diff --git a/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/abs-guide.xml b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/abs-guide.xml
index 375204f3..61d19ef6 100644
--- a/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/abs-guide.xml
+++ b/LDP/guide/docbook/abs-guide/abs-guide.xml
@@ -17431,7 +17431,6 @@ function write_utf8_string {
commandarchive
- Creation and manipulation utility for archives, mainly
used for binary object file libraries.
@@ -17439,6 +17438,7 @@ function write_utf8_string {
rpm
+ rpm
@@ -17446,7 +17446,6 @@ function write_utf8_string {
commandpackage manager
- The Red Hat Package Manager, or
rpm utility provides a wrapper for
@@ -17514,6 +17513,7 @@ function write_utf8_string {
cpio
+ cpio
@@ -17521,7 +17521,6 @@ function write_utf8_string {
commandcpio
- This specialized archiving copy command
(copy
input and output)
@@ -17541,6 +17540,7 @@ function write_utf8_string {
rpm2cpio
+ rpm
@@ -17548,7 +17548,6 @@ function write_utf8_string {
commandcpio
- This command extracts a
cpio archive from an rpm one.
@@ -17563,6 +17562,7 @@ function write_utf8_string {
pax
+ pax
@@ -17570,7 +17570,6 @@ function write_utf8_string {
commandarchive
- The paxportable archive
@@ -17608,6 +17607,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
gzip
+ gzip
@@ -17615,7 +17615,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandgzip
- The standard GNU/UNIX compression utility, replacing
the inferior and proprietary
@@ -17652,6 +17651,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
bzip2
+ bzip2
@@ -17659,7 +17659,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandbzip2
- An alternate compression utility, usually more efficient
(but slower) than gzip, especially on
@@ -17681,6 +17680,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
compressuncompress
+ compress
@@ -17695,7 +17695,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commanduncompress
- This is an older, proprietary compression
utility found in commercial UNIX distributions. The
more efficient gzip has largely
@@ -17712,6 +17711,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
sq
+ sq
@@ -17719,7 +17719,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandsq
- Yet another compression (squeeze)
utility, a filter that works only on sorted
@@ -17741,6 +17740,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
zipunzip
+ zip
@@ -17755,7 +17755,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandunzip
- Cross-platform file archiving and compression utility
compatible with DOS pkzip.exe.
Zipped archives seem to be a more
@@ -17768,6 +17767,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
unarcunarjunrar
+ unarc
@@ -17789,7 +17789,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandrar.exe
- These Linux utilities permit unpacking archives
compressed with the DOS arc.exe,
arj.exe, and
@@ -17802,6 +17801,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
lzmaunlzmalzcat
+ lzma
@@ -17823,7 +17823,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandlzcat
- Highly efficient Lempel-Ziv-Markov compression.
The syntax of lzma is similar to
that of gzip. The xzunxzxzcat
+ xz
@@ -17859,7 +17859,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandxzcat
- A new high-efficiency compression tool, backward compatible
with lzma, and with an invocation
syntax similar to gzip. For
@@ -17879,6 +17878,7 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
file
+ file
@@ -17886,7 +17886,6 @@ pax -rf daily_backup.pax ~/bsd-server/files
commandfile
- A utility for identifying file types. The command
file file-name will return a
@@ -17946,6 +17945,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
which
+ which
@@ -17953,7 +17953,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandwhich
- which command gives the full path
to command. This is useful for finding
out whether a particular command or utility is installed
@@ -17968,6 +17967,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
whereis
+ whereis
@@ -17975,7 +17975,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandwhereis
- Similar to which, above,
whereis command gives the
full path to command, but also to its
@@ -17989,6 +17988,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
whatis
+ whatis
@@ -17996,7 +17996,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandwhatis
- whatis command looks up
command in the
whatis database. This is useful
@@ -18020,6 +18019,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
vdir
+ vdir
@@ -18027,7 +18027,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandls
- Show a detailed directory listing. The effect is similar to
ls -lb.This is one of the GNU
@@ -18053,6 +18052,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
locateslocate
+ locate
@@ -18067,7 +18067,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandslocate
- The locate command searches for
files using a database stored for just that purpose. The
slocate command is the secure version of
@@ -18081,6 +18080,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
getfaclsetfacl
+ getfacl
@@ -18095,7 +18095,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandsetfacl
- These commands retrieve or
set the file
access control
@@ -18141,6 +18140,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
readlink
+ readlink
@@ -18148,7 +18148,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandlink
- Disclose the file that a symbolic link points to.bash$ readlink /usr/bin/awk
@@ -18160,6 +18159,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
strings
+ strings
@@ -18167,7 +18167,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandstrings
- Use the strings command to find
printable strings in a binary or data file. It will list
sequences of printable characters found in the target
@@ -18199,6 +18198,7 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
diffpatch
+ diff
@@ -18213,7 +18213,6 @@ file $DIRECTORY/* | fgrep $KEYWORD
commandpatch
- diff: flexible file comparison
utility. It compares the target files line-by-line
sequentially. In some applications, such as comparing
@@ -18311,6 +18310,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
diff3merge
+ diff3
@@ -18326,7 +18326,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
merge
- An extended version of diff that compares
three files at a time. This command returns an exit value
of 0 upon successful execution, but unfortunately this gives
@@ -18357,6 +18356,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
sdiff
+ sdiff
@@ -18364,7 +18364,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandsdiff
- Compare and/or edit two files in order to merge
them into an output file. Because of its interactive nature,
this command would find little use in a script.
@@ -18373,6 +18372,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
cmp
+ cmp
@@ -18380,7 +18380,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandcmp
- The cmp command is a simpler version of
diff, above. Whereas diff
reports the differences between two files,
@@ -18406,6 +18405,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
comm
+ comm
@@ -18413,7 +18413,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandcomm
- Versatile file comparison utility. The files must be
sorted for this to be useful.
@@ -18467,6 +18466,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
basename
+ basename
@@ -18474,7 +18474,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandbasename
- Strips the path information from a file name, printing
+ Strips the path information from a file name, printing
only the file name. The construction basename
$0 lets the script know its name, that is, the name it
was invoked by. This can be used for usage messages if,
@@ -18487,6 +18487,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
dirname
+ dirname
@@ -18494,7 +18495,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commanddirname
- Strips the basename from
+ Strips the basename from
a filename, printing only the path information.basename and dirname
@@ -18516,6 +18517,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
splitcsplit
+ split
@@ -18531,7 +18533,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
csplit
- These are utilities for splitting a file into smaller
chunks. Their usual use is for splitting up large files
in order to back them up on floppies or preparatory to
@@ -18561,6 +18562,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
cksummd5sumsha1sum
+ sum
@@ -18586,7 +18588,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandsha1sum
- These are utilities for
generating checksums. A
checksum is a number
@@ -18684,6 +18685,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
uuencode
+ uuencode
@@ -18691,7 +18693,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commanduuencode
- This utility encodes binary files (images, sound files,
compressed files, etc.) into ASCII characters, making
@@ -18704,6 +18705,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
uudecode
+ uudecode
@@ -18711,7 +18713,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commanduudecode
- This reverses the encoding, decoding
uuencoded files back into the
original binaries.
@@ -18731,6 +18732,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
mimencodemmencode
+ mimencode
@@ -18745,7 +18747,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandencode
- The mimencode and
mmencode commands process
multimedia-encoded e-mail attachments. Although
@@ -18760,6 +18761,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
crypt
+ crypt
@@ -18767,7 +18769,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandcrypt
- At one time, this was the standard UNIX file encryption
utility.
@@ -18794,6 +18795,7 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
openssl
+ openssl
@@ -18801,7 +18803,6 @@ gzip -cd patchXX.gz | patch -p0
commandSSL
- This is an Open Source implementation of
Secure Sockets Layer encryption.
@@ -18851,6 +18852,7 @@ tar -xzv
shred
+ shred
@@ -18858,7 +18860,6 @@ tar -xzv
commandsecure delete
- Securely erase a file by overwriting it multiple times with
random bit patterns before deleting it. This command has
@@ -18884,6 +18885,7 @@ tar -xzv
mktemp
+ temporary
@@ -18891,7 +18893,6 @@ tar -xzv
commandfilename
- Create a temporary fileCreates a temporary
@@ -18930,6 +18931,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
make
+ make
@@ -18937,7 +18939,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandMakefile
- Utility for building and compiling binary packages.
This can also be used for any set of operations triggered
@@ -18957,6 +18958,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
install
+ install
@@ -18964,7 +18966,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandinstall
- Special purpose file copying command, similar to
cp, but capable of
setting permissions and attributes of the copied
@@ -18978,6 +18979,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
dos2unix
+ dos2unix
@@ -18985,7 +18987,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandfile converter
- This utility, written by Benjamin Lin and collaborators,
converts DOS-formatted text files (lines terminated by
CR-LF) to UNIX format (lines terminated by LF only),
@@ -18995,6 +18996,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
ptx
+ ptx
@@ -19002,7 +19004,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandindex
- The ptx [targetfile] command
outputs a permuted index (cross-reference list) of the
targetfile. This may be further filtered and formatted in a
@@ -19013,6 +19014,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
moreless
+ more
@@ -19027,7 +19029,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandless
- Pagers that display a text file or stream to
stdout, one screenful at a time.
@@ -19072,6 +19073,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
host
+ host
@@ -19079,7 +19081,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandhost
- Searches for information about an Internet host by name or
IP address, using DNS.
@@ -19092,6 +19093,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
ipcalc
+ ipcalc
@@ -19099,7 +19101,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandipcalc
- Displays IP information for a host.
With the option,
ipcalc does a reverse DNS lookup, finding
@@ -19114,6 +19115,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
nslookup
+ nslookup
@@ -19121,7 +19123,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandname server lookup
- Do an Internet name server lookup
on a host by IP address. This is essentially equivalent
@@ -19148,6 +19149,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
dig
+ dig
@@ -19155,7 +19157,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commanddomain information groper
- Domain Information
Groper. Similar to
@@ -19213,6 +19214,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
traceroute
+ traceroute
@@ -19220,7 +19222,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandtraceroute
- Trace the route taken by packets sent to a remote host. This
command works within a LAN, WAN, or over the
@@ -19244,6 +19245,7 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
ping
+ ping
@@ -19251,7 +19253,6 @@ echo "tempfile name = $tempfile"
commandping
- Broadcast an ICMP
ECHO_REQUEST packet to another machine,
@@ -19294,6 +19295,7 @@ fiwhois
+ whois
@@ -19301,7 +19303,6 @@ ficommanddomain name server
- Perform a DNS (Domain Name System) lookup.
The option permits specifying which
particular whois server to query. See
@@ -19311,6 +19312,7 @@ fifinger
+ finger
@@ -19318,7 +19320,6 @@ ficommandfinger
- Retrieve information about users on a
network. Optionally, this command can display
@@ -19370,6 +19371,7 @@ fichfn
+ chfn
@@ -19377,7 +19379,6 @@ ficommandfinger
- Change information disclosed by the
finger command.
@@ -19385,6 +19386,7 @@ fivrfy
+ vrfy
@@ -19392,7 +19394,6 @@ ficommandvrfy
- Verify an Internet e-mail address.This command seems to be missing from newer Linux
@@ -19409,6 +19410,7 @@ fisxrx
+ sx
@@ -19423,7 +19425,6 @@ ficommandrx
- The sx and rx
command set serves to transfer files to and from a remote
host using the xmodem protocol. These
@@ -19435,6 +19436,7 @@ fiszrz
+ sz
@@ -19449,7 +19451,6 @@ ficommandrz
- The sz and rz
command set serves to transfer files to and from a remote
host using the zmodem protocol.
@@ -19465,6 +19466,7 @@ fiftp
+ ftp
@@ -19472,7 +19474,6 @@ ficommandfile transfer
- Utility and protocol for uploading / downloading
files to or from a remote host. An ftp session can be automated
in a script (see and uucpuuxcu
+ uucp
@@ -19504,7 +19506,6 @@ ficommanduucp
- uucp: UNIX to UNIX
copy. This is a communications package for
@@ -19541,6 +19542,7 @@ fitelnet
+ telnet
@@ -19548,7 +19550,6 @@ ficommandtelnet
- Utility and protocol for connecting to a remote host.The telnet protocol
contains security holes and should therefore probably be
@@ -19559,6 +19560,7 @@ fiwget
+ wget
@@ -19566,7 +19568,6 @@ ficommanddownload
- The wget utility
noninteractively retrieves or
@@ -19599,6 +19600,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
lynx
+ lynx
@@ -19606,7 +19608,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandbrowser
- The lynx Web and file browser
can be used inside a script (with the
@@ -19629,6 +19630,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
rlogin
+ rlogin
@@ -19636,7 +19638,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandremote login
- Remote login, initates a
session on a remote host. This command has security issues,
so use ssh instead.
@@ -19645,6 +19646,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
rsh
+ rsh
@@ -19652,7 +19654,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandremote shell
- Remote shell, executes
command(s) on a remote host. This has security issues,
so use ssh instead.
@@ -19661,6 +19662,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
rcp
+ rcp
@@ -19668,7 +19670,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandremote copy
- Remote copy, copies files
between two different networked machines.
@@ -19676,6 +19677,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
rsync
+ rsync
@@ -19683,7 +19685,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandremote update
- Remote synchronize, updates
(synchronizes) files
@@ -19714,6 +19715,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
ssh
+ ssh
@@ -19721,7 +19723,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandsecure shell
- Secure shell, logs onto
a remote host and executes commands there. This
secure replacement for telnet,
@@ -19752,6 +19753,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
scp
+ scp
@@ -19759,7 +19761,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandsecure copy
- Secure copy, similar in
function to rcp, copies files between
two different networked machines, but does so using
@@ -19776,6 +19777,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
write
+ write
@@ -19783,7 +19785,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandwrite
- This is a utility for terminal-to-terminal communication.
It allows sending lines from your terminal (console or
xterm) to that of another user. The
@@ -19797,6 +19798,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
netconfig
+ netconfig
@@ -19804,7 +19806,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandnetwork
- A command-line utility for configuring a network adapter
(using DHCP). This command is native
to Red Hat centric Linux distros.
@@ -19819,6 +19820,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
mail
+ mail
@@ -19826,7 +19828,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandmail
- Send or read e-mail messages.
@@ -19843,6 +19844,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
mailto
+ mailto
@@ -19850,7 +19852,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandMIME mail
- Similar to the mail command,
mailto sends e-mail messages
from the command-line or in a script. However,
@@ -19861,6 +19862,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
mailstats
+ mailstats
@@ -19868,7 +19870,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandstatistics
- Show mail statistics. This command
may be invoked only by root.
@@ -19888,6 +19889,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
vacation
+ vacation
@@ -19895,7 +19897,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandmail
- This utility automatically replies to e-mails that
the intended recipient is on vacation and temporarily
unavailable. It runs on a network, in conjunction with
@@ -19921,6 +19922,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
tput
+ tput
@@ -19928,7 +19930,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandterminal
- Initialize terminal and/or fetch information about it from
terminfo data. Various options permit
@@ -19986,6 +19987,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
infocmp
+ infocmp
@@ -19993,7 +19995,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandterminal
- This command prints out extensive information about the
current terminal. It references the
@@ -20019,6 +20020,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
reset
+ reset
@@ -20026,7 +20028,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandreset
- Reset terminal parameters and clear text screen. As with
clear, the cursor and prompt reappear in the
upper lefthand corner of the terminal.
@@ -20035,6 +20036,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
clear
+ clear
@@ -20042,7 +20044,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandclear
- The clear command simply clears
the text screen at the console or in an
xterm. The prompt and cursor
@@ -20055,6 +20056,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
resize
+ resize
@@ -20062,7 +20064,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandresize
- Echoes commands necessary to set $TERM
and $TERMCAP to duplicate the
size (dimensions) of the current
@@ -20080,6 +20081,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
script
+ script
@@ -20087,7 +20089,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandscript
- This utility records (saves to a file) all the user keystrokes at
the command-line in a console or an xterm window. This, in effect,
creates a record of a session.
@@ -20108,6 +20109,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
factor
+ factor
@@ -20115,7 +20117,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandfactor
- Decompose an integer into prime factors.
+ Decompose an integer into prime factors.bash$ factor 27417
@@ -20133,6 +20135,7 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
bc
+ bc
@@ -20140,7 +20143,6 @@ wget -c ftp://ftp.xyz25.net/bozofiles/filename.tar.bz2
commandbc
- Bash can't handle floating point calculations, and
it lacks operators for certain important mathematical
@@ -20228,6 +20230,7 @@ LIMIT_STRING
dc
+ dc
@@ -20235,7 +20238,6 @@ LIMIT_STRING
commanddc
- The dc (desk
calculator) utility is
awk
+ awk
@@ -20310,7 +20313,6 @@ echo "7 8 * p" | dc # 56
commandmath
- Yet another way of doing floating point math in
a script is using awk's
built-in math functions in a shell
@@ -20339,6 +20341,7 @@ echo "7 8 * p" | dc # 56
jotseq
+ jot
@@ -20357,7 +20360,6 @@ echo "7 8 * p" | dc # 56
looparguments
- These utilities emit a sequence of integers, with a
user-selectable increment.
@@ -20434,6 +20436,7 @@ donegetopt
+ getopt
@@ -20441,7 +20444,6 @@ donecommandoption
- The getopt command
parses command-line options preceded by a dash. This external command
@@ -20474,6 +20476,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"run-parts
+ run-parts
@@ -20481,7 +20484,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandrun-parts
- The run-parts command
This is actually a script adapted from
@@ -20502,6 +20504,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"yes
+ yes
@@ -20509,7 +20512,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandyes
- In its default behavior the yes
command feeds a continuous string of the character
@@ -20590,6 +20592,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"banner
+ banner
@@ -20597,7 +20600,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandbanner
- Prints arguments as a large vertical banner to
stdout, using an ASCII character (default
@@ -20612,6 +20614,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"printenv
+ printenv
@@ -20619,7 +20622,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandenvironment
- Show all the environmental
variables set for a particular user.
@@ -20632,6 +20634,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"lp
+ lp
@@ -20639,7 +20642,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandlpr
- The lp and lpr
commands send file(s) to the print queue, to be printed as
hard copy.
@@ -20692,6 +20694,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"tee
+ tee
@@ -20699,7 +20702,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandtee
- [UNIX borrows an idea from the plumbing trade.]This is a redirection operator, but with a difference. Like the
plumber's tee, it permits siphoning
@@ -20729,6 +20731,7 @@ eval set -- "$args"mkfifo
+ mkfifo
@@ -20736,7 +20739,6 @@ eval set -- "$args"commandmkfifo
- This obscure command
creates a named pipe, a temporary
first-in-first-out buffer for
@@ -20787,6 +20789,7 @@ Mixed.msg BOZO
pathchk
+ pathchk
@@ -20794,7 +20797,6 @@ Mixed.msg BOZO
commandpathchk
- This command checks the validity of a filename. If the
filename exceeds the maximum allowable length (255
characters) or one or more of the directories in
@@ -20811,6 +20813,7 @@ Mixed.msg BOZO
dd
+ dd
@@ -20818,7 +20821,6 @@ Mixed.msg BOZO
commanddd
- Though this somewhat obscure and much feared
data duplicator
command originated as a utility for exchanging
@@ -20992,6 +20994,7 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
od
+ od
@@ -20999,7 +21002,6 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
commandod
- The od, or octal
dump filter converts input (or files) to octal
(base-8) or other bases. This is useful for viewing or
@@ -21023,6 +21025,7 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
hexdump
+ hexdump
@@ -21030,7 +21033,6 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
commandhexadecimal
- Performs a hexadecimal, octal, decimal, or ASCII
dump of a binary file. This command is the rough equivalent
of od, above, but not nearly as
@@ -21049,6 +21051,7 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
objdump
+ objdump
@@ -21056,7 +21059,6 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
commandobject binary dump
- Displays information about an object file or binary
executable in either hexadecimal form or as a disassembled
listing (with the option).
@@ -21078,6 +21080,7 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
mcookie
+ magic
@@ -21085,7 +21088,6 @@ dd if=$filename conv=ucase > $filename.uppercase
commandcookie
- This command generates a magic cookie, a
128-bit (32-character) pseudorandom hexadecimal number,
@@ -21115,6 +21117,7 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
units
+ units
@@ -21122,7 +21125,6 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
commandconversion
- This utility converts between different units
of measure. While normally invoked in interactive
mode, units may find use in a
@@ -21137,6 +21139,7 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
m4
+ m4
@@ -21144,7 +21147,6 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
commandmacro
- A hidden treasure, m4 is a
powerful macro
A macro is a
@@ -21177,6 +21179,7 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
xmessage
+ xmessage
@@ -21184,7 +21187,6 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
commandmacro
- This X-based variant of
echo pops up a message/query
window on the desktop.
@@ -21196,6 +21198,7 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
zenity
+ zenity
@@ -21203,7 +21206,6 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
commandmacro
- The
zenity
utility is adept at displaying
@@ -21217,6 +21219,7 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
doexec
+ doexec
@@ -21224,7 +21227,6 @@ random001=`md5sum $0 | awk '{print $1}'`
commandexecutable arg list
- The doexec command enables passing
an arbitrary list of arguments to a binary
executable. In particular, passing
@@ -21261,6 +21263,7 @@ esacdialog
+ dialog
@@ -21268,7 +21271,6 @@ esaccommanddialog
- The dialog family of tools
provide a method of calling interactive
dialog boxes from a script. The more
@@ -21281,6 +21283,7 @@ esacsox
+ sox
@@ -21288,7 +21291,6 @@ esaccommandsound
- The sox, or
sound
@@ -21338,6 +21340,7 @@ esacusers
+ users
@@ -21345,7 +21348,6 @@ esaccommandusers
- Show all logged on users. This is the approximate
equivalent of who -q.
@@ -21353,6 +21355,7 @@ esacgroups
+ groups
@@ -21360,7 +21363,6 @@ esaccommandgroups
- Lists the current user and the groups she belongs to.
This corresponds to the $GROUPS internal variable,
@@ -21376,6 +21378,7 @@ esacchownchgrp
+ chown
@@ -21390,7 +21393,6 @@ esaccommandchgrp
- The chown command changes the
ownership of a file or files. This command is a useful
method that root can use to
@@ -21423,6 +21425,7 @@ esacuseradduserdel
+ useradd
@@ -21437,7 +21440,6 @@ esaccommanduserdel
- The useradd administrative command
adds a user account to the system and creates a home
directory for that particular user, if so specified. The
@@ -21457,6 +21459,7 @@ esacusermod
+ usermod
@@ -21464,7 +21467,6 @@ esaccommandusermod
- Modify a user account. Changes may be made to the password,
group membership, expiration date, and other attributes of
a given user's account. With this command, a user's password
@@ -21475,6 +21477,7 @@ esacgroupmod
+ groupmod
@@ -21482,7 +21485,6 @@ esaccommandgroup
- Modify a given group. The group name and/or ID number may be
changed using this command.
@@ -21491,6 +21493,7 @@ esacid
+ id
@@ -21498,7 +21501,6 @@ esaccommandid
- The id command lists the real and
effective user IDs and the group IDs of the user
@@ -21525,6 +21527,7 @@ esaclid
+ lid
@@ -21532,7 +21535,6 @@ esaccommandgroup
- The lid (list ID) command
shows the group(s) that a given user belongs to, or alternately,
the users belonging to a given group. May be invoked only by
@@ -21554,6 +21556,7 @@ esacwho
+ who
@@ -21561,7 +21564,6 @@ esaccommandwhoami
- Show all users logged on to the system.
@@ -21599,6 +21601,7 @@ esacw
+ w
@@ -21606,7 +21609,6 @@ esaccommandw
- Show all logged on users and the processes belonging to them. This is
an extended version of who. The output of w
may be piped to grep to find
@@ -21619,6 +21621,7 @@ esaclogname
+ logname
@@ -21626,7 +21629,6 @@ esaccommandlogname
- Show current user's login name (as found in
/var/run/utmp). This is a
@@ -21662,6 +21664,7 @@ esacsu
+ su
@@ -21669,7 +21672,6 @@ esaccommandsu
- Runs a program or script as a
substitute user.
su rjones starts a shell as user
@@ -21681,6 +21683,7 @@ esacsudo
+ sudo
@@ -21688,7 +21691,6 @@ esaccommandsudo
- Runs a command as root (or
another user). This may be used in a script, thus permitting
a regular user to run the script.
@@ -21707,6 +21709,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
passwd
+ passwd
@@ -21714,7 +21717,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandpassword
- Sets, changes, or manages a user's password.
@@ -21737,6 +21739,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
ac
+ ac
@@ -21744,7 +21747,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandaccounting
- Show users' logged in time, as read from
/var/log/wtmp. This is one of the GNU
accounting utilities.
@@ -21755,6 +21757,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
last
+ last
@@ -21762,7 +21765,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandlogged in
- List last logged in users, as read from
/var/log/wtmp. This command can also
@@ -21785,6 +21787,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
newgrp
+ newgrp
@@ -21792,7 +21795,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandgroup
- Change user's group ID without
logging out. This permits access to the new group's
files. Since users may be members of multiple groups
@@ -21815,6 +21817,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
tty
+ tty
@@ -21822,7 +21825,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandtty
- Echoes the name (filename) of the current user's terminal.
Note that each separate xterm
window counts as a different terminal.
@@ -21834,6 +21836,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
stty
+ stty
@@ -21841,7 +21844,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandstty
- Shows and/or changes terminal settings. This complex
command, used in a script, can control terminal behavior
and the way output displays. See the info page, and study
@@ -21936,6 +21938,7 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
setterm
+ setterm
@@ -21943,7 +21946,6 @@ sudo cp /root/secretfile /home/bozo/secret
commandterminal
- Set certain terminal attributes. This command writes
to its terminal's stdout a string that
@@ -21972,6 +21974,7 @@ echo normal hellotset
+ tset
@@ -21979,7 +21982,6 @@ echo normal hellocommandtset
- Show or initialize terminal settings.
This is a less capable version of
stty.
@@ -21997,6 +21999,7 @@ echo normal hellosetserial
+ setserial
@@ -22004,7 +22007,6 @@ echo normal hellocommandserial
- Set or display serial port parameters. This command must be
run by root and is usually found in a
@@ -22021,6 +22023,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
gettyagetty
+ getty
@@ -22035,7 +22038,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandagetty
- The initialization process for a terminal uses
getty or agetty
to set it up for login by a user. These commands are not
@@ -22046,6 +22048,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
mesg
+ mesg
@@ -22053,7 +22056,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandmesg
- Enables or disables write access to the current user's
terminal. Disabling access would prevent another user
on the network to write
@@ -22070,6 +22072,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
wall
+ wall
@@ -22077,7 +22080,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandwall
- This is an acronym for write all, i.e., sending
a message to all users at every terminal logged into the
@@ -22110,6 +22112,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
uname
+ uname
@@ -22117,7 +22120,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commanduname
- Output system specifications (OS, kernel version,
etc.) to stdout. Invoked with the
option, gives verbose system info
@@ -22140,6 +22142,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
arch
+ arch
@@ -22147,7 +22150,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandarch
- Show system architecture.
Equivalent to uname -m. See .
@@ -22161,6 +22163,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
lastcomm
+ lastcomm
@@ -22168,7 +22171,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandlast
- Gives information about previous commands, as stored
in the /var/account/pacct file. Command
name and user name can be specified by options. This is
@@ -22178,6 +22180,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
lastlog
+ lastlog
@@ -22185,7 +22188,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandlast
- List the last login time of all system users. This
references the /var/log/lastlog
file.
@@ -22212,6 +22214,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
lsof
+ lsof
@@ -22219,7 +22222,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandlsof
- List open files. This command outputs a detailed
table of all currently open files and gives information
about their owner, size, the processes associated with
@@ -22263,6 +22265,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
strace
+ strace
@@ -22270,7 +22273,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandtrace
- System trace:
diagnostic and debugging tool for tracing system
calls and signals. This command and
@@ -22297,6 +22299,7 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
ltrace
+ ltrace
@@ -22304,7 +22307,6 @@ setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq 0 ; setserial /dev/$DEVICE irq $IRQ<
commandtrace
- Library trace:
diagnostic and debugging tool that traces library calls
invoked by a given command.
@@ -22329,6 +22331,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
nc
+ nc
@@ -22336,7 +22339,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commandnc
- The nc (netcat)
utility is a complete toolkit for connecting to and
@@ -22370,6 +22372,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
free
+ free
@@ -22377,7 +22380,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commandfree
- Shows memory and cache usage in tabular form. The
output of this command lends itself to parsing, using
grep,
procinfo
+ procinfo
@@ -22408,7 +22411,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commandprocinfo
- Extract and list information and statistics from the
/proc
@@ -22424,6 +22426,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
lsdev
+ lsdev
@@ -22431,7 +22434,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commanddevice
- List devices, that is, show installed hardware.bash$ lsdev
@@ -22451,6 +22453,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
du
+ du
@@ -22458,7 +22461,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commanddu
- Show (disk) file usage, recursively. Defaults to current
working directory, unless otherwise specified.
@@ -22473,6 +22475,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
df
+ df
@@ -22480,7 +22483,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commanddf
- Shows filesystem usage in tabular form.bash$ df
@@ -22493,6 +22495,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
dmesg
+ dmesg
@@ -22500,7 +22503,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commanddmesg
- Lists all system bootup messages to
stdout. Handy for debugging and
ascertaining which device drivers were installed
@@ -22522,6 +22524,7 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
stat
+ stat
@@ -22529,7 +22532,6 @@ getenv("DF_BLOCK_SIZE") = NULL
commandstat
- Gives detailed and verbose statistics
on a given file (even a directory or device file) or set
of files.
@@ -22600,6 +22602,7 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
vmstat
+ vmstat
@@ -22607,7 +22610,6 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
commandvirtual memory
- Display virtual memory statistics.bash$ vmstat
@@ -22623,6 +22625,7 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
uptime
+ uptime
@@ -22630,7 +22633,6 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
commanduptime
- Shows how long the system has been running, along with
associated statistics.
@@ -22651,6 +22653,7 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
hostname
+ hostname
@@ -22658,7 +22661,6 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
commandhostname
- Lists the system's host name. This command sets the host
name in an /etc/rc.d
@@ -22689,6 +22691,7 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
hostid
+ hostid
@@ -22696,7 +22699,6 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
commandhost id
- Echo a 32-bit hexadecimal numerical identifier for the
host machine.
@@ -22738,6 +22740,7 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
sar
+ sar
@@ -22745,7 +22748,6 @@ File access rights: -rw-rw-r--
commandsystem activity report
- Invoking sar (System Activity Reporter)
gives a very detailed rundown on system statistics. The
Santa Cruz Operation (Old SCO) released
@@ -22781,6 +22783,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
readelf
+ elf
@@ -22788,7 +22791,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
statistics
- Show information and statistics about a designated
elf binary. This is part of the
binutils package.
@@ -22807,6 +22809,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
size
+ size
@@ -22814,7 +22817,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
segment
- The size [/path/to/binary] command
gives the segment sizes of a binary executable or archive file.
This is mainly of use to programmers.
@@ -22834,6 +22836,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
logger
+ logger
@@ -22841,7 +22844,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
logger
- Appends a user-generated message to the system log
(/var/log/messages). You do not have
@@ -22870,6 +22872,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
logrotate
+ logrotate
@@ -22877,7 +22880,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
logrotate
- This utility manages the system log files, rotating,
compressing, deleting, and/or e-mailing them, as appropriate.
@@ -22907,6 +22909,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
ps
+ ps
@@ -22914,7 +22917,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
ps
- Process
Statistics: lists currently
@@ -22940,6 +22942,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
pgreppkill
+ pgrep
@@ -22955,7 +22958,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26process kill
- Combining the ps command
with grep or
kill.
@@ -22988,6 +22990,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
pstree
+ pstree
@@ -22995,7 +22998,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
pstree
- Lists currently executing processes in
tree format. The option
shows the PIDs, as well as the process names.
@@ -23005,6 +23007,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
top
+ top
@@ -23012,7 +23015,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
processes
- Continuously updated display of most cpu-intensive
processes. The option displays in text
@@ -23040,6 +23042,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
nice
+ nice
@@ -23047,7 +23050,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
nice
- Run a background job with an altered
priority. Priorities run from 19 (lowest) to -20
@@ -23063,6 +23065,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
nohup
+ nohup
@@ -23070,7 +23073,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
nohup
- Keeps a command running even after user logs off.
The command will run as a foreground process unless followed
by &. If you use nohup
@@ -23083,6 +23085,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
pidof
+ pidof
@@ -23090,7 +23093,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
process ID
- Identifies process ID (PID) of a
running job. Since job control commands, such as kill and
fuser
+ fuser
@@ -23124,7 +23127,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
fuser
- Identifies the processes (by PID) that are accessing
a given file, set of files, or directory. May also be
invoked with the option, which kills
@@ -23194,6 +23196,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
cron
+ cron
@@ -23201,7 +23204,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
crond
- Administrative program scheduler, performing such
duties as cleaning up and deleting system log files and
@@ -23228,6 +23230,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
init
+ init
@@ -23235,7 +23238,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
init
- The init command is the parent of all processes. Called
@@ -23249,6 +23251,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
telinit
+ telinit
@@ -23256,7 +23259,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
telinit
- Symlinked to init, this is a means of changing the system runlevel,
usually done for system maintenance or emergency filesystem
repairs. Invoked only by root. This
@@ -23267,6 +23269,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
runlevel
+ runlevel
@@ -23274,7 +23277,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
runlevel
- Shows the current and last runlevel, that is, whether the system
is halted (runlevel 0), in single-user mode
(1), in multi-user mode (2
@@ -23288,6 +23290,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26haltshutdownreboot
+ halt
@@ -23309,7 +23312,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
reboot
- Command set to shut the system down, usually just prior to a power down.On some Linux distros, the halt command
has 755 permissions, so it can be invoked by a non-root user.
@@ -23320,6 +23322,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
service
+ service
@@ -23327,7 +23330,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
service
- Starts or stops a system service.
The startup scripts in /etc/init.d
and /etc/rc.d use this
@@ -23354,6 +23356,7 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26
nmap
+ nmap
@@ -23361,7 +23364,6 @@ Average: all 6.33 1.70 14.71 0.00 77.26command
port scan
- Network mapper
and port scanner. This command scans a server to
locate open ports and the services associated with those
@@ -23385,6 +23387,7 @@ exit 0
ifconfig
+ ifconfig
@@ -23392,7 +23395,6 @@ exit 0
commandifconfig
- Network interface configuration
and tuning utility.
@@ -23445,6 +23447,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
netstat
+ netstat
@@ -23452,7 +23455,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandnetstat
- Show current network statistics and information,
such as routing tables and active connections. This utility
@@ -23483,6 +23485,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
iwconfig
+ iwconfig
@@ -23490,7 +23493,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandwireless
- This is the command set for configuring a wireless network.
It is the wireless equivalent of ifconfig,
above.
@@ -23499,6 +23501,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
ip
+ ip
@@ -23506,7 +23509,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandrouting
- General purpose utility for setting up, changing, and
analyzing IP (Internet Protocol)
@@ -23539,6 +23541,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
route
+ route
@@ -23546,7 +23549,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandroute
- Show info about or make changes to the kernel routing table.
@@ -23566,6 +23568,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
iptables
+ iptables
@@ -23574,7 +23577,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
firewall
- The iptables command set is
a packet filtering tool used mainly for such security
@@ -23598,6 +23600,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
chkconfig
+ chkconfig
@@ -23605,7 +23608,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandnetwork configuration
- Check network and system configuration. This command
lists and
@@ -23630,6 +23632,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
tcpdump
+ tcpdump
@@ -23637,7 +23640,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandtcp
- Network packet sniffer. This is a tool for
analyzing and troubleshooting traffic on a network by dumping
packet headers that match specified criteria.
@@ -23667,6 +23669,7 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
mount
+ mount
@@ -23674,7 +23677,6 @@ echo `/sbin/ifconfig | grep ^[a-z] | awk '{print $1}'`
commandmount
- Mount a filesystem, usually on an external device,
such as a floppy or CDROM. The file
/etc/fstab provides a handy listing
@@ -23737,6 +23739,7 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
umount
+ umount
@@ -23744,7 +23747,6 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
commandumount
- Unmount a currently mounted filesystem. Before physically removing a
previously mounted floppy or CDROM disk, the device must be
umounted, else filesystem corruption may result.
@@ -23764,6 +23766,7 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
gnome-mount
+ gnome-mount
@@ -23771,7 +23774,6 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
commandmount
- The newer Linux distros have deprecated
mount and umount.
The successor, for command-line mounting of removable storage
@@ -23799,6 +23801,7 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
sync
+ sync
@@ -23806,7 +23809,6 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
commandsync
- Forces an immediate write of all updated data from
buffers to hard drive (synchronize drive
with buffers). While not strictly necessary, a
@@ -23824,6 +23826,7 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
losetup
+ losetup
@@ -23831,7 +23834,6 @@ ls -alR # List the files in the directory tree there.
commandlosetup
- Sets up and configures
loopback devices.
@@ -23853,6 +23855,7 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
mkswap
+ mkswap
@@ -23860,7 +23863,6 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
commandmkswap
- Creates a swap partition or file. The swap area must
subsequently be enabled with
swapon.
@@ -23870,6 +23872,7 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
swaponswapoff
+ swapon
@@ -23884,7 +23887,6 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
commandswapoff
- Enable / disable swap partitition or file.
These commands usually take effect at bootup and
shutdown.
@@ -23893,6 +23895,7 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
mke2fs
+ mke2fs
@@ -23900,7 +23903,6 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
commandmke2fs
- Create a Linux ext2
filesystem. This command must be invoked as
root.
@@ -23920,6 +23922,7 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
mkdosfs
+ mkdosfs
@@ -23927,7 +23930,6 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
commandmkdosfs
- Create a DOS FAT
filesystem.
@@ -23936,6 +23938,7 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
tune2fs
+ tune2fs
@@ -23943,7 +23946,6 @@ mount -o loop /dev/loop0 /mnt # Mount it.
commandtune2fs
- Tune