mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
144 lines
4.8 KiB
XML
144 lines
4.8 KiB
XML
<sect1 id="lib">
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<title>/lib</title>
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<para>
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The /lib directory contains kernel modules and those shared library images (the C programming code library) needed to boot the system and run the commands in the root filesystem, ie. by binaries in /bin and /sbin. Libraries are readily identifiable through their filename extension of *.so. Windows equivalent to a shared library would be a DLL (dynamically linked library) file. They are essential for basic system functionality. Kernel modules (drivers) are in the subdirectory /lib/modules/'kernel-version'. To ensure proper module compilation you should ensure that /lib/modules/'kernel-version'/kernel/build points to /usr/src/'kernel-version' or ensure that the Makefile knows where the kernel source itself are located.
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</para>
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<para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/'machine-architecture'</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains platform/architecture dependent libraries.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/iptables</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>iptables shared library files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/kbd</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Contains various keymaps.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/modules/'kernel-version'</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>The home of all the kernel modules. The organisation of
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files here is reasonably clear so no requires no elaboration.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/isapnpmap.dep</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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has details on ISA based cards, the modules that they
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require and various other attributes.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/modules.dep</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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lists all modules dependencies. This file can
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be updated using the depmod command.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/pcimap</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is the PCI equivalent of the
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/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/isapnpmap.dep file.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/usbmap</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>is the USB equivalent of the
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/lib/modules/'kernel-version'/isapnpmap.dep file.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/oss</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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All OSS (Open Sound System) files are installed
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here by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>/lib/security</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>PAM library files.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</para>
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<para>
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<screen>
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The FSSTND states that the /lib directory contains those shared library
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images needed to boot the system and run the commands in the root filesystem,
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ie. by binaries in /bin and /sbin.
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Shared libraries that are only necessary for binaries in /usr (such as any
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X Window binaries) must not be in /lib. Only the shared libraries required
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to run binaries in /bin and /sbin may be here. In particular, the library
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libm.so.* may also be placed in /usr/lib if it is not required by anything
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in /bin or /sbin.
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At least one of each of the following filename patterns are required (they
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may be files, or symbolic links):
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libc.so.* The dynamically-linked C library (optional)
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ld* The execution time linker/loader (optional)
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If a C preprocessor is installed, /lib/cpp must be a reference to it, for
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historical reasons. The usual placement of this binary is /usr/bin/cpp.
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The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, must be in
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/lib, if the corresponding subsystem is installed:
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modules Loadable kernel modules (optional)
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/lib<qual> : Alternate format essential shared libraries (optional)
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There may be one or more variants of the /lib directory on systems which
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support more than one binary format requiring separate libraries.
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This is commonly used for 64-bit or 32-bit support on systems which support
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multiple binary formats, but require libraries of the same name. In this
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case, /lib32 and /lib64 might be the library directories, and /lib a symlink
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to one of them.
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If one or more of these directories exist, the requirements for their contents
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are the same as the normal /lib directory, except that /lib<qual>/cpp is
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not required.
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/lib<qual>/cpp is still permitted: this allows the case where /lib and
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/lib<qual> are the same (one is a symbolic link to the other).
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</screen>
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</para>
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</sect1>
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