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<!DOCTYPE Article PUBLIC "-//Davenport//DTD DocBook V3.0//EN">
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<article>
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<artheader>
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<title>Belarusian-HOWTO </title>
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<author>
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<firstname>Alexander Mikhailian,
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mikhailian@altern.org </firstname>
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</author>
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<pubdate>v.0.1.5, 25 February 2001 </pubdate>
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<abstract>
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<para>
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Short guide in setting up Belarusian language support in Linux
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console, X Window System, web-browsers, text editors, etc.
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Charsets used in the setup are either windows-1251 or
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iso-8859-5. Belarusian characters can also be found in
|
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koi8-ub, koi8-c, koi8-ru and, of course, Unicode. Although
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this HOWTO is Linux-specific, many advices are applicable to
|
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other UNIX-like systems.
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</para>
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||||
|
||||
</abstract>
|
||||
|
||||
</artheader>
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||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Introduction</title>
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||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>History</title>
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<para>
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This document was started in September 15, 1999 by Alexander Mikhailian
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2>
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<title>Comments</title>
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||||
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<para>
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Comments on this HOWTO may be directed to the author
|
||||
<ulink url="mailto:mikhailian@altern.org">mikhailian@altern.org</ulink>.
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</para>
|
||||
|
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</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
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<title>New Versions</title>
|
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|
||||
<para>
|
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The newest version can always be found at
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Copyright</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
This manual may be reproduced in whole or in part without restrictions.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Acknowledgements and Thanks</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Thanks to everyone who gave comments as I was writing this.
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</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
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<sect1>
|
||||
<title>System-wide setup</title>
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|
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<sect2>
|
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<title>Choosing Charset</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
As for now, the choice is mainly between windows-1251 and
|
||||
iso-8859-5. Windows-1251 provides compatibility with M$
|
||||
Windows and it is is by far the most popular charset for
|
||||
nearly all slavic languages. On the other side, iso-8859-5 is
|
||||
better supported and easier to set up.
|
||||
</para>
|
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|
||||
<para>
|
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The present HOWTO will explain the use of both charsets in
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parallel. Unless otherwise stated in the text, Belarusian
|
||||
support package from
|
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<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>
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contains all the files mentioned in the present HOWTO.
|
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</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
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|
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<sect2>
|
||||
<title>windows-1251 in the kernel</title>
|
||||
|
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<para>
|
||||
Windows-1251 support in the kernel is needed to visualize MS
|
||||
Windows filenames in cyrillic while the console and X Window
|
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system are localized in windows-1251. As latest FAT file
|
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systems store filenames in Unicode, we have to define the
|
||||
output charset of the Virtual File System layer and install
|
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the support for windows-1251 in the kernel.
|
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</para>
|
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<para>
|
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There is a patch for 2.2.14 kernels that is included in the
|
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Belarusian support package. To apply the patch,
|
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|
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<itemizedlist>
|
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<listitem>
|
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|
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<screen>
|
||||
cd /path_to_your_kernel_source_tree
|
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</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
patch -p0 < patch_for_the_kernel.patch
|
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</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Recompile and reinstall the kernel modules.
|
||||
Refer to
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Kernel-HOWTO.html">Kernel-HOWTO</ulink>
|
||||
for the details.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add
|
||||
<screen>
|
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codepage=866,iocharset=microsoft-cp1251
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</screen>
|
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to your mount options in order to get the filenames in
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windows-1251.
|
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</para>
|
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|
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<para>
|
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To test the setup, execute
|
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<screen>
|
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mount /dev/hda -t vfat -o codepage=866,iocharset=iso8859-5 /mnt/hda
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</screen>
|
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as root. Of course, you should replace /dev/hda by the
|
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name of your vfat partitions containing names in
|
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cyrillic.
|
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</para>
|
||||
|
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</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>ISO-8859-5 in the kernel</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
There is built-in support for iso-8859-5 in Linux kernel.
|
||||
To enable iso-8859-5, make sure you compile this module
|
||||
in the nls section of the kernel setup. Normally, iso-8859-5
|
||||
is compiled by default and can be loaded either automatically
|
||||
or by issuing
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
insmod nls_iso8859-5
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
as root.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
codepage=866,iocharset=iso8859-5
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
to your mount options in order to get the filenames in
|
||||
iso-8859-5.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="locale">
|
||||
<title>Setting locale</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
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<listitem>
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<para>
|
||||
Belarusian locale is available in glibc 2.2 and later.
|
||||
If you do not have the belarusian locale installed in
|
||||
your system, you can compile it yourself. The source is
|
||||
available at
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>.
|
||||
Issue
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
localedef -f CP1251 -i be_BY be_BY.CP1251
|
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</screen>
|
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|
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or
|
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|
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<screen>
|
||||
localedef -f ISO-8899-5 -i be_BY be_BY.ISO-8899-5
|
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</screen>
|
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|
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to compile the locale in windows-1251 encoding or iso8859-5 encoding.
|
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</para>
|
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|
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</listitem>
|
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<listitem>
|
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|
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<para>
|
||||
Check how it works by setting the locale
|
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<screen>
|
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set LANG=be_BY.CP1251; export LANG
|
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</screen>
|
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or
|
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<screen>
|
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set LANG=be_BY.ISO-8859-5; export LANG
|
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</screen>
|
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and running a locale-aware program like
|
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<filename>date</filename>
|
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or
|
||||
<filename>cal</filename>.
|
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</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="console">
|
||||
<title>Belarusian in console</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Setting Belarusian with windows-1251</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Some cyrillic console fonts are in fact russian fonts and
|
||||
lack many cyrillic characters. Fortunately, UniCyr fonts by
|
||||
Vadinm Zhitnikov have all the glyphs from cp866, cp1251,
|
||||
iso8859-5 and all printable symbols from koi8-r. Besides
|
||||
the belarusian keyboard maps which you can find at the
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>
|
||||
, other files are fairly standard and are available in most
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||||
linux distributions. To set up window-1251 in console,
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load a UniCyr font
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
consolechars -f UniCyr_8x16
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load <filename>by2_win.kmap</filename> keymap.
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
loadkeys by2_win
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load Application-Charset Map <filename>cp1251.acm</filename>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
consolechars -m cp1251
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>Setting Belarusian with iso-8859-5</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
There are two ways to set up Belarusian with iso-8859-5
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load iso-8859-5 font
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
consolechars -f iso05.f16
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load belarusian keymap
|
||||
<filename>by2.kmap</filename>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<filename>by.kmap</filename>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
loadkeys by.kmap
|
||||
loadkeys by2.kmap
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
This method has one serious drawback - you will loose all
|
||||
pseudographic characters and, say, you Midnight Commander
|
||||
will look somewhat naked. The second method described below
|
||||
preserves all pseudographic characters:
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load UniCyr font
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
consolechars -f UniCyr_8x16
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load <filename>by2.kmap</filename>
|
||||
keymap or
|
||||
<filename>by.kmap</filename>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
loadkeys by.kmap
|
||||
loadkeys by2.kmap
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Load Application-Charset Map <filename>iso05.acm</filename>
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
consolechars -m iso05
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
Beware that different Linux distributions have different
|
||||
console-related packages -
|
||||
<filename>console-tools</filename> or
|
||||
<filename>kbd</filename>. Abovementioned scripts are meant
|
||||
to work with <filename>console-tools</filename> which is by
|
||||
far more popular.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="x-window">
|
||||
<title>Belarusian in X Window System</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>ISO-8859-5 in X Window System through XKB</title>
|
||||
<para>This is is quite easy to set up.</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Install ISO-8859-5 fonts for X Window and make sure they are
|
||||
before other fonts in the fontpath. Refer to
|
||||
<ulink url="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Font-HOWTO.html">Font-HOWTO</ulink>
|
||||
for details on how to install fonts.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Get the belarusian keyboard layout <filename>by</filename> from the
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>
|
||||
and put it on the place of any other keyborad layout in
|
||||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
instead of the belgian keyboard layout
|
||||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be</filename>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Put the following stings in your
|
||||
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86COnfig</filename>:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
XkbModel "microsoft"
|
||||
XkbLayout "be"
|
||||
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
|
||||
</screen></para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Don't forget to set up the system locale to
|
||||
be_BY.ISO8859-5 as described in <xref linkend="locale">.
|
||||
You will also want to make sure that iso-8859-5 fonts
|
||||
are before any other fonts in your font path.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>
|
||||
Windows-1251 in X Window System through XKB
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
This works only with XFree 4.0.2 and higher.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Install ISO-8859-5 fonts for X Window and make sure they
|
||||
are before other fonts in the fontpath.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Get the belarusian keyboard layout <filename>by</filename> from the
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>
|
||||
and put it on the place of any other keyborad layout in
|
||||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/</filename>, e.g.
|
||||
instead of the belgian keyboard layout
|
||||
<filename>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/symbols/be</filename>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Put the following strings in your
|
||||
<filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
XkbModel "microsoft"
|
||||
XkbLayout "be"
|
||||
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Don't forget to set up the system locale to be_BY.CP1251
|
||||
as described in <xref linkend="locale">.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To use windows-1251 with XFree 3.3.5 and 4.0, you have to
|
||||
apply a patch from Aleksey Novodvorsky that allows the use
|
||||
of windows-1251 with XKB. The original location is at
|
||||
<ulink url="ftp.logic.ru/pub/logic/linux/be-locale">ftp.logic.ru/pub/logic/linux/be-locale</ulink>
|
||||
and it is also available from
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>.
|
||||
Lucky users of Linux-Mandrake RE get a patched XFree86 out
|
||||
of box.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Belarusian keyboard layout is palnned for all XFree releases
|
||||
after 4.0.2. To make it work, you will have to add the
|
||||
following lines
|
||||
into <filename>/etc/X11/XF86Config</filename>:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
XkbModel "microsoft"
|
||||
XkbLayout "by"
|
||||
XkbOptions "grp:caps_toggle"
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect3>
|
||||
<title>
|
||||
Windows-1251 in X Window System through Xmodmap
|
||||
</title>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Uncomment
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
XkbDisable
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
line in your <filename>/etc/X11/XF86COnfig</filename>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Install windows-1251 fonts for X Windows and
|
||||
make sure thay are before other fonts in the path.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Make and install xruskb package which can be
|
||||
downloaded from
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net">http://bellinux.sourceforge.net</ulink>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Replace .xmm files in your xruskb directory by those
|
||||
found at
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/">the bellinux page</ulink>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add the following lines in your .Xdefaults file
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
xrus*modeButton1.labelString: BEL xrus*modeButton1.label: BEL
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Run
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
xrus jcuken-cp1251
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
xrus jcuken-iso5
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
to start keyboard switcher.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para></sect3>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Editing texts</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="emacs">
|
||||
<title>Emacs </title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Emacs is able to display Belarusian characters out of box in many
|
||||
Linux distributions. However, the following conditions should satisfy:
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Cyrillic iso-8859-5 fonts should be installed.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Emacs-mule package should be installed.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The user may want to change the default keyboard layout
|
||||
("input method" in emacs slang) to jcuken. This
|
||||
feature is provided by <filename>belarusian.el</filename>
|
||||
along with some other goodies. Read the comments in the
|
||||
beginning of <filename>belarusian.el</filename> for details
|
||||
on the setup procedure.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
After installing <filename>belarusian.el</filename>, you will
|
||||
be able to switch the input method, by typing
|
||||
<keycombo>
|
||||
<keycap>C</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>\</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>cyrillic-belarusian</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>RET</keycap>
|
||||
</keycombo>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
For a more user-friendly setup, put the following lines in the
|
||||
.emacs file:
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
;; enables PC-like key mappings
|
||||
(pc-bindings-mode)
|
||||
;; enables PC-like selection
|
||||
(pc-selection-mode)
|
||||
;; highlight selection
|
||||
(transient-mark-mode t)
|
||||
;; use as many multilingual fonts as possible
|
||||
(set-default-font "fontset-standard")
|
||||
;; set up windows-1251 as default encoding everywhere
|
||||
(codepage-setup 1251)
|
||||
(set-terminal-coding-system 'cp1251)
|
||||
(set-keyboard-coding-system nil)
|
||||
(setq default-buffer-file-coding-system 'cp1251)
|
||||
(set-selection-coding-system 'cp1251)
|
||||
(prefer-coding-system 'cp1251)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'windows-1251 'cp1251)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'microsoft-1251 'cp1251)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'microsoft-cp1251 'cp1251)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'windows-cp1251 'cp1251)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'koi8-u 'cyrillic-koi8)
|
||||
(define-coding-system-alias 'KOI8-R 'cyrillic-koi8)
|
||||
(modify-coding-system-alist 'file "\.*" 'cp1251)
|
||||
(modify-coding-system-alist 'file "\\.el$" 'iso-2022-7bit)
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
This configuration is for windows-1251 setup.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2 id="spell-checking">
|
||||
<title>Spell-checking </title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If you do not have ispell 3.1.20, install it from any Linux
|
||||
distribution CD.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Download the package
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net/belspell.tar.gz">belspell.tar.gz</ulink>.
|
||||
Unpack it and run
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
buildhash belarusian.sml belarusian.aff belarusian.hash
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Copy
|
||||
<filename>belarusian.hash</filename>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<<filename>/usr/lib/ispell</filename>
|
||||
or wherever your ispell
|
||||
hash tables are.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
in order to spell-check a file, type
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
ispell -d belarusian yourfile.txt
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Getting belarusian ispell dictionary working with emacs is a bit
|
||||
tricky.
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Copy
|
||||
<filename>ispell.el</filename>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<filename>ispell.elc</filename>
|
||||
into your
|
||||
<filename>$EMACSBIN/../lisp</filename>
|
||||
directory.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Copy temporarily
|
||||
<filename>$EMACSBIN/../lisp/loaddefs.el</filename>
|
||||
to
|
||||
<filename>/usr/src/emacs-XX.X/lisp/loaddefs.el</filename>
|
||||
where XX.X stand for emacs version number.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
<keycombo>
|
||||
<keycap>M</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>x</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>update-file-autoloads</keycap>
|
||||
<keycap>RET</keycap>
|
||||
</keycombo>
|
||||
and enter the path to the ispell.el.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Copy back <filename>loaddefs.el</filename>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Restart emacs
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>TeX</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
from Aleksey Novodvorsky:
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
You need TeX + babel + T2, e.g. teTeX >= 1.0. in order to get partial
|
||||
support for Belarusian,
|
||||
|
||||
<itemizedlist>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
put
|
||||
<filename>babel.sty</filename>
|
||||
,
|
||||
<filename>belarusianb.ldf</filename>
|
||||
and
|
||||
<filename>belarusianb.sty</filename>
|
||||
into
|
||||
<filename>/usr/share/texmf/tex/generic/babel</filename>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
run
|
||||
<filename>texhash</filename>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
<listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
To use Belarusian in LaTeX: add the
|
||||
following lines in the preamble:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
\documentclass[belarusian]{article} \usepackage[cp1251]{inputenc}
|
||||
\usepackage{babel}
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
or
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
\documentclass[belarusian]{article} \usepackage[iso88595]{inputenc}
|
||||
\usepackage{babel}
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
</listitem>
|
||||
|
||||
</itemizedlist>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Browsers</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Netscape</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
It is often a problem to correctly visualize
|
||||
Belarusian-specific characters with Netscape. This is due to
|
||||
that Netscape 4.x looks for
|
||||
<emphasis>any</emphasis> koi8-r font and, if it finds one,
|
||||
they refuse to use other fonts for displaying Cyrillic pages.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
The problem is solved by removing koi8-r fonts from everywhere - X
|
||||
Window System font path and font server path.Then install koi8-ru,
|
||||
iso-8859-5 or windows-1251 and run
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
xset fp rehash
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
or restart X server. You will probably have to delete
|
||||
<filename>>preferences</filename> and
|
||||
<filename>preferences.js</filename> from the Netscape home
|
||||
directory <filename>.netscape</filename> and even then you are
|
||||
not guaranteed to have Netscape work right. Netscape's
|
||||
handling of fonts has always been an obscure issue.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Links to koi8-ru, iso-8859-5 and windows-1251 cyrillic fonts for X
|
||||
Window System can be found at
|
||||
<ulink url="http://bellinux.sourceforge.net">the bellinux page</ulink>
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Lynx</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
In order to view Belarusian sites, you have to set up you console to
|
||||
handle the encoding you need. See section <xref linkend="console">
|
||||
for more details.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Add the following lines to your <filename>.linxrc</filename> file.
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
character_set=Cyrillic (windows-1251) preferred_language=be
|
||||
preferred_charset=windows-1251
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
or
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
character_set=Cyrillic (ISO-8859-5) preferred_language=be
|
||||
preferred_charset=iso-8859-5
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
if you have set up iso-8859-5 in console.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
If the page you are browsing does not have an explicit charset
|
||||
declaration, press <keycap>o</keycap> and set the document
|
||||
charset manually.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Mailers</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Netscape Messenger</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Netscape Messenger can not handle belarusian texts properly.
|
||||
The same applies to Mozilla.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect2>
|
||||
<title>Mutt</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mutt handles a multitude of charsets and encodings with ease. If your
|
||||
console has windows-1251 support, add the following lines to your
|
||||
<filename>.muttrc</filename>:
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
charset-hook "windows-1251" "cp1251" set charset="windows-1251"
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Mutt automatically converts all incoming messages for the screen
|
||||
output. It can also convert outgoing messages basing itself on a
|
||||
versatile pattern matching mechanism, e.g. the following line in
|
||||
<filename>.muttrc</filename> will force mutt to convert all messages sent to
|
||||
be-locale@iatp.unibel.by to <emphasis>koi8-r</emphasis>.
|
||||
|
||||
<screen>
|
||||
send-hook '~t ^be-locale@iatp\.unibel\.by$' 'set
|
||||
send_charset="koi8-r"'
|
||||
</screen>
|
||||
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect2>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
<sect1>
|
||||
<title>Further support</title>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
A mailing list devoted entirely to Belarusian language support
|
||||
is available at
|
||||
<ulink url="mailto:be-locale@iatp.unibel.by">be-locale@iatp.unibel.by</ulink>.
|
||||
To subscribe, send a message to
|
||||
<ulink url="mailto:majordomo@iatp.unibel.by">majordomo@iatp.unibel.by</ulink>
|
||||
with the string "subscribe be-locale youremailaddress"
|
||||
in the body of the message
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
<para>
|
||||
Another mailing list that treats mostly linguistic issues is
|
||||
available at
|
||||
<ulink url="mailto:movaznaustva@egroups.com">movaznaustva@egroups.com</ulink>.
|
||||
To subscribe to it, send a message with empty body to
|
||||
<ulink url="mailto:movaznaustva-subscribe@egroups.com">movaznaustva-subscribe@egroups.com</ulink>.
|
||||
</para>
|
||||
|
||||
</sect1>
|
||||
|
||||
</article>
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue