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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V3.1//EN">
<article lang="en">
<artheader>
<title>Nvidia OpenGL Configuration mini-HOWTO</title>
<titleabbrev>Nvidia-OpenGL-Configuration-mini-HOWTO</titleabbrev>
<author>
<firstname>Robert</firstname>
<surname>Easter</surname>
<othername role="mi">B</othername>
<affiliation>
<address>
<email>reaster@comptechnews.com</email>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<revhistory>
<revision>
<revnumber>v1.0</revnumber>
<date>Aug 28, 2000</date>
<authorinitials>rbe</authorinitials>
</revision>
</revhistory>
<abstract>
<para>
This miniHOWTO is about how to install the OpenGL drivers for
Nvidia graphics cards on Linux. In addition to just installing the
Nvidia drivers, this mini-HOWTO also explains how to install XFree86, the
OpenGL Utility library (part of Mesa), the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (glut),
the full set of OpenGL manpages, and Qt and its OpenGL extension so
that a user can have a complete runtime and development environment
for OpenGL applications on Linux.
</para>
</abstract>
</artheader>
<sect1 id="intro">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>
This miniHOWTO is about how to install the OpenGL drivers for
Nvidia graphics cards on Linux. In addition to just installing the
Nvidia drivers, this mini-HOWTO also explains how to install XFree86, the
OpenGL Utility library (part of Mesa), the OpenGL Utility Toolkit (glut),
the full set of OpenGL manpages, and Qt and its OpenGL extension so
that a user can have a complete runtime and development environment
for OpenGL applications on Linux.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>New Versions of this Document</title>
<para>
The lastest version of this mini-HOWTO can be found at:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/nvgl.txt">http://www.comptechnews.com/~reaster/nvgl.txt</ulink>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="copyright">
<title>Copyright Information</title>
<para>
This document is copyrighted (c) 2000 Robert B. Easter and is
distributed under the terms of the Linux Documentation Project
(LDP) license, stated below.
</para>
<para>
Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are
copyrighted by their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may
be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium
physical or electronic, as long as this copyright notice is
retained on all copies. Commercial redistribution is allowed and
encouraged; however, the author would like to be notified of any
such distributions.
</para>
<para>
All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works
incorporating any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this
copyright notice. That is, you may not produce a derivative work
from a HOWTO and impose additional restrictions on its
distribution. Exceptions to these rules may be granted under
certain conditions; please contact the Linux HOWTO coordinator at
the address given below.
</para>
<para>
In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this
information through as many channels as possible. However, we do
wish to retain copyright on the HOWTO documents, and would like to
be notified of any plans to redistribute the HOWTOs.
</para>
<para>
If you have any questions, please contact
<email>linux-howto@metalab.unc.edu</email>
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="disclaimer">
<title>Disclaimer</title>
<para>
No liability for the contents of this documents can be accepted.
Use the concepts, examples and other content at your own risk.
</para>
<para>
All copyrights are held by their by their respective owners, unless
specifically noted otherwise. Use of a term in this document
should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark
or service mark.
</para>
<para>
Naming of particular products or brands should not be seen
as endorsements.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="downloadsw">
<title>Download the software packages</title>
<para>
First of all, the OpenGL drivers for the Nvidia cards currently require
a system with Linux kernel 2.2.12 or later. If you don't have it, then
you will have to upgrade your system's Linux kernel and that is the topic
of other HOWTOs! But nevertheless, the first step would be do download
a new kernel at:
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.kernel.org/">http://www.kernel.org/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
XFree86 4.0 or later, preferably 4.01 as of this writing, is also required.
Its installation will be covered later.
</para>
<para>
Software packages.
</para>
<para>
XFree86 4.0.1.
</para>
<para>
XFree86 comes in three files:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>X401src-1.tgz</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>X401src-2.tgz</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>X401src-3.tgz</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>doctools-1.2.tgz</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
Doctools is something it uses to prepare the X documentation.
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/">ftp://ftp.xfree86.org/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
Includes glX, the OpenGL X interface functions.
Each window system (MS Windows, X etc) has to provide the
platform-specific interfaces between OpenGL and the window system
to provide for mapping a GL rendering context to a window system
window.
</para>
<para>
OpenGL man pages.
</para>
<para>
XFree86 comes with only the glX man pages. If you want a full set of
OpenGL man pages, you have to get them yourself.
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>mangl.tar.Z</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>manglx.tar.Z</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>manglu.tar.Z</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="ftp://sgigate.sgi.com:~ftp/pub/opengl/doc/">ftp://sgigate.sgi.com:~ftp/pub/opengl/doc/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
These man pages are in a format ready to be unpacked into the
XFree86 source distributions, see below.
</para>
<para>
Mesa 3.3.
</para>
<para>
MesaLib-3.3.tar.gz
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://mesa3d.sourceforge.net/">http://mesa3d.sourceforge.net/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
Provides libGLU (GL Utility). GLU is a library built on top of OpenGL
to provide some higher level functions for applications. OpenGL
itself, libGL.so, is considered a low-level library. Many apps make
use of higher level libs like GLU to get work done.
</para>
<para>
The main reason to install Mesa when you already have XFree86 4, is to get
libGLU. GLU is a standard part of most OpenGL installations and is expected
to be present by lots of programs.
</para>
<para>
GLUT
</para>
<para>
glut-3.7.tar.gz
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://reality.sgi.com/mjk/glut3/">http://reality.sgi.com/mjk/glut3/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
Glut provides a window system independent interface between OpenGL
and any supported window system. For instance, on the X Window System, it
hides the details of using glX functions to setup a window. Programmers
can write code once and can compile it to work on MS Windows or X, etc
provided that a GLUT library is available on the target platform.
</para>
<para>
Like GLU above, GLUT is a standard part of most OpenGL installations.
Many example programs and even some applications, make use of libglut.
For instance, The OpenGL Programming Guide (red book) makes use of Glut
for its example programs.
</para>
<para>
You need to install GLU and GLUT if you want to be able to compile
many of the programs that are freely downloadable as source code.
Some programs may even need them to run if they were linked to them
dynamically.
</para>
<para>
Qt
</para>
<para>
qt-x11-2.1.0.tar.gz or later version
</para>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.troll.no/">http://www.troll.no/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
Qt is a cross-platform GUI library that makes it easy to create X applications
with standard GUI elements (widgets) like menubars, scollbars, dropdown lists,
checkboxes, buttons, multiple document interface, and many other GUI things.
Using Qt, a program can be compiled for both MS Windows and X without
changing any code. Its a very popular GUI library and is used to create
the core libraries of KDE (<ulink url="http://www.kde.org/">http://www.kde.org/</ulink>).
</para>
<para>
Qt has an extension (qt/ententions/opengl) for OpenGL that provides for
creating OpenGL rendering contexts in Qt windows. This provides some
alternative to both GLUT and using the glX functions directly plus the
added benefit of full access to the excellent qt widgets and
cross-platform portability.
</para>
<para>
This is useful if you want to compile or develop programs based on Qt.
</para>
<para>
NVIDIA drivers.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>NVIDIA_kernel-0.9-4.tar.gz</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>NVIDIA_GLX-0.9-4.xfree401.tar.gz</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<ulink url="http://www.nvidia.com/">http://www.nvidia.com/</ulink>
</para>
<para>
These make a kernel driver: /lib/modules/2.2.16/video/NVdriver
and libGL.so and libGLcore.so files that go into /usr/lib/ to replace
and Mesa ones that might be in there. libGL.so is OpenGL. These files
are nvidia's own hardware accelerated OpenGL implementation.
</para>
<para>
XFree86 4.0.1 appears to contain the core of Mesa 3.3, however, it is missing
the libGLU* files which many programs want.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="instx">
<title>Install XFree86</title>
<para>
If you have a version of XFree86 installed already, you may want to move it
or delete it:
<screen>
cd /usr
mv X11R6 X11R6-old
cd /etc
mv X11 X11-old
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If these locations are not correct for your distribution of Linux, you will
have to look around your filesystem a bit - try looking in /var
</para>
<para>
<screen>
cd /usr/src
mkdir release
cd release
tar -xvzf X401src-1.tgz
tar -xvzf X401src-2.tgz
tar -xvzf X401src-3.tgz
tar -xvzf doctools-1.2.tar.gz
-- unpack the man pages (actually, glx pages are already present)
tar -xvzf mangl.tar.Z
tar -xvzf manglx.tar.Z
tar -xvzf manglu.tar.Z
</screen>
</para>
<para>
A file has to be edited to allow these man pages to compile/install with
the rest of the distribution:
<screen>
cd xc/doc/man/GL
Edit the file: Imakefile
SUBDIRS = glx gl glu
</screen>
</para>
<para>
When you unpacked the man*.tar.Z files above, two new directories
where added: gl glu
</para>
<para>
<screen>
cd /usr/src/release
cd doctools-1.2
make
make install
cd ..
cd xc
make World
-- before installing, make sure you have moved or deleted prior installation of X
make install
make install.man
</screen>
</para>
<para>
When X is up and running (later), try using the xman program to see that the gl,glx,glu
and glut man pages are in section 3.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="instmesa">
<title>Install Mesa</title>
<para>
Note: This gives you the libGLU* files that are missing in XFree86.
To completely uninstall any Mesa libs that may have come with Slackware:
<screen>
removepkg mesa
</screen>
Procedures vary for other distributions. If there is no clear way to
uninstall an existing Mesa, then at least confirm where it is installed:
normally either under /usr or /usr/local. The example below assumes that
Mesa is installed (or going to get installed) under /usr. Installing
over an old version is probably harmless. Look for /usr/lib/libMesa*
or /usr/local/lib/libMesa*
</para>
<para>
<screen>
cd /usr/src
tar -xvzf MesaLib-3.3.tar.gz
cd Mesa-3.3
./configure --prefix=/usr
make
make install
</screen>
</para>
<para>
At this point, Mesa installed its own version of the glx.h include
files over the ones that XFree86 installed. This will cause some
programs fail to compile and is corrected by copying the XFree86 GL include
files from the X source back to your system:
<screen>
cp /usr/src/release/xc/include/GL/*.h /usr/X11R6/include/GL
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="instnvidia">
<title>Install Nvidia OpenGL drivers</title>
<para>
<screen>
-- delete the libGL.* files that come with XFree86 / Mesa 3.3
-- the nvidia libGL.* should replace them
cd /usr/X11R6/lib
rm libGL.*
cd modules/extensions
rm libGL*
rm libglx*
cd /usr/lib
rm libGL.*
cd /usr/src
tar -xvzf NVIDIA_kernel-0.9-4.tar.gz
tar -xvzf NVIDIA_GLX-0.9-4.xfree401.tar.gz
cd NVIDIA_kernel-0.9-4
make
cd ..
cd NVIDIA_GLX-0.9-4.1
make
cd
-- make a basic X config file
xf86config
follow the prompts and fill in the information it asks for
cd /etc/X11
You must edit XF86Config and set the following:
vi XF86Config
Load "dri"
driver "nvidia"
"1600x1200" (or your preferred screen resolution)
copy ttf fonts from Windows into a font directory and add a font path
-- note /usr/include/GL should be a symlink to /usr/X11R6/include/GL
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Specifying "nvidia" for the driver in the XF86Config makes that take effect
each time you startx. But the NVdriver kernel driver will have to be
loaded each time your system boots using:
<screen>
insmod NVdriver
</screen>
</para>
<para>
You can place this command in one of the system startup files, like
/etc/rc.d/rc.modules
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="instqt">
<title>Install Qt</title>
<para>
<screen>
cd /usr/local
tar -xvzf qt-x11-2.1.0.tar.gz
mv qt-2.1.0 qt
cd qt
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Check qt/configs/linux-g++-shared and make sure no Mesa references are in there,
like -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU should be -lGL -lGLU. Read the INSTALL file about
environment variables to setup.
</para>
<para>
<screen>
./configure
make
-- compile the opengl extension
cd extensions/opengl/src
Check the Makefile and ensure there are not Mesa references.
make
ldconfig
cd ../examples
Try compiling and running the examples.
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="instglut">
<title>Install GLUT</title>
<para>
Installing GLUT is a bit tricky. I'm not too familiar with imake, the
program that it uses to manage the Makefiles, and didn't quite see how to
get GLUT to install to where I wanted it (/usr/lib). It can be done
manually anyhow:
</para>
<para>
<screen>
cd /usr/src
tar -xvzf glut-3.7.tar.gz
cd glut-3.7
Read the file: README.linux
cd linux
READ the file: README
cp Glut.cf ..
cd ..
Edit Glut.cf: remove any Mesa references.
Replace any -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU with -lGL -lGLU if needed.
In particular, replace:
OPENGL = $(TOP)/../lib/libMesaGL.so
GLU = $(TOP)/../lib/libMesaGLU.so
with:
OPENGL = -lGL
GLU = -lGLU
./mkmkfiles.imake
cd lib/glut
cp /usr/src/glut-3.7/linux/Makefile .
Edit the Makefile: remove any Mesa references.
Replace any -lMesaGL -lMesaGLU with -lGL -lGLU if needed.
In particular, replace:
OPENGL = $(TOP)/../lib/libMesaGL.so
GLU = $(TOP)/../lib/libMesaGLU.so
with:
OPENGL = -lGL
GLU = -lGLU
make
ln -s libglut.so.3.7 libglut.so
ln -s libglut.so.3.7 libglut.so.3
cp -d libglut.* /usr/lib
cd ..
cd gle
-- make a shared lib for libgle
gcc -shared -o libgle.so.3.7 *.o
ln -s libgle.so.3.7 libgle.so
ln -s libgle.so.3.7 libgle.so.3
cp -d libgle.* /usr/lib
cd ..
cd mui
-- make a shared lib for libmui
gcc -shared -o libmui.so.3.7 *.o
ln -s libmui.so.3.7 libmui.so
ln -s libmui.so.3.7 libmui.so.3
cp -d libmui.* /usr/lib
cd ../man
make install.man
ldconfig
cd ../progs/demos/ideas
make
./ideas
-- test compiling some demos
-- take a look at which libraries have to be linked (-lX11 ...) in
-- the Makefiles. Qt's tmake program available at www.troll.no
-- is a quick way to make a Makefile but you have to edit it
-- and add the -l needed.
</screen>
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="fincomm">
<title>Final comments</title>
<para>
I believe that is about it! At this point you should have a fully functioning
OpenGL system for running and developing OpenGL apps.
</para>
</sect1>
</article>