InstallFest Waiver</para>
<para>
I, _______________________________ acknowledge that I am participating
in the "Linux Install Festival" entirely at my own risk.
I assume
responsibility for the integrity of the data on my computer system,
have backed up all important data, and I will hold the volunteer
helpers blameless for any damage to my computer system, to my data, or
any other damages or liability that may result through my
participation in this event. I further agree to be responsible for any
licensing fees, shareware registrations, or other licensing
requirements that may apply to the software I will receive. The
purpose of this event is to distribute software packages that are Open
Source, legally distributable with no charge to the user.
</para>
<para>
Every reasonable effort will be made to ensure that my system operates
correctly before and after the installation, but I recognize that,
because the software installed at this event is licensed free of
charge, the copyright holder(s) and volunteer helpers and/or other
parties provide this material "as is" without
warranty of any kind,
either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the
implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of this
software, and the accuracy of its associated documentation, is with
me. Should this software or its associated documentation prove
defective, I assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or
correction.
</para>
<para>
Signature: __________________________________ Date: ___________
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</appendix>
<appendix>
<title>Useful Web Sites</title>
<para>
These Web sites may be useful in planning and running an installfest:
<itemizedlist><listitem><para>
<ulink url="http://www.tldp.org">
The Linux Documentation Project (www.tldp.org)
</ulink>
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
<ulink url="http://www.linux.org">www.linux.org</ulink>
</para></listitem><listitem><para>
<ulink url="http://www.distrowatch.com">
www.distrowatch.com</ulink>
</para></listitem></itemizedlist>
</para>
</appendix>
<appendix id="fdl">
<title>GNU Free Documentation License</title>
<simpara>Version 1.3, 3 November 2008</simpara>
<simpara>
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008
<ulink url="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation, Inc.</ulink>
</simpara>
<simpara>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this
license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section0" renderas="sect2">
0. PREAMBLE
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document “free” in the sense of freedom:
to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
or without modifying it, either commercially or
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and
publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.
</simpara>
<simpara>
This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same
sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.
</simpara>
<simpara>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program
should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software
does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used
for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is
published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for
works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section1" renderas="sect2">
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work
under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee,
and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy,
modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
copyright law.
</simpara>
<simpara>
A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing
the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.
</simpara>
<simpara>
A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of
the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a
textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any
mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection
with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section
does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to
be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant
Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then
there are none.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</simpara>
<simpara>
A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable
copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for
automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text
formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose
markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage
subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is
not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is
not “Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII
without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML
using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent
image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary
formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors,
SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by
some word processors for output purposes only.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page
itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in
formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page”
means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes
copies of the Document to the public.
</simpara>
<simpara>
A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands
for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
“Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”,
“Endorsements”, or “History”.) To “Preserve
the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that
it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this
definition.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which
states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
meaning of this License.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section2" renderas="sect2">
2. VERBATIM COPYING
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright
notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the
Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical
measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the
copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in
exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you
must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</simpara>
<simpara>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you
may publicly display copies.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section3" renderas="sect2">
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose
the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the
back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to
the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy
these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
</simpara>
<simpara>
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly,
you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the
actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
</simpara>
<simpara>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more
than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy
along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a
computer-network location from which the general network-using public has
access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete
Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the
latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin
distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent
copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
</simpara>
<simpara>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the
Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give
them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section4" renderas="sect2">
4. MODIFICATIONS
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the
conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the
Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version
filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and
modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In
addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</simpara>
<orderedlist numeration="upperalpha">
<listitem>
<simpara>
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which
should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the
Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the
original publisher of that version gives permission.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities
responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified
Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the
Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five),
unless they release you from this requirement.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
Version, as the publisher.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to
the other copyright notices.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections
and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
notice.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its
Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the
network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was
based on. These may be placed in the “History”
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published
at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or
“Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and
preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the
contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are
not considered part of the section titles.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
may not be included in the Modified Version.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
“Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
Section.
</simpara>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<simpara>
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</simpara>
</listitem>
</orderedlist>
<simpara>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices
that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the
Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections
as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant
Sections in the Modified Version’s license notice. These titles
must be distinct from any other section titles.
</simpara>
<simpara>
You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it
contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties — for example, statements of peer review or that the text
has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.
</simpara>
<simpara>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a
passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of
Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text
and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made
by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the
same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same
entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may
replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher
that added the old one.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give
permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply
endorsement of any Modified Version.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section5" renderas="sect2">
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions,
provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections
of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as
Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that
you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple
identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there
are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents,
make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in
parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section
if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section
titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
combined work.
</simpara>
<simpara>
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
“History” in the various original documents, forming one
section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections
Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled
“Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled
“Endorsements”.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section6" renderas="sect2">
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents
released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this
License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in
the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for
verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</simpara>
<simpara>
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute
it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this
License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section7" renderas="sect2">
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and
independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of
the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works
permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.
</simpara>
<simpara>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies
of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire
aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that
bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of
covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear
on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section8" renderas="sect2">
8. TRANSLATION
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute
translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing
Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from
their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all
Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant
Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the
license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided
that you also include the original English version of this License and the
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
disagreement between the translation and the original version of this
License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</simpara>
<simpara>
If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement
(section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require
changing the actual title.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section9" renderas="sect2">
9. TERMINATION
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as
expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy,
modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically
terminate your rights under this License.
</simpara>
<simpara>
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license
from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless
and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your
license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you
of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the
cessation.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated
permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some
reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of
violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and
you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this
License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not
give you any rights to use it.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section10" renderas="sect2">
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU
Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be
similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns. See
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">Copyleft</ulink>.
</simpara>
<simpara>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If
the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License
“or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of
any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft)
by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy
can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="section11" renderas="sect2">
11. RELICENSING
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC
Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable
works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those
works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a
server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or
“MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable
works thus published on the MMC site.
</simpara>
<simpara>
“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published
by that same organization.
</simpara>
<simpara>
“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in
whole or in part, as part of another Document.
</simpara>
<simpara>
An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under
this License, and if all works that were first published under this
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</simpara>
<simpara>
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site
under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009,
provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</simpara>
<bridgehead id="addendum" renderas="sect2">
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
</bridgehead>
<simpara>
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the
License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:
</simpara>
<screen>Copyright © YEAR YOUR NAME
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the
terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version
published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in
the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.</screen>
<simpara>
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts,
replace the “with… Texts.” line with this:
</simpara>
<screen>with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts
being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.</screen>
<simpara>
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
situation.
</simpara>
<simpara>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their
use in free software.
</simpara>
</appendix>
</article>
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