mirror of https://github.com/tLDP/LDP
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#!/bin/bash
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# archiveweblogs.sh v1.0
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# Troy Engel <tengel@fluid.com>
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# Slightly modified by document author.
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# Used with permission.
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#
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# This script will preserve the normally rotated and
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#+ thrown away weblogs from a default RedHat/Apache installation.
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# It will save the files with a date/time stamp in the filename,
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#+ bzipped, to a given directory.
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#
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# Run this from crontab nightly at an off hour,
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#+ as bzip2 can suck up some serious CPU on huge logs:
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# 0 2 * * * /opt/sbin/archiveweblogs.sh
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PROBLEM=66
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# Set this to your backup dir.
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BKP_DIR=/opt/backups/weblogs
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# Default Apache/RedHat stuff
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LOG_DAYS="4 3 2 1"
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LOG_DIR=/var/log/httpd
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LOG_FILES="access_log error_log"
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# Default RedHat program locations
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LS=/bin/ls
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MV=/bin/mv
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ID=/usr/bin/id
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CUT=/bin/cut
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COL=/usr/bin/column
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BZ2=/usr/bin/bzip2
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# Are we root?
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USER=`$ID -u`
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if [ "X$USER" != "X0" ]; then
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echo "PANIC: Only root can run this script!"
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exit $PROBLEM
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fi
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# Backup dir exists/writable?
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if [ ! -x $BKP_DIR ]; then
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echo "PANIC: $BKP_DIR doesn't exist or isn't writable!"
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exit $PROBLEM
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fi
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# Move, rename and bzip2 the logs
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for logday in $LOG_DAYS; do
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for logfile in $LOG_FILES; do
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MYFILE="$LOG_DIR/$logfile.$logday"
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if [ -w $MYFILE ]; then
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DTS=`$LS -lgo --time-style=+%Y%m%d $MYFILE | $COL -t | $CUT -d ' ' -f7`
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$MV $MYFILE $BKP_DIR/$logfile.$DTS
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$BZ2 $BKP_DIR/$logfile.$DTS
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else
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# Only spew an error if the file exits (ergo non-writable).
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if [ -f $MYFILE ]; then
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echo "ERROR: $MYFILE not writable. Skipping."
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fi
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fi
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done
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done
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exit 0
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#!/bin/bash
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# bad-op.sh: Trying to use a string comparison on integers.
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echo
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number=1
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# The following "while loop" has two errors:
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#+ one blatant, and the other subtle.
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while [ "$number" < 5 ] # Wrong! Should be: while [ "$number" -lt 5 ]
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do
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echo -n "$number "
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let "number += 1"
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done
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# Attempt to run this bombs with the error message:
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#+ bad-op.sh: line 10: 5: No such file or directory
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# Within single brackets, "<" must be escaped,
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#+ and even then, it's still wrong for comparing integers.
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echo "---------------------"
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while [ "$number" \< 5 ] # 1 2 3 4
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do #
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echo -n "$number " # This *seems to work, but . . .
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let "number += 1" #+ it actually does an ASCII comparison,
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done #+ rather than a numerical one.
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echo; echo "---------------------"
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# This can cause problems. For example:
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lesser=5
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greater=105
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if [ "$greater" \< "$lesser" ]
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then
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echo "$greater is less than $lesser"
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fi # 105 is less than 5
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# In fact, "105" actually is less than "5"
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#+ in a string comparison (ASCII sort order).
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echo
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exit 0
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#!/bin/bash
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# dereference.sh
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# Dereferencing parameter passed to a function.
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# Script by Bruce W. Clare.
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dereference ()
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{
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y=\$"$1" # Name of variable.
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echo $y # $Junk
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x=`eval "expr \"$y\" "`
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echo $1=$x
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eval "$1=\"Some Different Text \"" # Assign new value.
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}
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Junk="Some Text"
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echo $Junk "before" # Some Text before
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dereference Junk
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echo $Junk "after" # Some Different Text after
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exit 0
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#!/bin/bash
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# dev-tcp.sh: /dev/tcp redirection to check Internet connection.
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# Script by Troy Engel.
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# Used with permission.
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TCP_HOST=www.slashdot.org
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TCP_PORT=80 # Port 80 is http.
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# Try to connect. (Somewhat similar to a 'ping.')
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echo "HEAD / HTTP/1.0" >/dev/tcp/${TCP_HOST}/${TCP_PORT}
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MYEXIT=$?
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: << EXPLANATION
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If bash was compiled with --enable-net-redirections, it has the capability of
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using a special character device for both TCP and UDP redirections. These
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redirections are used identically as STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR. The device entries
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are 30,36 for /dev/tcp:
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mknod /dev/tcp c 30 36
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>From the bash reference:
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/dev/tcp/host/port
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If host is a valid hostname or Internet address, and port is an integer
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port number or service name, Bash attempts to open a TCP connection to the
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corresponding socket.
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EXPLANATION
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if [ "X$MYEXIT" = "X0" ]; then
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echo "Connection successful. Exit code: $MYEXIT"
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else
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echo "Connection unsuccessful. Exit code: $MYEXIT"
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fi
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exit $MYEXIT
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#!/bin/bash
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# ind-func.sh: Passing an indirect reference to a function.
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echo_var ()
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{
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echo "$1"
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}
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message=Hello
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Hello=Goodbye
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echo_var "$message" # Hello
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# Now, let's pass an indirect reference to the function.
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echo_var "${!message}" # Goodbye
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echo "-------------"
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# What happens if we change the contents of "hello" variable?
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Hello="Hello, again!"
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echo_var "$message" # Hello
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echo_var "${!message}" # Hello, again!
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exit 0
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#!/bin/bash
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# kill-byname.sh: Killing processes by name.
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# Compare this script with kill-process.sh.
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# For instance,
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#+ try "./kill-byname.sh xterm" --
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#+ and watch all the xterms on your desktop disappear.
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# Warning:
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# -------
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# This is a fairly dangerous script.
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# Running it carelessly (especially as root)
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#+ can cause data loss and other undesirable effects.
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E_BADARGS=66
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if test -z "$1" # No command line arg supplied?
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then
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echo "Usage: `basename $0` Process(es)_to_kill"
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exit $E_BADARGS
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fi
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# ---------------------------------------------------------
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# Notes:
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# -i is the "replace strings" option to xargs.
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# The curly braces are the placeholder for the replacement.
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# 2&>/dev/null suppresses unwanted error messages.
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# ---------------------------------------------------------
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PROCESS_NAME="$1"
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ps ax | grep "$PROCESS_NAME" | awk '{print $1}' | xargs -i kill {} 2&>/dev/null
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exit $?
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#!/bin/bash
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# setnew-password.sh: Not a good idea.
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# This script must be run as root,
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#+ or better yet, not run at all.
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ROOT_UID=0 # Root has $UID 0.
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E_WRONG_USER=65 # Not root?
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E_NOSUCHUSER=70
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SUCCESS=0
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if [ "$UID" -ne "$ROOT_UID" ]
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then
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echo; echo "Only root can run this script."; echo
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exit $E_WRONG_USER
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else
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echo; echo "You should know better than to run this script, root."
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fi
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username=bozo
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NEWPASSWORD=security_violation
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# Check if bozo lives here.
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cat /etc/passwd | grep -q "$username"
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if [ $? -ne $SUCCESS ]
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then
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echo "User $username does not exist."
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echo "No password changed."
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exit $E_NOSUCHUSER
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fi
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echo "$NEWPASSWORD" | passwd --stdin "$username"
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# The '--stdin' option to 'passwd' permits
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#+ getting new password from stdin (or a pipe).
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echo; echo "User $username's password changed!"
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# Using the 'passwd' command in a script is dangerous.
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exit 0
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